فهرست مطالب رزیتا چراغی

Anxiety as a factor affecting the health of the body in the preoperative period reduces immune reactions and increases the risk of wound infection, the patient's hospitalization, and treatment costs. Communication therapy is one of the ways to reduce anxiety that creates an effective therapeutic relationship. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effect of therapeutic communication training by role-playing to nurses on patients' anxiety before abdominal surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2019.

In this quasi-experimental study, nurses were selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, nurses were taught communication skills by role-playing in an 8-day course. No intervention was performed in control (except for routine care). Before and after the intervention, the test was performed as a pre-test and post-test using the Spielberger questionnaire. The data obtained from the research units were analyzed by SPSS 16 statistical software using Chi-square and t-test to evaluate the research results.

The results did not show a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of state anxiety score (P = 0.698) and hidden anxiety scores (P=0.72) before the intervention. However, after training of communication skills, there was a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups regarding state anxiety score (P = 0.006) and hidden anxiety (P=0.001).

The results showed that training communication skills in the role-playing method in nurses leads to better therapeutic communication between them and the patient, better retelling of concerns by the patient and also reducing their anxiety level before abdominal surgery. Considering the role of nurses' communication skills in reducing anxiety in patients before surgery, it is suggested that communication skills should be taught to nurses using effective educational methods, including role-playing.

Due to the chronic nature of the disease, patients with heart failure suffer from impaired self-care and complications of the disease, including frequent hospitalizations. Meanwhile, the use of new educational methods, such as virtual and feedback-based education, is considered as one of the effective methods in educating patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the effect of self-care training using virtual training and virtual and feedback training on self-care behaviors of patients with heart failure.

The present study was semi-experimental. Ninety patients suffering from heart failure referred to Seyed al-Shohadah Medical Education Center in Urmia in 2020-2021 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Then, the patients were divided by randomized complete blocking method into three groups of feedback training, virtual training, and control groups. In the feedback training group, training was conducted individually and during one month, two sessions of 45-60 minutes per week, face-to-face, lecture, and with feedback at the end of each session for each patient. In the virtual training group, educational content was sent daily for three months in the form of text and images a total of 90 messages and images of educational content in WhatsApp software. The control group received routine care. The research tools included the demographic information form and the European questionnaire of self-care behavior in heart failure patients. Analysis was done by paired t-test as well as ANOVA and chi-square tests in SPSS software version 22.

Before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of demographic variables and self-care behaviors (p>0.05).The mean score of self-care behavior for control, feedback, and virtual training groups after the intervention was 31.73 ± 5.66, 41.93 ± 4.44, and 36.5 ± 072, respectively. ANOVA test showed that this difference was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Tukey's test showed that feedback training was more effective than virtual training in improving patients' self-care (p<0.05). Also, the results of the paired t-test showed that in the feedback group, there was a statistically significant difference between mean self-care score before (30.8 ± 4.99) and after (41.93 ± 4.44) the intervention (P=0.0001). In the virtual training group, the self-care score before and after the intervention was 31.03 ± 4.99 and 36 ± 5.07, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.0001).

The results showed that self-care training by means of virtual training and feedback has a positive effect on the self-care behaviors of congestive heart failure patients. Also, the results showed that although both types of training were effective, feedback training was more effective than virtual training in promoting and self-care of patients. Considering the effect of these two training methods on the self-care of congestive heart failure patients and their simplicity and ease, it is recommended to use these two methods in the training of these patients.

Nursing student's skills evaluation plays a vital role in their professional education, but unfortunately; the quality of many evaluation methods is less than optimal. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of evaluation by using Direct Observation of Clinical Skills (DOPS) and traditional methods on nursing students' clinical skills in 2016. In a quasi-experimental study, 108 senior nursing students were selected and then randomly assigned into two groups of case and control. In the case group was evaluated the skills related to dressing, intra-vein catheterization and suction by DOPS method and in the control group these skills was evaluated by traditional method. Finally, the skills in the two groups were checked by checklist and data were analyzed by using SPSS16 software, descriptive and inferential statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Independent T-test showed a significant difference in the mean score of dressing, intra-vein catheterization and suction skills between case and control groups (p<0.001). Also the results showed a significant increase in those skills in the third stage of assessment in the case group, which showed a statistically significant in ANOVA (p<0.001). Regarding the improvement of clinical skills in case group's students, it is suggested that the DOPS evaluation method as a high-performance, objective, validated method is used for assessing clinical skills and evaluating the learning of nursing students as well as accepting responsibility professionals in medical sciences.

Nursing education is part of the higher education system that deals with human life and considering its quantitative and qualitative aspects is very important. Understanding educational needs is a prerequisite for successful education. This study is aims is to investigate the compatibility of nursing undergraduate curriculum with occupational needs from the viewpoints of faculty members of some north and north-west universities of medical sciences of Iran. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with the participation of 61 nursing faculty members of Ardebil, Urmia, Zanjan, Tabriz, and Rasht Universities of Medical Sciences in the fall of 2017 using the census method. A checklist containing the curriculum of undergraduate nursing based on the approved headings of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The findings of this study showed that the highest compatibly with job requirements from the viewpoint of faculty members based on the checklist scores from 1 to 4 was related to biochemistry with a mean and standard deviation of 2.1 ± 1.03, among specific courses, epidemiology with mean and standard deviation of 1.90 ± 0.99, and among internship and field apprenticeship, adult and elderly internships with mean and standard deviation of 1.51 ± 0.03. The findings of this study indicate that the curriculum developed for the undergraduate nursing degree is not suitable for nursing job requirements and needs modifications in some aspects. Therefore, presenting the results of this study can be used developing and modification of the undergraduate nursing curriculum based on occupational needs.

Consulting with a spiritual approach and the important role of nurses in psychological support of cancer patients has been considered by researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of spiritual consultation in hope of cancer .
This study was a clinical trial. The data collection tool was a two-part questionnaire in which Demographic characteristics were evaluated in the first part and in the second part, hope were evaluated by Herth Hope Index. The study population included all patients with cancer was admitted to Urmia city hospital. The number of samples was 76 cancer patients who were chosen and then randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. Patients in the control group received routine care hospitals, but patients in the intervention group received 10 sessions of spiritual counseling. To analyze the data, SPSS software, Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test with p Results showed HHI scores before and after treatment have no significant difference in control group patients with cancer (p>0.05), while in the intervention group are significantly different (p0.05). HHI Scores was significantly different in patients with cancer between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p Researches concluded that spiritual counseling is effective in hopes of cancer patients. In dealing with patient's spiritual needs, nurses should pay attention to the background and unique needs of patients.

Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issue in the field of medical ethics. Nurses in ICU are faced with challenges of separating terminally ill and brain death patients from devices. The aim of this study is to explore the perception of ICU nurses regarding euthanasia.
This is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach that conducted on 30 nurses who was working in ICUs of one of Urmia hospitals. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected using 5 focus groups interview. Data analyzed using Graneheim & Lundman method. Accuracy of the data were stabilized with the four criteria of credibility, confidentiality, conformability and transferability.
Three main themes and seven subthems were extracted. The main themes were: the understanding of euthanasia, positive attitudes towards euthanasia, and negative attitudes toward euthanasia.
Most nurses do not have accurate knowledge regarding euthanasia and have different and sometimes contradictory perceptions regarding euthanasia. Lack of legislation and related regulations caused more confusion. Therefore, training courses and legal clarification is needed on this issue.