فهرست مطالب رضا اکرمی

Biofloc technology is an environmentally aquaculture production system in which nutrients are continuously recycled and reused. In this technology, growth performance, water quality and production costs need to be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate intensive culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in indoor biofloc system (BFT). One biofloc treatment with minimum water exchange and one control with 30% renewal water in triplicates were managed. Fish (40 g in weight) were stocked in 400 L fiberglass tanks at a density of 2 kg/m3 and 18-week experiment was conducted. Mollasses was added to the biofloc tanks at a C:N ratio of 20:1. In this study, biofloc treatment exhibited significantly higher mean total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity, total suspended solid and lower pH than the control (p<0.05). Growth parameters and final biomass did not differ significantly between BFT and control. Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in the control than in the BFT treatment. Water consumption/kg common carp produced in the control was 12 times higher than in the BFT group. It can be concluded that farming common carp in BFT system is more economic in saving great amount of feed and water with minimal discharge of pollutants without negative effects on carp growth.

Due to the limitations of fish oil and its high price, the aquatic feed industry needs to find suitable alternatives to fish oil in the aquaculture industry. So the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement of poultry waste fat instead of dietary fish oil with return to main diet strategy on some growth and blood parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to find a suitable alternative to fish oil. 120 rainbow trout juveniles weighing 50.72±2.13 g were purchased and after the adaptation period, 25 fish in each pond were released in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Control treatment: fed with normal diet, treatment 1: fed with diet containing mixture of fish oil and poultry fat (50/50) for one month and with normal diet in the second month, treatment 2: fed with diet containing poultry fat for one month and with the normal diet in the second month, treatment 3: fed a diet containing a mixture of fish oil and poultry fat (50/50), treatment 4: fed a diet containing poultry fat. At the end of the two-month period, growth indices and food conversion ratio were measured. Also, 6 fish from each treatment were randomly sampled and blood parameters were measured according to standard methods. There was no significant difference between different treatments in terms of growth, nutrition and red blood cell counts. The amount of hemoglobin in treatments 1 and 4 was significantly lower than the control group. The amount of hematocrit in treatment 4 was significantly lower than treatment 1. The number of white blood cells in treatment 4 was significantly lower than other groups. The lowest percentage of lymphocytes and the highest percentage of neutrophils were observed in the treatment 4, so that the amount of this parameter was significant in treatment 4 with other groups. Replacing poultry waste fat with fish oil and re-feeding with the normal diet due to the high ability of rainbow trout to digest food and convert food into tissue can reduce production costs. Therefore, all treatments except treatment 4 are recommended.

To investigate the effects of partial replacement of calf fat and canola oil instead of dietary fish oil on the growth performance and chemical composition of rainbow trout, 250 fish with an average weight of 22.2 ± 0.6 g and a density of 20 fish per 500-liter fiberglass tank were distributed and fed over a 90-day period. Experimental treatments (3 replicates each) were as follows: Treatment 1 (control = T1): adding 100% fish oil to the diet; Treatment 2 (T2): replacement of fish oil with 50% canola oil; Treatment 3 (T3): replacement of fish oil with 50% beef tallow fat; Treatment 4 (T4): replacement of fish oil with 25% beef tallow fat and 25% canola oil. According to the results, the highest rate of weight gain, biomass increase, survival rate and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in the control and T4. The lowest percentage of weight gain, specific growth rate, daily growth index and feed, protein and fat efficiency ratios were measured in T3. According to the results, the protein production and fat production values were the highest in T3, exhibiting significant differences with other experimental treatments. The results showed that the amount of moisture in T3 was significantly lower than in the other treatments. In addition, the amounts of fat in T3 and T4 were significantly higher than in the control and T2. The lowest percentage of protein was observed in T2. In conclusion, using a combination of animal fats with vegetable oils and fish oil has a much better effect compared to using each of them alone with fish oil. Therefore, treatment 4 (replacement of fish oil with 25% beef tallow fat and 25% canola oil) is recommended in terms of the studied parameters.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anthocyanin from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) supplemented diets on growth, survival and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for 60 days. Fish were fed 0 % (control), 0.5 %, 1 %  and 2 % anthocyanin extract in complete random design.  Fifteen fish with the same initial weight (14 ± 0. 1 g) were selected and randomly distributed into experimental treatments in triplicates and were fed 4 % biomass. Growth performance, feed efficiency, survival and body composition were assed at the end of the rearing period. The result showed that there were no significant difference between the control and anthocyanin treatments in final weight, weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR % day-1), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR)  and feed intake (% day-1), although, growth performance and feed efficiency were  higher in anthocyanin 0.5% compared to the other treatments. Morever, There was no significant difference in survival rate between the control and anthocyanin treatments.  No significant differences was observed in nutritional carcass between the control and anthocyanin supplement. No significant differences was observed in AST, ALP and LDH between anthocyanin treatments and control group, although ALT significantly increased in 1% anthocyanin extract.The present study demonstrates that anthocyanins from roselle has no effect on growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of rainbow trout.

