حوریه سادات آل محمد

Newcastle disease is one of the most important diseases and challenges in poultry farming in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2014 to June 2017 in broiler farms in Mazandaran province to evaluate the serum titers against Newcastle disease vaccine under field conditions. At least 16 blood samples were taken from each farm; a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed on serum samples. The mean titers were compared within different months using ANOVA and Tukey's test. 224 broiler farms and 3573 birds were sampled. In terms of age, 22 flocks were less than 20 days old, 8 flocks were between 20 and 24 days, 91 flocks 25 to 34 days, and 103 flocks were 35 days and older. The mean titer of the sampled flocks was 5.38 ± 2.14. The mean titer of 31 farms (13.8%) was less than 3, 103 farms (46.98%) was between 3 and 6, and 90 farms (40.17%) was 6 and higher. In 8 farms, velogenic Newcastle viruse (57.7%) was identified using RT-PCR. The average of titers of the flocks aging 34-35 days was 4.94 and there was no significant difference in mean titers of flocks older than 35 days (5.71) (P> 0.05). The mean titer of all sampled flocks in the province (5.38) was significantly higher than 3 as the protective titer (P

Mycoplasmosis is an infectious disease of poultry and a major cause of economic losses due to decline in growth, egg production, reduction in egg hatching and exacerbation of viral and bacterial respiratory diseases.
The purpose of this study was detection of serological prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in broiler breeders of Mazandaran province and to suggest control strategies against mycoplasmosis.
All breeder farms that were in production period in Mazandaran province were sampled (74 farms in 14 cities); blood samples were collected from 45 birds in each farm. Sera samples were examined by RSPA and ELISA tests based on the instructions of OIE.
In this study, by the RSPA test, 3 out of 74 farms (4%), 15 out of 553 houses (2/7%) were positive. From 5626 collected sera samples, 139 samples (2.5%) were positive in RSPA and 124 samples (2.2%) in ELISA.
Seroprevalence of MG infection was 4% during the selected period and zone of study. Statistical analysis showed that biosecurity situations were significantly better in negative farms (p=0.04). There are some deficiencies in quality of biosecurity situations despite implementing biosecurity principles in farms. Establishing of farms near villages or the development of villages, keeping backyard birds close to the farms and employees living in villages are some of the biosecurity principles that were not followed in infected farms.

To determine histomorphological changes of ureter and kidney following experimental ureteral anastomosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate more details about complications arising from ureteral anastomosis in dogs. Five healthy mongrel dogs weighing between 15-30 kg were used. Anesthesia was induced by acepromazine and thiopenthal sodium and maintained by halothane in oxygen in a closed circuit. After midline celiotomy، left ureter near trigon area was incised and immediately end to end anastomosis was performed in simple interrupted pattern by using polydiaxanon 6/0. All animals were euthanized at day 90 after operation and the ureters and their related kidneys were evaluated both macroscopically and microscopically. The gross observations of the ureters showed obstruction (one case) and mild hydroureter (three cases). Microscopically، hyperplasia (in epithelial and muscularis layers)، fibrosis (lamina properia-submucosa and serosal layers) and different phases of inflammation and repair (in lamina properia-submucosa، muscularis and serosal layers) were observed in the ureters. Histological sections in the related kidneys revealed hydronephrosis in one case. Although ureteral anastomosis is technically difficult in small animals and has a high rate of postoperative obstruction، in case of transected or damaged ureter، ureteral reanastomosis is one of the options for veterinary surgeons. In the present study، in spite of some complications، the anastomosis has been performed successfully in 80 percent of animals and certainly meticulous surgery is mandatory to prevent ureteral obstruction.