دشتی

Since about 34% of areas under rice cultivation in whole country is attributed to Gilan; in this study we pay attention to some economical dimensions, especially economic values of inputs in this region. Data were collected from 80 rice producers in 2007-2008. Consider to importance the parametric approach in production structure and factors demand, Applying Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation method, a translog profit function with the factors cost share equation estimated. Finally with Hotteling-Lemma, economic value for every hectare of land and family labor were 16000000 and 200000 (Rial), respectively. Therefore attention to this value can result to increase in profitability of rice production process.

Non-petroleum export expansion and export revenues diversification are some vital steps to reduce Iran’s development goals injuries. As for the importance of Iranian pistachios in its non-petroleum exports, the present study determines the comparative advantages and the global exports market structure of pistachios for 2002-2006. To calculate the comparative advantages of pistachios exporting countries, two indices, i.e., the Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage were worked out. To find out the global exports market structure of pistachio the Herfindahl and Concentration ratio indices were worked out. The Results exposed that among pistachio’s exporting countries Luxembourg, USA, Syria, Netherlands, Cyprus, Slovakia, Greece and Jordan had comparative advantages. This shows an existing wide gap of Iranian comparative advantages indices as compared with that of others. Besides of that, the Iran’s comparative advantage in pistachio export was declining through the period. As regards with concentration, Iran was the dominant firm in global markets and owed 60 percent of market share, but its export prices were not desirable. To reinforce and stabilize the (RCA) of Iranian pistachios, more export differentiation policies and dwindling of market concentration based on a few external markets are recommended

Appendicitis is more common during the second and third decade of life and appendectomy scar is important in terms of cosmetic issues. The scar is an important factor in the patient’s satisfaction. Conventional teaching has an emphasis on the closure of skin incision with “separate” sutures. The aim of this study was to reconsider this dogma

The production unit size is one of the effective factors in optimum uses of inputs. Since optimum size is affected by the characters and economical conditions in each district, the studies for determining the optimum farm size should be done specially for each crop and each district. In this study tried to determine the optimum rice farm size in Guilan province which is one of the most talented district for rice in Iran applying Translog cost functions to data collected from 280 farmers in the studied district who were selected by two stage random sampling method. The results showed increasing return to scale for all districts and for each town. Also the optimum sizes are 2.17 ha for province, 2.2 ha for Rasht, Somee sara 2.26 ha, Talesh 2.01, Astaneh 1.73 ha and Rudsar 1.47 ha. In general, the optimum sizes are larger than present average sizes. Due to results, encouragement of farmers to form cooperatives and convert of small farm to cumulative farms are recommended.