An 8-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources and protein levels on mucus immune parameters, hepatic enzymes and intestine lactic acid bacteria loading in biofloc system of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juvenile in intensive culture. Fish fed the feed containing 20 or 30% crude protein including two groups in clear water conditions with no biofloc, two biofloc groups given a molasses as additional carbon source (M), two biofloc groups given rice bran (RB) and two biofloc groups given mixture of molasses + rice bran at equal weight ratio (M+RB). At the end of trial, mucus immune parameters (lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin), hepatic enzymes (LDH, AST, ALT, ALP) and intestine lactic acid bacteria loading were investigated. The results showed that significant improvements in immune parameters were observed in fish fed 30% dietary protein and reared in biofloc condition (P<0.05). Hepatic enzymes and lactic acid bacteria loading significantly improved in fish fed 30% dietary protein and reared in M and M+RB biofloc than control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, using mixture of M+RB as carbon source associated higher protein can be improved immune response, metabolic enzyme and lactobacillus loading in intensive farming of common carp.

To study the effect of Lavandula officinalis essence on growth indices and the blood and immunology parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss, an experiment was conducted as compeletly randomized block design with four treatments in 3 replications. Experimental treatments included 0.5, 1 and 2 ml essence in 1 Kg of diet. Control treatment also was kept without the use of essence and with the same condition compared other treatments. According to the results, the highest percentage increase in weight, length, Special Growth Rate, Survival Percent and Fish Net Production were observed under treatments of 1 and 2 ml essence in 1 Kg of diet. Diatary Conversion Ratio significantly was decreased with an increase of essence values. The highest RBC, WBC, MCHC and Neutrophilis were observed in 2 ml essence in diet. Amount of HB, MCV, MCH, Monocytes and Eosinophils were not affected under different treatments of essence comparison with control. The results showed that immunology system of O. mykiss such as Lysosomal enzymes, SOD, IgM and Total Immunoglobulin of Serum were increased with an increase of essence amounts. Overall, addition of L. officinalis essence especially 1 and 2 ml in O. mykiss diet caused positive and significant effect on some growth indices and the blood and immunology parameters of O. mykiss. This is probably due to the compounds such as phenols, tannins and monoterepen which are present in the L. officinalis essence. Therefore, it is recommended as a dietary supplement in the basal diet.

The effect of different levels of vitamins C and E on growth survival and blood factors were studied on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 9 mixed diet containing 0, 200 and 400 mg / kg of vitamin C and0, 200 and 400 mg / kg vitamin E for 6 weeks were performed in triplicate. Total of 270 common carp with an average weight of 12.29 g were introduced into the 27 number of rearing tanks. At the end of the experiment the fish using cut stem tail vein blood samples were collected. The results showed that the different groups in terms of weight, length and survival observed difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05).The mean length and weight on the diet treated with 400 C + 400 E 6 mg / kg of vitamins. The results showed that the value of FCR, SGR, BWI, ADG and CF difference is not statistically significant (P > 0.05).The results of this study showed that the addition 400 C + 400 E mg / kg of the vitamin would be best growth and survival of common carp.

