فهرست مطالب حمید تابلی

Moral courage is necessary to observe moral behavior when dealing with moral challenges raised at the time of crisis. The purpose of this study is to present an interpretive structural model (ISM) of the antecedents of moral courage during crises among the staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-analytical survey. After reviewing the literature and identifying the antecedents of moral courage, a questionnaire with semi-closed questions was designed and distributed among 18 managers and expert from the university, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 9 and MICMAC software, version 2. 

Based on the findings, the antecedents included individual factors (self-esteem, personal values, moral model, personality type), managerial factors (leadership, criticism acceptance, honesty, leader-member exchange), organizational factors (organizational transparency, accountability, culture), and environmental factors (economic, cultural, political/legal). 

The results can help relevant authorities to plan and make appropriate decisions in this field.

To achieve their goals, organizations need to consider several factors, one of the most important of which is organizational participation. Isfahan Governorate, in line with its organizational mission, tries to provide quality services with a central program through encouraging increased participation of employees and taking advantage of their opinions and suggestions. Hence, the current research is aimed to present a model for increasing employee participation in Isfahan Governorate. To this end, 54 influencing factors regarding employee participation were extracted through the review of research literature. The intended research community consisted of all the employees and managers of Isfahan Governorate, and 21 senior managers of the organization who were recruited through convenience samling and their opinions were analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method. The final factors were codyfied in 7 dimensions of leadership, job satisfaction, performance evaluation, clear goal setting and policy making, organizational culture, human resource measures and organizational structure. The conceptual model and the relationship of the factors were presented using the DEMATEL method. The conceptual model with the addition of employee participation as a dependent variable was quantitatively investigated using the structural equation modeling method. The results revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between leadership and human resources measures; leadership and organizational structure; organizational structure, goal-setting and policy-making; human resources measures and organizational culture; organizational culture and performance evaluation; goal-setting and policy-making component and performance evaluation; performance evaluation component and job satisfaction; and job satisfaction and employee participation.

One of the ways to reduce disasters facing a society is to invest in promoting national resilience. The aim of this study was to design a model of collective resilience in global crises. The present study was a qualitative study that was conducted by data foundation method. Participants in this study included 16 experts in the field of management and public health who were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection method was semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Data validation was performed by the participants using the verification method. Based on the research findings, the central category of the model is national resilience in global crises (improving organizational strength, increasing adaptability and ability to face risk). Causal conditions have two categories (personality traits and collective characteristics). The strategies in question are: (offensive, defensive, review and contingency). Background conditions also include: (ancillary skills and hospitalization conditions of the community). Interventional conditions (economic and political) also affect strategies and ultimately lead to consequences (infrastructure-cultural, social and individual).The resilience approach in global crises such as coronary heart disease ensures our ability to adapt to new and emerging events and to reduce the risk of exposure and to recover quickly from the effects of the events. based on the findings of the present study, health managers in the country as well as all members of society can use this model for collective resilience in the face of global crises.

In recent decades, with the development of information and communication technologies, existing movements in governance to improve relations between the people and the government were formed under the title of new governance. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors of participation in governance data. For this purpose, in the first step, the constituent elements of citizens' participation in open governance data were identified from the theoretical literature (by a systematic review method) and interviews with experts. The research community comprises 18 political and administrative experts from the organizations under the Ministry of Interior. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires. With a comprehensive review of the background of the research and soliciting opinions from experts, the number of 10 factors affecting citizens' participation in open governance data includes Personality characteristics, individual capabilities and internal motivation of citizens, external motivation of citizens, economic factors, organizational and legal factors, quality of open governance data platform, quality of open governance data services, cultural-social factors, political factors and international developments, in the form of a structural model. An interpretation was identified and leveled. The results showed that the realization of citizens' participation in open governance cannot be a purely executive decision by the government. However, various political, economic, cultural, social, organizational, and technological requirements and international developments related to each of them should be counted and analyzed. Furthermore, it finally planned and acted according to it in line with the general interests of the society.

