حیران پورنجف

In today's world, the amazing and unimaginable growth of the media has made them a powerful tool that not only fulfills the informational task inherent in their nature; Rather, they have gone further and entered and influenced all aspects of human life. The diversity of the social roles of women and men reflects the fact that the concepts of femininity and masculinity (gender) are strongly influenced by social factors. Men and women are each reflected in the media. The image of women in mass media has an ideological aspect for the continuation of patriarchal relations. Against the subjectivity of women in patriarchal discourse; The strategy of struggle to deconstruct and break stereotypes has flowed in late modernity. The aim of the current research is to analyze the discourse of Iranian women's subjectivity in the Instagram social network. The research method in this study is qualitative content analysis. The technique used is critical discourse analysis and specifically Fairclough's discourse analysis approach. The community studied in this research is the pages related to the theoretical class of discourses of subjectivity in the Instagram social network of Iranian users, which were selected with theoretical considerations and qualitative content analysis. The final categories obtained in the research include the objectification of women, glorification of narcissism, gender class system, de-importance of role, naturalization of superior status, deprivation of rights, double otherization, which is consistent with the discourse of women's subjectivity.

One of the richest areas of discussion of the forms of media representation is related to gender identities. Meanwhile, the Internet and web space are one of the main components of the formation and representation of women's identity in new societies. The aim of the current research was to represent the image of women in the discourse of the Struggle against female subjectivity (case study: Instagram social network). The research method in this study was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The community studied in this research was the pages related to the discourse of struggle against female subjectivity in the Instagram social network of Iranian users, which were selected with theoretical considerations and qualitative content analysis. Using the purposeful sampling method, 6 pages whose nature of messages were different from each other were selected as research samples. The results showed that the final categories obtained included rethinking identification, reconstruction of distorted social texts, equality, universality of women's demands, liberation of subjugated subjects, criticism of women's marginalization, media as an extension of the language of struggle, symbolic resistance, which is in line with the discourse of struggle against women's subjectivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that Instagram social network, as a public domain, have provided conditions for different representation and reconstruction of women and have prepared the ground for women's struggle against subjectivity and objectification in the patriarchal discourse and have become a tool for women's liberation.

The training and inoculation of stereotypic roles by family, school and mass media may affect the attitude of both sexes toward their roles. The basic principle which is raised today is not the sex difference between girls and boys, but their attitude toward their sex role in a way the girls are satisfied of being female and the boys are satisfied of being male which will lead to their mental health. The aim of this study was indicating the male and female student’s attitude toward their sex role and the opposite sex. In a descriptive - analytic survey – 402 highest grade students (206 boys and 196 girls) of elementary, guidance, high school and collage institute of Ilam were selected through cluster and simple random sampling. Sample size in mind than a good attitude and accuracy rate of 50% was estimated five hundredth. The data were gathered through answering a questionnaire. The gathered data were analyzed via SPSS computer software by descriptive method. Overall, %74 of students have positive attitude toward their Gender role. About the gender role of the girls: %69.5 of girls have positive attitude while %74 of boys have negative attitude (P=000). About the gender role of the boys: %76 of boys have positive attitude while %38 of girls have negative attitude (P=000). There are significant relationships between attitude to gender role and location of school, student's grade, the occupation of student's mothers, watching TV and reading (p<0.05). Results of this study showed that boy's attitude toward gender role of girls is negative. Therefore training and awiring the parents and the parent- teacher association members by health care nurses, school health nurses and psychiatric nurses in order to emphasize the affective and positive roles of the girls in family and association seem necessary. School books, radio and television and other mass media have a grate role in patterning the proper situation of women and can affect deeply the girls and the boys.

The consumption of opium is a universal phenomenon which has plentiful bodily, psychic, family, social, and economic harms. It can be produced serious reduction of individual and social functions in an aimed person. Preventive activities have significant role in immunity of persons on mentioned harms. These preventive activities can be held on the basis of training and awareness. The current research done on 1388 among slummer young of Ilam city in a range of 15-25 years old. The selected sample by evoke manner for participation in educational classes. Each class included of 60-70 persons who trained in a 2 training sessions of introduction of opium and its harms for 4 hours. The results showed that training was increased the young’s awareness. The training can be enhanced the young persons’ awareness and can be modified their attitudes towards harms of opium consumption, also it’s can be affected on their buffering against opium.

In the past several decades many Iranians residing in Iraq have been forced to leave their homes there and return to Irn. The majority of them have taken residence in Ilm province. On the other hand, studies considering migrants’ adjustment in their new places of residence usually focus on the adjustment of the head of the household, whom most often are men. The purpose of this study is to examine the adjustment of the Iranian women who have been forced to return to Irn (Mo’ved = Repatriated). Utilizing participant observation and a questionnaire, the Mo’ved women’s adjustment was measured. Adjustment had two dimensions: Cultural adjustment (that is; adoption of the Iranian traditions and ways of conduct in dress, food, social gatherings and the utilization of Persian language), and satisfaction (which included level of satisfaction with social facilities, of the way the Iranians treat them and whether or not they consider themselves as Iranians or Iraqis). The results showed that age had no significant relations with adjustment, but the variables of marital status, education, income, number of children, and type of work, were significantly related to adjustment. It is noteworthy that the adjustment of the majority of respondents was at the level of medium.