Inroduction & Objective: The use of natural-origin growth stimulants due to the lack of destructive
environmental impacts has been considered in the past years. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the
effect of lemon verbena, Aloysia triphylla, extract on growth performance, proximate body compositions and
some liver enzymes of rainbow trout juveniles, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Rainbow trout (average weight 25.52 ± 1.31 g) were allocated into 4 groups and
were fed by different levels of plant extract (0, 2.5, 5 and 7 g per kg of diet) spread on commercial diet for 8
weeks. After cultivation, fish was weighted and proximate compositions include moisture, protein, lipid and
ash were analyzed. Also in order to measure liver enzyme like Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase blood was taken. After feeding trial the data obtained was analyzed. Results showed that fish fed experimental
diets had significant deference (P<0.05) in weight gain, specific growth rates, feed efficiency and feed
conversion ratios compared to control. There was no significant difference among treatments in survival
(P>0.05). There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash
content of rainbow trouts fed with diets containing various levels of plant extract. AST, ALT and alkaline
phosphatase did not have significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). Results clearly indicate that the addition of Aloysia triphylla extract up to 7 g per kg of diet is
advisable for rainbow trout because it improved the growth performance and did not have harmful effect on
liver enzymes.

Fish is a potential source of vitamins and minerals and the cooking method play an important role in the final content of nutrients of it. The aim of the present study was to the effects of different cooking methods on the heavy metals, fillet proximate composition and fatty acid composition of Roach (Rutilus rutilus) fillet.

Four cooking methods such as deep frying, baking, steaming, and microwave cooking were applied on the fillet. Determination of the remaining heavy metals of the samples was carried out using atomic absorption. The proximate composition was assessed using the standard methods. To measure the composition of fatty acids, Gas Chromatography method (GC) was applied.

All treated samples had a significant decrease in moisture (frying) and ash (microwave) and a significant increase in fat (frying) and protein (baking). The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ω‐3 fatty acids as well as EPA/DHA content increased in baked samples in comparison to raw fish fillets and other cooked. The frying process caused a significant increase in lead concentration content. While the steaming significantly decreased heavy metals concentration in comparison to raw fish fillets and other cooked.

Considering the increasing of EPA, DHA, and ω‐3/ω‐6 ratio in baked‐cooked and losses of heavy metals in steamed, these two cooking methods are the best cooking method for this type of fish and healthy diet.

Growth, hematological parameters and water quality for great sturgeon (Huso huso), were determined at three different stocking densities and three feeding rates. Stocking density were 1, 1.5 and 2 kg m-2 and feeding rates were 1, 2, and 3% body weight day-1. Sturgeon were offered to 18 tanks and 3×3 experimental design was used with two replicates per treatment. Initial average body weights of the fish were 25 ± 1.5g and were hand-fed a pelleted commercial feed (44 % protein, 20% fat, and 7% ash) twice daily throughout the experiment period. After about 7 weeks of feeding, optimal feeding rate and growth performance was observed in 1 kg m-2 and 3% of body weight day-1 and there were significant difference interaction in stocking density and feeding rate between treatments (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that hematological parameters were not significantly different in all groups (P>0.05). No mortality was abserved during the experiment. Water quality including ammonia (NH3) and dissolved oxygen (DO) showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments affected by different densites and feeding rates, while temperature and pH showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Results show that the optimum feeding rate and stocking density for fishes weighing 25 to 155 would appear at a feeding rate at 3% body weight day-1 with the stocking density 1 kg m-2.