Job crafting is a deconstructive concept that transcends the traditional view of human resource knowledge about job design. It is process through which employees play an active role in how their work is transformed. The objective of the present study is to design an interpretive structural model of job crafting. After identifying the preconditions for job crafting and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire, the questionnaire was distributed among 18 heads of units and experts of the National Oil Company of Kerman Province who were identified through conceptual sampling and snowballs. The data were analyzed through MATLAB 9 and Mick Mac 2 software. Finally, 16 variables at 8 levels, including entrepreneurial orientation, self-efficacy and social skills, job motivation, job independence, job security and organizational identity, job position and perceived organizational support, psychological capital, transformational leadership, servant leadership, employee leadership, leadership empowerment, two-way leadership, dynamic personality, were identified as preconditions for job crafting.

Part of the success in implementing policies goes back to the capacity to implement the policy because capacity is the ability to do so.

In this research, the factors leading to the improvement of the capacity to implement policies and the cause and effect relationship between them have been identified.

This research is applied and the research population is15 HSE policy experts in Kerman who have been selected through non-random and purposeful sampling. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires and FMEA and fuzzy dimmetel techniques were used to analyze the data.

The index of organizational support in formulating and implementing HSE policies has the highest and the index of creating organizational structure integration in relation to HSE has the least impact on other indicators to improve the capacity to implement these policies.

Efforts to improve the capacity to implement HSE policies should be accompanied by more investment to improve the quality of the organization's support index in the development and implementation of HSE policies to strengthen other indicators. Focusing on the continued presence of effective HSE experts in the organization and creating management stability can enhance the capacity to implement HSE policies

Entrepreneurship is a powerful tool for recognizing opportunities that can solve problems such as employment, lack of creative and dynamic human resources, low productivity, reduction in the quality of products and services, economic stagnation and increased competition. In recent years, the share of women in private businesses as well as in government jobs has gone through a growing trend.The success of women entrepreneurs in societies not only causes economic benefits, but also creates social and cultural benefits.This research is a sequential mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) with the aim of investigating and analyzing women's entrepreneurship based on home jobs using the systematic design of the foundation's data theory. For this purpose, while conducting open interviews with 19 professors and women entrepreneurs, a set of primary themes (138 themes) were collected during the recoding process until reaching theoretical saturation, and categories were extracted from them. Then, in the central coding stage, the link between these categories under the title of causal conditions (personality factors including cognitive, motivational, behavioral and business-related factors including customers, market, goods, work), central phenomenon (structural, process, behavioral, development), strategic factors (defensive, offensive, revision/adaptation, contingency/diversity), contextual conditions (work environment, ecology and family environment), intervening conditions (cultural, political, economic) and the consequences of women's entrepreneurship in home businesses at the level of ( individual, group and social) was determined.

The present study was conducted with the aim of providing an ethical decision-making process model in the policy-making processes of the country's oil companies.                 

The present study was qualitative, with a survey-exploratory approach and based on data theory. The statistical population of this study was a group of experts including senior managers of the oil industry, and advisors and university professors familiar with the general management of the oil industry who were selected as a sample using snowball sampling method. The main tools of data collection were in-depth and unstructured interviews with experts. Finally, after open, axial and selective triple coding, the conceptual model of the research was designed based on a paradigm model.

After analyzing the interviews, 109 initial concepts were extracted and after reviewing them and removing duplicate concepts, 42 final concepts and 17 categories were identified.

