راحله افراسیابی

Developed and developing countries have all emphasized the importance of small and medium businesses for economic growth and development. Considering the high importance of small and medium businesses for the economic growth of countries, in today's competitive world, the internationalization of these industries seems inevitable. The main goal of this research is to identify the precursor components of the internationalization model of small and medium businesses with high technology. In terms of data collection, the research method is a descriptive survey. Among the survey research methods (cross-sectional, longitudinal and Delphi), because the data collection about the variables was done once and at a specific point in time, the research is a cross-sectional survey type. In this research, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with industry and university experts were used to identify the research components, and coding with MAXQDA software was used to analyze the content of the research. The research sampling was purposive – snowball. The findings indicated that the identified components include: networking, cooperative competition, resources, strategic orientation, price advantage, market and marketing intelligence advantage, technology/product advantage, environmental factors, assets.

Entrepreneurial activities depend on encouraging environment to increase the number of entrepreneurs, and growth of businesses. Studies proved that business environment has direct effect on entrepreneurship development. Therefore, improvement of environmental factors are vital for sustainable growth of private sector. This research has been designed to investigate the effect of 1) entrepreneurship and business environment policies on entrepreneurship development and 2) assess the status que of these policies. Conceptual model comprises entrepreneurship policies, business environment policies and short and long term development.The research is applied based on aim and a correlation survey based on data gathering tools. Questionnaires were distributed among 417 specialists and mangers of public sector including: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance; Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare; Ministry of Industry, Mine & Trade; Ministry of Science, Research and Technology; Country’s Program and Budget Organization, and the Islamic Parliament Research Center. Data analyzed based on confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and t-test. The results proved the relationships of conceptual model to be acceptable but entrepreneurship and business environment policies faced barriers for development of entrepreneurship.

One of the methods to create loyalty among customers is presenting a value through customer clubs which is beyond the intrinsic value of the product or service. In order to achieve this aim, a new perspective of customer club’s basics that is based on findings business model is needed. As a result, the purpose of this study is to explore customer club Hafez Insurance business model as the first private insurance in free zones of Iran, with an emphasis on"innovation"and" customers block ".In this research, we try to find out the answer of questions such as customers segmentation in the insurance industry, Identifying distribution channels, the type of services and products that offered in the club correspond to the target of customers and the type of value which is created for customers to increase loyalty. From the data collection method standpoint, current study is a qualitative research and was conducted through in-depth interviews and semi-structured focus group. This focus group meeting is consist of 12 experts of Hafez Insurance Company that have been selected based on purposefully sampling method. Finally, by analyzing the findings from focus group research and using the Atlas.ti software, basics of "innovation" and " customers blocks are explained. The content of qualitative data suggests that components of customers block include three themes of customers segmentation, distribution channels and communication with customers, 11 sub-components and 40 items. Components of innovation include the proposed theme for value, eight sub-components and 29 items.

One of the requirements for the successful performance of organizations in today''s competitive world is having innovation and creating competitive advantage. One of the new models for innovation is Open Innovation model (OI). The main objective of this study is to identify influential factors on implementing of open innovation. Therefore، the main factors affecting open innovation have been considered in two dimensions: internal (structural، financial and staff) and external factors (cooperation with competitors، relationship with customers، political/legal factors and relationship with university). An applied، descriptive correlational survey is carried out. The data were collected by using questionnaires which were distributed between 100 experts of the research centers of the Ministry of Science and Industry by random sampling. The data were analyzed by using Path Analysis and PLS software. The results show that all identified dimensions of internal and external factors influence on implementation of open innovation.