فهرست مطالب حمید زرینی

With the advancement of technology and the increase in the use of machinery, the process of creating risk and the possibility of accidents in industrial environments has increased. During the last half-century, there have been significant changes in the materials, processes, and types of activities in large industries, and the number of large factories has also increased, and as a result, the number of people working in these industries and the populations living around these industries have increased. which has increased their exposure to dangers. One of the most important industries in any country, including Iran, which feeds many industries and is considered one of the strategic industries and plays an important role in world trade, is refineries. A refinery is a set of chemical process units that Refinement of materials or conversion of raw materials into useful products, and due to the extent and complexity of its processes, various accidents are expected to occur in it, the important point in this connection is mainly due to the nature of the extensive use of chemicals, process accidents include a lot of damages. It may be that accident is considered one of the factors that destroy the potential in the industries, and despite the various efforts that have been made to prevent their occurrence, there is still no coherent system for rooting the accidents. In today's era, protecting the mental and physical health of the workforce is one of the principles that are the foundation of all goals and plans. In this regard, providing a safe and risk-free environment is one of the parameters that guarantee this peace. One of the main consequences of accidents in today's industries, especially those accidents that are related to a large quantity and spectrum of chemicals, is extensive environmental destruction, hence the identification of factors affecting Creating accidents and analyzing the complex and reciprocal relationships between them is an important and fundamental issue and is considered a way to prevent their occurrence. The analysis of major accidents has shown that a large part of the damages and the probability of their occurrence are preventable.This research was conducted to analyze, analyze, and root HSE incidents in process industries using the combined method of Tripod-beta and scat. During the last half-century, there have been significant changes in the materials, processes, and types of activities in large industries. The number of large factories has also increased. So, the number of people working in these industries that are exposed to Their risks have also increased.

This study is based on descriptive-analytical approach. Accordingly, accidents at South Pars gas refineries, which is a collection of 14 gas refineries, were evaluated with Tripod-beta and SCAT methods. The opinions of 10 safety experts were used to collect information. 4 accidents were evaluated by interviewing experts and after analyzing the findings, considering that one of the operational goals of this research is to identify the most important direct causes of accidents in South Pars refineries.According to the causes identified in the tripod method, the hidden problems, the pre-conditions of the accident, the main errors, and managerial, human and equipment errors were determined. Then, the output of the causes of accidents in three categories of direct causes, intermediate causes and root causes along with control measures were verified with SCAT technique. Finally, according to the cause and effect table of SCAT and using the opinions of experts, a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert logic (I completely agree, I agree, I have no opinion, I disagree, I completely disagree) to identify surface causes, root causes. and the necessary control measures were prepared. The validity of the questionnaire in measuring the research variables was confirmed by referring to the opinions of 10 safety experts. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used with the following formula and SPSS16 software was used to calculate it.

By using the analysis done in the first part, the tables containing the main risk factors (BRF or the main risk factors), preconditions, and hidden causes of accidents are drawn and the reasons and hidden preconditions of the accidents related to each BRF will be linked in a ranking. From the total of extracted BRFs, other tables will be drawn and a general classification will be made for prioritization among the hidden causes of recurrence and common events.Based on the Friedman test and the significance level of the Chi-square value, it should be said that the prioritization of the intensity of the effect of the research variables is statistically significant (Chi-Square = 50.971 and sig = 0.007).

Risk cannot be completely eliminated, therefore, the scientific solution to deal with it is risk management and control through risk assessment. Therefore, risk management is the central and main part of strategic management in an organization. Most of the risks identified in the current study are at an acceptable level, but due to the high levels of crisis in some activities, the level of acceptable risk was reached by applying appropriate control measures. Also, it is possible to reduce the number of risks to a significant level during the initial design. In order to record the defects and failure states, it is possible to carry out the documentation activity and evaluate the security risks in a better way in the future.According to the results of the research in the Tripod beta section and the fact that HSE training resources and non-compliance with HSE standards in the implementation of service production projects are the most frequent, followed by the lack of supervision of inappropriate work behavior of people, this is in the third place. It is inferred that the policies of support and attention of institutions and senior officials of Iran National Petrochemical Industry Company and South Pars Special Economic Zone Organization along with the ever-increasing sense of need and increasing need for a strategic road map for environmental protection with compliance with HSE requirements are the most important Petrochemicals are the driving factors of the external environment.