The main (central) category was "the emergence of a sense of social ethics in managers" which under causal conditions such as organizational culture, organizational commitment of managers, religious beliefs, managerial expertise, managers 'views of society, managers' awareness of correct ethical decision-making processes, knowledge Managers are formed from their social responsibilities and managerial experience. The main categories are affected by conditions such as "emphasis of the Ministry of Oil on the ethical decision-making of managers" and "pressure of colleagues to observe ethics in decisions" and environmental conditions such as "environmental pressures to align with the interests of society" affect this category. The proposed strategies of this model were "managers 'self-monitoring of decisions", "stakeholder monitoring of managers' decisions" and "in-service training courses" which led to consequences such as "stakeholder trust" and "stakeholder satisfaction".

The occurrence of critical events, accidents and catastrophes has existed unexpectedly throughout human life and has left different damages depending on the nature, severity, place and time of occurrence. In this situation, the need for collective resilience is felt, collective resilience shows the ability of society to respond to these crises.The present study seeks to investigate the factors affecting collective resilience in coronary arteries. In this study, after studying the research literature and identifying the factors affecting collective resilience and including them in the semi-closed questionnaire based on the Likert spectrum, a questionnaire was distributed among 16 experts in the field of management and public health. Snowball catches were identified.In the next step, the relationships between these components were determined using the structural equation method. According to the results, a total of 21 factors at six levels were identified as factors affecting collective resilience.The first level includes factors such as "perceptual resilience", "emotional resilience" and "behavioral resilience", the second level "social justice", "safety and security" and "crisis tolerance", the third level "good governance" and "health system governance" , The fourth level of "information systems management", "organizational and institutional resilience" and "social responsibility". The fifth level includes "social capital", "social intelligence", "social participation" and "sustainable supply chain", and the sixth level includes the components of "economic stability", "political system efficiency", "urban resilience" and "resistance economy".

leaders By helping employees find meaning in work, organizations can build their trust, psychological well-being, and strengthen and promote a positive ethical atmosphere.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is all Fasa police officers, their number has reached 214 in 2020. Due to the relative limitation of the statistical population, all its members have been selected as a sample and studied by census. The data collection tool was four standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using structural equations and Lisrel software.

The research findings indicate that: Committed leadership has a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. The results also show the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on service quality. On the other hand, the variable of committed leadership also affects trust in the leader and also trust in the leader affects organizational citizenship behavior. Trust in the leader also mediates the relationship between committed leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, and organizational citizenship behavior mediates the relationship between committed leadership and service quality.

According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the existence of committed leadership in the organization can lead to organizational citizenship behavior and improve the quality of services

Environmental fluctuations and turbulent changes have doubled the importance of employees' empowerment in facing with different situations and uncertain environment. Previous viewpoints about employees' performance have given their place to adaptive performance of employees to face uncertain and dynamic environments. Although there are many studies about effective factors on employee's adaptive performance, the purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive analysis of employees' adaptive performance. In terms of approach, this research is qualitative research and has been used meta-synthesis method. Data were collected from the 34 research on employees' adaptive performance published between 1999 and 2017. As results, while the definitions related to adaptive performance were classified, its antecedents were identified and classified in form of 58 codes, 15 constructive themes and 4 comprehensive themes including individual, job, group and organizational factors. Practically, the results of this study by identifying individual, job, group and organizational factors affecting adaptive performance help managers to perform better in identifying effective actions when faced with uncertain changes and situations.

Development and implementation of safety and health policy is one of the necessities of the organization to reduce accidents and occupational diseases. Policy means the decisions and politics and the purpose of implementing the policy are the activities that it performs directly. Numerous factors lead to the failure to implement occupational safety and health policies. In this study, these factors have been identified and ranked. This research is applied and strategic in terms of survey. The research population consisted of 15 HSE managers in Kerman province who were selected through non-random and purposeful sampling. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires and FMEA technique and integrated approach of AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS have been used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, important factors influencing the failure to implement safety and health policies are: Lack of proper organizational structure and lack of funding for implementation. According to the research findings, it is necessary that organizations pay more attention to creating and strengthening the structure of safety and health units and monitor the implementation of safety and health policies by estimating and allocating the necessary budget.