The present study evaluated the effect of dietary waste date meal (WDM) on body chemical composition and fatty acids profile of fingerling cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed with fFour experimental diets with three replicates including control treatment (no additional WDM; T1), 5% WDM (50 gr/kg; T2), 10% WDM (100 gr/kg; T3) and 15% WDM (150 gr/kg; T4). Totally, 168 fish with initial weight of 2.44±0.02 g were fed at a rate of 5 % body weight 3 times per day for 12 weeks. No significant differences were found in body composition among treatments (P>0.05). All of the body fatty acids showed significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05). The highest amounts of MUFA+PUFA, PUFA/SFA, MUFA+PUFA/SFA, ω3, and EPA+DHA were observed in control treatment (T1), and treatment (T2) with 5% WDM showed the lowest amounts of MUFA, PUFA, MUFA+PUFA, PUFA/SFA, MUFA+PUFA/SFA, ω3, ω3/ω6, DHA/EPA and EPA+DHA except for SFA and ω6/ω3 that showed the highest values than other treatments. Atherogenic index (AI) showed no significant differences among different treatments (P>0.05), but significant differences were observed in Thrombogenic index (TI) among different experimental treatments (P<0.05). The 5% WDM and control treatments showed the highest and lowest values of both indices, respectively. Generally, treatments of 10 and 15% WDM (T3 amdT4) showed moderate performance compared to other experimental treatments. In conclusion, diatary WDM can improve the chemical body composition and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contents of common carp fingerlings

Replacement of natural materials with synthetic drugs in order to increase production and safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feed supplemented with ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract on the growth, biochemical and hemato-immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish with an average body weight 14.1±0.2 g were fed diet for 8 weeks with 0.5% and 1% ginger extract and with unsupplemented commercial diet as the control. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein from apparently healthy fish at the end of trial. Growth (weight gain, specific growth ratio and condition factor), hematological (RBC,WBC, Hb, Hct, monocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil), Biochemical (glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin, AST, ALT, LDH and ALP) and immunological (lysozym activity, ACH50,IgM, and SOD) parameters were determined. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in growth, hematological, biochemical and metabolic enzymes between fish fed control and ginger extract supplementation. The lowest level of cortisol was observed in 0.5% ginger extract (p<0.05). Lysozyme activity was significantly increased in 0.5% ginger extract fed fish (p<0.05). The results suggest that by using 0.5% ginger extract there will be an improvement in growth and immune function of rainbow trout

Our study was concentrated on the effect of garlic peel on haematological parameters, biochemistry and digestive enzymes on beluga juvenile (Huso huso) with mean body weight of 18. 41 ± 0. 89 g after the feeding trial for 90 days. Garlic peel powder added with 0%, %0.5, %1, %1.5 and %2 of feed to basic sturgeon diet (49% protein and 14% lipid). ultimately, haematological parameters, biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity were evaluated. Results showed that the hemoglobin (Hb) was remarkably greater in the treatment fed garlic peel diet in comparison with the control (p<0.05), while others blood indices did not significant differences (p>0.05) between juveniles fed control and garlic peel supplementation diets. The group fed 1.5% garlic peel showed highly significant different in total protein (p<0.05). However, Glucose, triglyceride, total lipid, cholesterol, ALP and ALT were significantly decrease in the juvenile fish fed by the 1.5% garlic peel diet compare to the control (p<0.05).The fish treated with 1.5% garlic peel exhibited significantly increase in amylase, protease and lipase compare to the control (p<0.05), but trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin were not affected (p>0.05). These results indicated that garlic peel powder in 1.5% level, improved blood indices and digestive enzymes activity of beluga sturgeon.

This research was carried out to survey the ffects of dietary of Lentinula edodes mushroom extract as a feed supplement on growth performance and survival rate, immune response, hematological and biochemical characteristics of beluga juvenile (Huso huso). Four hundred and fifty fish after acclimation with average weight of 40.45 ± 5.72 g were fed in a wholly randomized design in 5 treatments (basic diet containing 0% (control), 00.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% L. edodes mushroom extract) and 3 replicates. During the experiment (56 days), a total of eight samples were taken in 8 weeks. The mean of data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test at 5% level. Results indicated that administration of 2% of mushroom extract for 8 weeks improved weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of beluga (P<0.05). Among the investigated hematological indices, Supplementing 2% L. edodes resulted in increased levels of the erythrocytes (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct) in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). At the end of the assay, there were significant decreased in some of the biochemical parameters (Cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) in the treatments containing mashroom extract (P <0.05). Also the activity of serum lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) Among immune parameters studied were increased in group of 2% of L. edodes compared to other treatments (P <0.05). These results indicated that the addition of supplemental mashroom extracts, especially at 2% level to the beluga juveniles diet, were improved the growth performance, some hematological and biochemical parameters and immune response of beluga juvenile.

