رحیمه خادمی پور

The right of custody is one of the important issues of private law which has been studied in a variety of aspects. The Iranian legislator has stated that one of the examples of lack of child care is the involvement of parents in "mental disorder" under Article 1173 of the Civil Low and has not expressed anything about neurological disorders. While mental and neurological disorder they have different nature, origins and works according to the principles of psychology. This descriptive-analytic research is important in this regard that has studied the status of neurological diseases in the field of neurolaw as one of the barriers to custody under Article 1173 of the Civil Low. The result of this research is not scientifically that resemble of mental and neurological diseases and if the diagnosis is referred to an expert forensic medicine, That expert distinguishes neurological disorder from mental disorder based on scientific foundations and he presents his theory on the basis of this. But if the family court considers "neurological disorder" to be excluded from Article 1173 of the Civil Low, It is possible to give the custody of the child to someone who is not qualified because of having a neurological disease, so compromised child's health. The second result of the study is that destroys neurological disorder person's power of will and recognition in some cases and these include insanity. Therefore someone with neurological disorders can't use the right of custody. So the Iranian legislator must be reviewed in the third clause of Article 1173 of the Civil Low and add sentence of "neurological disorder" after sentence of "mental disorder".

The culture of sacrifice is one of the fundamental and supreme concepts of human life and has a high position in Islamic teachings, but some cultural and social changes, such as social injustice, undermine the culture of sacrifice. In this research, the role of "religious beliefs" in the promotion and promotion of self-sacrifice culture is investigated, despite social injustice, and seeks to find a scientific answer to the question of whether religious beliefs can modify the relationship between social injustice and the weakening of the culture of sacrifice. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population is Shahid Bahonar Kerman University students. A questionnaire is used for collecting data and for analyzing them, Smart PLS software is also used. The variables of "social injustice" and "religious beliefs" are exogenous variables that have been able to cover part of the "self-sacrifice culture"; therefore, the relation of "social injustice" with the "sacrifice culture" is negatively related and the relation between "religious beliefs" and "culture" Sacrifice "is a positive relationship. The results of the research included three hypotheses: First, there is a direct relation between social injustice and the weakening of the culture of sacrifice. Secondly, there is a significant relationship between religious beliefs and the promotion of the culture of sacrifice, and also, in the event of social injustice, religious beliefs, and religious pretexts, by "moderating roles", promote and promote the culture of sacrifice in society.

The creation of culture, propagation of natural childbirth, and reduction of caesarian section has always been one of the objectives of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. In addition, this subject is one of the 8 objectives of the country's health system reform plan. The aim of this study was the evaluation and explanation of the fundamentals caesarian section in terms of jurisprudence because medicine and jurisprudence can be related in some respects. With the consideration of this connection and using Islamic resources, training programs can be improved and teaching and learning output strengthened in order to better train medical students and the public on medical issues.
The present study was conducted through library research and by studying literature and valid first class sources of Fiqh and Hadith like Wasā'il al-Shīʿa, Man Lā Yahzar āl Faqih, Mostadrak-āl vasāil, Qavāid āl Fiqhi, and āl-mizan and the religious grounds for natural childbirth. Moreover, books, articles, and dissertations in the field of medicine and the views of experts in the field were used. The common points between these resources were noted in order to achieve the desired result. Selection of resources was based on their accreditation in jurisprudence and medicine.
By studying a large number of religious, Hadith, and medical books related to the discussion topic it was found that natural childbirth has a scientific and rational priority over cesarean delivery, except in cases of necessity. However, caesarian delivery is thriving today. One of the most important findings of this research is that, in addition to its disadvantages, cesarean delivery can be indirectly effective in the reduction of population. The limiting of the human race is under the “Lā-Zarar” rules of the Islamic jurisprudence. This means that harming oneself or others is not legitimate in Islam. This is a good reason to study this subject in terms of Islamic jurisprudence and to guide students and researchers toward the development of medical education.
Cesarean delivery operation is one of the issues that, contrary to popular imagination, Islamic jurisprudence has discussed. The results showed that caesarean section, despite less pain than natural childbirth, has no advantages over natural childbirth except in special cases and Islamic jurisprudence confirms this in numerous fatwas. On the other hand, cesarean section is subject to the rules of Islamic jurisprudence, and according to the rule of "no injury and loss in Islam" (Lā-Zarar rule), whatever causes harm to human beings is prohibited. One of the major damages that cesarean delivery indirectly causes for human life is the crisis of population reduction, and thus, it has been forbidden according to the rule of Lā-Zarar.