This study has been done to research about the connection between coping skills of employees of the Sepah bank of a Kerman and the satisfaction of its customers by applying the combination of management and psychology. Coping skills applied in the study are driven from coping skills theory of Lazarus and Folkman. This study includes two sides: problem- center and excitability- center.

The Sepah bank of Kerman employees in 29 branches of this bank were asked to complete the Lazarus and Folkman questionnaires; and customer’s satisfaction was examined by the questionnaires services quality scale which were scattered among 384 people of different branches of this bank. And then our data were analyzed by applying Spss20 Software and Pearson test.

Our data show that there’s no connection between coping skills and customer’s satisfaction.

Our findings indicate that respondents weren’t able to manage the stressful situations.

Health and safety policies are implemented in the organizations to reduce occupational accidents and diseases and prevent waste of resources. Policy means the decisions and implementing the policy means the activities that help implementation directly. Numerous measures will reduce the failure to implement occupational safety and health policies. In this research, these factors are identified and ranked.This research is applied and adopts survey as its strategy. The research population consists of 15 HSE managers in Kerman province who are selected through non-random and purposive sampling. Data collection tools are interviews and questionnaires and FMEA technique and integrated approach of AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS are used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, important and effective measures to reduce the failure of safety and health policies implementationinclude reducing the change of managers and requiring new managers to implement safety and health policies, developing scientific programs in accordance with the organization's capabilities and creating an appropriate organizational structure. According to the research findings, it is necessary for organizations to pay more attention to creating and strengthening the structure of safety and health units by carefully planning and changing the approach of managers.

Empowering leadership is a style of leadership in which leaders can regulate and coordinate the distribution and exercise of power with subordinates to develop their independence and self-control. Empowering leaders motivate people to break passive mindsets, increase their responsibility, and be more accountable for the consequences of their actions. The purpose of this study is to design an interpretive structural model of empowering leadership antecedents in sports organizations. In this study, after studying the research literature and identifying the precedents of empowering leadership and including them in a semi-closed questionnaire based on the Likert scale, a questionnaire was distributed among 18 managers and experts of sports organizations in Kerman province. Snowballs were identified. According to the results obtained from the analysis of recent survey data, a total of 12 variables in 5 levels, the first level (leader trust in employees, leader relationship, self-efficacy, risk-taking and self-esteem), the second level (organizational climate), the third level (organizational structure, distance Power and avoidance of uncertainty), the fourth level (leader personality and desire for control) and the fifth level (gender) were identified as the precursors of empowering leadership.

The subject of this research is Investigating the Mediation of Information Literacy among Employees in the Relationship between Managers Communication Skills and ICT Reception of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Staff. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the research is all employees of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, whose number is 120. In order to test the hypothesis, 95 of them were selected by Cochran formula using simple random sampling method and They were asked to complete a questionnaire including the Barton Communication Skills Questionnaire, Jay. E (1990), a researcher-made information literacy questionnaire, and a Sheikh Sha'aie and Oluwi Information Technology Admission Questionnaire (2007). To analyze and test the hypothesis of the research, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in Spss and Amos software. Data analysis showed that: The communication skills of managers through the mediator variable of information literacy have a significant relationship with the adoption of information technology by employees of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences. In addition, there is a significant relationship between communication skills of managers and ICT acceptance among Yasouj University of Medical Sciences staff members, and there is a significant relationship between managers' communication skills and information literacy among Yasuj University of Medical Sciences staff. Also, there is a significant relationship between employees' information literacy and ICT acceptance among employees of Yasouj University of Medical Sciences.

