رشید غلامی

In this research, apricot fruit has been evaluated during the storage. Packaging with polyethylene film (PE) and polyethylene equipped with Nano-silica particles, as well as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and coating (Chitosan coating) were used as treatments to preserve apricots for 20 days. Physical tests (weight loss and moisture), appearance evaluation (L*, a*, b*, BI and ∆E), chemical tests (pH, TSS and TA), mechanical test (Fmax and Emod) and finally olfactory test (E-nose) was performed. The obtained results showed that the treatments of the storage period, packaging film, atmosphere modification and coating as well as some mutual effects had a significant effect (at the level of 1 and 5%) on the changes in engineering properties of apricots. It was found that the use of coating in an agricultural product such as apricot affected its properties more strongly, so that the most recorded changes for most properties were in the samples coated and packed with normal film and normal atmosphere (code 112) was observed, while preservation of apricot quality (less changes in engineering properties) was improved in uncoated and packaged samples under modified atmosphere. Also, by examining the data obtained from the olfactory test, the lowest and highest classification accuracy with the help of C-SVM is related to the classification based on the type of packaging film and cover. The best structure of the neural network in classification based on coverage is 2-9-10.

Preparation and supply of ready and semi-ready food products for consumers is important due to time constraints in today's world. For this purpose and in order to create such a platform, it is necessary and essential to know the characteristics of agricultural products. The knowing information about the properties and mechanical behavior of agricultural products is necessary in order to design mechanized and automatic agricultural equipment. The properties that are effective in cutting cellular materials are: compression, stretching, bending and cutting. These characteristics depend on the species, variety, ripening, moisture content and cell structure. In this research, mass density modulus, crushing resistance coefficient and efficient cutting coefficient of faba bean have been obtained, by using cutting theory and existing relationships. A completely randomized design with factorial testing was used to investigate the effect of cutting angle and cutting speed on these traits. The results showed that the effect of the cutting angle on the values of the mass density modulus and the crushing resistance coefficient is significant at the level of 1%, and with the increase of the cutting angle, the values of the crushing resistance coefficient decreased and efficient cutting coefficient increased. It was also found that the increase in cutting speed caused a decrease in crushing resistance and an increase in efficient cutting coefficient, while the changes in the mass density modulus did not follow a regular trend.

In this research, some methods such as chitosan coating, nanocomposite film and modified atmosphere packaging were used to preserve button mushroom quality during storage time. Harvested mushrooms were divided in 2 groups, with and without coating (1% chitosan coating), then packed in 3 types of packages (common, Nano and Nano+MAP packages). Nano+MAP packages were contain 10% O2, 10% CO2 and 80% N2. All samples were placed at 4 °C for 10 days. Physical (moisture and color indecies), chemical (pH and TSS) and mechanical properties (Emod and Fmax) were measured and calculated every other days. In the other hand, O2 and CO2 changes were also measured during storage time. The results showed that chitosan coating, type of packaging, storage time and their mutual effects had significant effects on measured and calculated parameters. Application of nanofilm due to low permeability to O2 and CO2, and also MAP condition had positive effect on control of respiration and preservation of physical, mechanical and chemical properties of mushroom.

Knowing physical and mechanical properties of the flowers is one of the important factors in designing، harvesting and post harvesting machines. A completely randomized design with factorial test was used in this research. Effect of shear speed، flower diameter، blade mode and shear angle on shear strength and shear energy per stem area unit and effect of picking speed and petal diameter on petal and sepal on the tensile strength and energy consumed per unit of area were determined for Rosa damascena Mill. Shear strength was decreased by increasing shear angle from zero to 25 and 45 degree but it was not significant. Energy per unit of stem area and elastic modulus were decreased by increasing shear angle and it was significant at 5% probability level. Increasing shear speed from 150 to 250 mm/min was not significant on decreasing shear strength and elastic modulus but was significant at 5% probability level for 350 mm/min. Energy per unit of stem area was decreased by increasing shear speed. Shear strength، elastic modulus and shear energy per stem area unit were decreased by increasing flower diameter. Two treatments (Picking speed and flower diameter) were not significant on the tensile strength and picking energy per unit for both picking petal and sepal.

Increasing economic role of medicinal herbs in recent society and complexity of modern technologies in production (planting and harvesting), transportation, storage, processing, quality evaluation, distribution, marketing and consumption of these products require a thorough understanding of their physical properties. Coefficient of friction of plant on the various surfaces is needed in designing of silos, storage of agricultural products and handling equipment, such as conveyors, and design of other equipment used in post harvest processing.Experimental: In this study, static coefficient of friction for two values of water content (wet basis) 58% and 53% for rosemary and, 65% and 63% for lavender on three surfaces, galvanized steel, glass and wood was investigate. For this purpose an apparatus made that includes an electrical motor and an optical sensor for precise measurement of the slipping moment of the product and its coefficient of friction. Average values of maximum and minimum of static coefficient of friction that obtained for rosemary at 58 percent of water content were 0.87 on the wood surface and 0.46 on the glass, respectively. While at 53 percent water content, the maximum and minimum average values of coefficient of static friction obtained for rosemary were on wood, 0.66 and glass 0.38, respectively. The minimum average value of coefficient of friction for the lavender at 65 percent water content was 0.66 and on the glass however after the reduction of water content, at 63 percent water content, obtained 0.56 on the glass, too.Industrial and practical recommendations: The understanding of the engineering properties of herbal drugs for creating appropriate industrial procreation methods is of great importance.