People's satisfaction from the services provided by government agencies in the executive and administrative systems in Iran is considered as one of the main indicators of efficacy in the growth and development of the system. Achieving public satisfaction with receiving services from the organization increases public confidence, which is the largest capital and support for the administrative system. The aim of this study was to assess the client satisfaction rate with the performance of physicians in the top 10 provincial centers of the forensic medicine organization in Iran.
Instruments & This descriptive research with a survey method was carried out among people referred to the top 10 provincial centers of the forensic medicine organization in Isfahan, Fars, North Khorasan, Khorasan Razavi, Kermanshah, Kerman, Gilan, East Azarbaijan, Tehran and Mazandaran provinces in 2015-2016. The subjects were selected using the simple random sampling method, and they completed the researcher-made questionnaires. 1785 questionnaires were completed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software through the one-sample t-test.
The mean score of clients 'satisfaction with physicians' performance, informativeness, specialty and skill, commitment, courtesy and respect, space and medical and non-medical equipment of the organization were 4.25±0.62, 4.19±0.72, 4.17±0.70, 4.13±0.67, 4.27±0.73 and 4.24±0.74, respectively.
From the viewpoint of the clients, the performance of physicians in the top 10 provincial centers of the forensic medicine organization of the country is at a favorable level.

In the today's world, individual performance is affected by moral issues and human interaction, which should prevail in organizations. The role of ethical leadership in internalization of moral roles and impact on staff’s commitment and promotion of performance, is very important. The ethical leader can have a fundamental role in the training of positive emotions and responsibility of individuals and the performance of organization. This survey examines the relationship between ethical leadership with individual performance and moderating role of organizational commitment.

This research is descriptive-correlation study. The population in this research includes all supervisors and authorities of engineering department (N=174). The sample of 120 subjects was determined, which were selected by random sampling. Data were collected by three questionnaires; ethical leadership, Individual performance and organizational commitment. The correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used for analysis of data.

There is a positive relationship between ethical leadership and organizational commitment with individual performance. In addition, the role of mediator organizational commitment in relationship between Individual performances with ethical leadership is significant.

The results of this study suggest that ethical leadership and organizational commitment are important factors that affect individual performance and promote the individual performance.

The current study aimed at investigating the impact of disclosure quality and voluntary disclosure on Information asymmetry of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accordingly, statistical sample including 84 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were studied in a time period of 2006 to early 2016 using Panel regression. In this study, the relationship between voluntary disclosure and Information asymmetry criteria including the domain of difference of bid and offer prices, cash stock and the error of predicting interest as well as the relationship between the rate of disclosure quality and Information asymmetry were examined. In order to examine the normality of data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test was used. Significance level of the test for the variables of the domain of difference of bid and offer prices, the error of predicting interest, growth, return on assets and financial leverage was normalized using Johnson Method. Finally, the model was estimated and the results of the study showed a meaningful relationship between voluntary disclosure of information and the rate of disclosure quality with cash stock, but there was not a meaningful relationship between voluntary disclosure of information and the rate of disclosure quality with two other criteria. Based on the results obtained, the released information from companies should be presented orally so that investors could have more tendencies to invest in Stock Exchange. Therefore, the role of Stock Exchange in compelling companies to present clear information gets more and more important    The availability of appropriate information is one of the factors influencing the decision making process. The distribution of required information asymmetrically among individuals can produce different results. Therefore, although information can be important to the decision maker, however, we need to carefully assess the quality of information distribution (Diamond and Verechia, 1991). Hence, the information asymmetry leads to various adverse consequences such as increased transaction costs, market weakness, low liquidity, and, in general, a reduction in the profits from transactions in the capital market. These undesirable outcomes can be modulated by disclosing and clarifying the financial information to reduce the information asymmetry. With regard to the information disclosure process, investors (traders) face the problem of information asymmetry. This problem arises when one of the parties to the transaction has more information than the other party (Davani and Moini, 2007). The improper information issues result from information asymmetry and conflicting incentives for the investors and managers. This will bring about chaos to the capital market performance. Some of the measures taken to reduce these issues are as follows: First, optimal contracts between companies and investors increase the incentive for managers to fully disclose information and leads to a reduction in the misleading evaluations. Secondly, establishing the regulations to bind the managers to fully disclose information will reduce the problem of information asymmetry. Thirdly, these unfavorable issues may be diminished through effective intermediary information such as the views of analysts and the institutions determining the credit rating of the companies (Izadinia and Soroush Yar, 2009). Case study The study statistical population included all the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research was an applied and correlational study. The research project was a quasi-experimental one, which was conducted by using a retrospective approach (through previous information). In this research, we used Tehran Stock Exchange databases, audited financial statements and Rahavard Novin software to collect data and information. Data analysis and testing the research hypotheses along with their results were done according to the outputs obtained from the Eviews software Ver. 9. Discussion and Results This research was aimed to answer the following question: What is the effect the quality of information disclosed by companies on the information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange Companies? In this regard, six sub-hypotheses were developed by using the voluntary disclosure criterion and the quality rating of information disclosure to answer the research questions. The summary of the results is as follows: The first sub-hypothesis of this study examined the relationship between the score of voluntary disclosure of information and the range of the proposed price difference for the purchase and sale of shares. According to the regression results, the significance of the coefficient related to the independent variable of information disclosure was 0.7877, suggesting a lack of significant relationship between these two variables. As a result, the first sub-hypothesis is not verified, which is consistent with the results of Khajavi and Alizadeh Talatapeh research (2014) and contradicts the results of Gao and Zhou (2015) study. The second sub-hypothesis evaluated the relationship between the score of voluntary disclosure of information and the liquidity of the stock shares with the criterion of frequency of transactions. The coefficient of the independent variable of disclosure rating in this test was negative and significant (equal to 0.000). As a result, the second sub-hypothesis was accepted. It should be noted that the initial assumption about the relationship between the disclosure of information and liquidity of shares was the presence of a positive relationship between these two variables, while the test results proved the opposite. One of the possible reasons for this issue may be the inefficiency even at a weak level of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The studies conducted in relation to the efficiency of the Tehran Stock Exchange market confirm its ineffectiveness. The third sub-hypothesis of the study was to investigate the relationship between the score of voluntary information disclosure and the earnings forecast error. Regarding the regression test and the significance of the coefficients, this hypothesis was not accepted and no significant relationship was found between the score of voluntary information disclosure and the earnings forecast error. The fourth sub-hypothesis of this study examined the relationship between the score of voluntary information disclosure and the range of the proposed price difference for the purchase and sale of shares. Based on the results of regression, the significance of the coefficient of the independent variable of disclosure of information was equal to 0.003, suggesting the lack of significant relationship between these two variables. As a result, the fourth sub-hypothesis was not confirmed. The fifth sub-hypothesis of the study was to investigate the relationship between the score of voluntary information disclosure and the stock liquidity. The independent variable coefficient of disclosure rank in this test was negative and significant (equal to 0.000). Accordingly, the fourth sub-hypothesis was accepted. This result was similar to that of the second sub-hypothesis. Finally, the sixth sub-hypothesis of the research investigated the relationship between the score of voluntary information disclosure and the earnings forecast error. Due to the regression test and the significance of the coefficients, this hypothesis was not also accepted and no significant relationship was seen between the information disclosure rate and the earnings forecast error. Since no similar studies have been done on the relationship between disclosure quality and information asymmetry by the above computational approach, consequently, no comparison can be made with other studies. Comparing the results of the two variables of voluntary disclosure score and the rating of information disclosure quality revealed that these two variables have had the same effects on the three dependent variables in this study. The effect of both variables on the stock liquidity is inverse and significant, while their effect on the earnings forecast error is positive and insignificant. The effect of these two variables on the difference range of the proposed price is positive but not significant. According to the obtained results, the information provided by the companies should be presented in a transparent manner so that the investors will be more willing to invest in the securities. Hence, the role of the Stock Exchange Organization becomes increasingly important in requiring the companies to provide transparent information. In addition, more serious laws should be established by the government to bind the companies for providing early and more accurate information. Along with regarding the financial statements and internal information of the companies, the investors should also pay further attention to the outsourcing information and consider such information in their analyses.

This research aims to determine the relationship between the four types of organizational culture (hierarchy, market, and especially the tribal-dominated) and transformational leadership in the administration of prisons in the Gulf.
Data from the questionnaire measure of organizational culture and leadership aspects of multi-agent and distributed between leaders and followers. The population of this study consisted of all directors and employees of the Bureau of Prisons Gulf.
The results show that the dominant culture is hierarchical culture from the perspective of leaders and followers. Also know their leaders transformational leaders transformational leadership and followers have a job to do.
The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that the types of organizational culture and leadership, transformational leadership, there is a significant positive correlation, While the members of this relationship is positive and significant.
The results of multiple regression impression that the leaders and the followers of the order of hierarchy, market, especially the tribal-dominated and have the greatest impact on transformational leadership. Thus each of the four types of transformational leadership is impressive.

With respect to importance of financial markets, this study examines the relationship between the development of financial markets and economic growth in the Middle East countries over a period of thirty years, from 1985 to 1915. To this end, panel data regression approach was used as an experimental model of endogenous growth.In this study, two hypotheses of volume of bank credit and securities market size were tested.The results indicate a negative correlation between the volume of bank credit and economic growthwhile there is a positive relationship between sizesof stock market with economic growth in countries studied.

A crisis entails an unanticipated incident that may cause financial losses and claim human casualties. One of the most important actions in crisis management is individual preparedness in dealing with the crisis. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between individual preparedness in crisis management, and overall health and sleep quality.
This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. The study population included 310 staff members of Golgohar Mining and Industrial Company, Iran. The number of incidents in the spring and summer of 2015 was considered as an indicator of individual preparedness in crisis management. In addition, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used for assessing participants’ overall health and sleep quality. The data were analyzed in SPSS software.
Findings: The participating workers had a mean age of 32.2 ± 4 years and a mean work experience of 7.6 ± 4.1 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the workers was 25.2 ± 2.72 kg/m2. In order to judge the existence of mental disorders, 23 and 6 were considered as cut-off scores in total PSQI score and scores of each domain, respectively. The results revealed that 32.3% of the workers were likely to suffer from mental disorders. Furthermore, 39.7% of the participants enjoyed satisfactory sleep quality, while 60.3% had unsatisfactory sleep quality.
This study showed that an increase in public health increased individual preparedness in crisis management, and therefore, reduced accidents. However, a significant association was not observed between quality of sleep and accidents.

University of Medical Sciences is one of the most important organs of service to the citizens. Its main purpose is to provide services and meet the needs of citizens. The investigation of anti-citizenship behavior of staff and its relationship with the managers’ way of political behavior and, ultimately, the roots of problems, Could provide a better service and deserve to the citizens. The present study is descriptive (correlation analysis), and in terms of the purpose, it is practical. This study aimed to investigate the role of moderator of the type of personality in the relationship between the managers’ political attitudes and anti-Citizenship’s behaviors of employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. According to statistics in 1393, the total number of employees is 750 people, among which 250 people with formula samples were selected by the researchers. The survey questionnaire was used to collect information. Then, by using SPSS and LISREL software, the data were analyzed by the researchers. Political behavior of the managers increased the anti-Citizenship behaviors of employees. (p=0/000 r =0/275). In addition, types of the personality can adjust the relationship between political attitudes and behavior of managers. P(0/030). The study showed that there is a relationship political behaviors of the managers and anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. In other words, the political behavior of managers increases anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. Among the political behavior of managers, dimensions of persuasion and appeal to values, blaming, threatening, supportive base hits and obscure secrecy had the greatest impact on anti-Citizenship behaviors of staff. Moreover, the results showed that the types of personality, as an intervening variable, affect the relationship. And those with type B personality lower than those with type A, engage less to the anti-citizenship behaviors.