This study was performed to examine the efficiency of garlic peel on growth and non-specific immunological parameters of juvenile Great Sturgeon (H. huso). Fish were divided into 4 groups before fed with diets containing 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% garlic peel and unsupplemented commercial diet as the control for 90 days. At the end of the trial, serum samples were collected from caudal stem of apparently healthy fish. Results showed that there was a significant difference in weight gain in fish fed with 1.5% garlic peel powder diet compared to the control, while no significant differences were observed in condition factor, feed conversion ratios and specific growth rate between juveniles fed with control and garlic peel supplements. In addition, alternative complement activity (ACH50), serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity were not significantly different in garlic peel fed fish. As a conclusion, the results suggest that the growth and immune function of juvenile beluga might be improved by using 1.5% of garlic peel extract.

Single or combined effects of medicinal plants, garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) powders on hepatosomatic index, body composition, digestive enzymes and resistance rate in Sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) fry were investigated for 8 weeks. Biomar diet (54% protein and 18% lipid) supplemented with 0 (control), 1% garlic, 1% ginger and 1% garlic 1% ginger in a totally randomized design trial in triplicate. A total of 240 fingerlings of 3.80 ± 0.31 (g) average weight were randomly distributed in 12 tanks. Results showed that there were significant differences in hepatosomatic index among treatments (p>0.05). Significant difference was observed in body composition (p>0.05), as protein and lipid contents in the whole body increased in fish fed with garlic/ginger and ginger groups. Lipase enzyme activity increased significantly in garlic/ginger and ginger groups compared to control group. The highest amylase enzymes activity was observed in ginger group (p

Identify potential environmental Given the existing infrastructure and create, maintain existing use and protection of the land uses are incompatible, control and reduction of environmental pollutants and chemicals, increased productivity and increased production per unit area and increased utilization of financial resources and credibility, reduce stress reducing the environmental and other aquatic diseases and reduce the risks of the main results Mybashd.chra that the -Sngyn metals due to several effects, including growth retardation, behavior, genetic changes, Flzat-Sngyn toxic, accumulate in Znjyrh-Ghzayy in Akvsystm-Hay water and tissues of fish and the importance of issues My-Grdd.hdf assess the health of human beings of this study, the appropriate zones aquaculture in the catchment area of ​​Gorgan Gulf, with respect to all the parameters of ecological power, economic power, social infrastructure and health risks of heavy metals. The effort to adopt a standard way in the modern world, a good way to identify and zoning areas suitable for aquaculture in the Gulf of Gorgan find that if you reach the specified targets across the province interoperability and aquaculture production and provide a coherent plan paved the way.

An 8- week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary betain as a feed attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance rate on kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) fingerling. 225 fish by the initial weight of 2.26±0.2 g and density of 15 fish per tank. Five treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control),0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% added to diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid. According to the results of this study, no significant differences in growth performance and feeding parameters observed between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets . No significant differences in survival rate among all treatment groups . There were no significant differences in body composition among all treatment groups . Resistance rate were not influenced by the levels of betain . Totally considering betain did not show significant effect on the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in kutum fingerling.

Introduction Bans and restrictions of antibiotics as feed additives in fish culture in many countries have resulted in the increase in studies on alternative dietary supplements such as prebiotics to enhance the health and production of cultured fish. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon. In addition, prebiotics promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria that are beneficial to health and lessen the density of pathogenic microorganisms. Because of the conservation of immune system, it is suggested that alternate administration of different immunostimulants may activate different parts of immune system of shrimps and take advantage of different immunostimulants to solve the problem of immunity fatigue and enhance the immunity continuously. However, there is no report on the discontinuous administration of immunostimulants for rainbow trout. Thus, considering the strategic importance of this species, the goal of this study was to assess the effects of discontinuous administration of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and β-1,3-glucan on hematological and blood serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout.
Materials and Methods A 6-week trial was conducted to compare the effects of discontinuous administration of dietary mannan oligosaccharide and β-1,3-glucan on hematological and blood serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Four feeding strategies were set, including feeding prebiotic-free diet continuously (control), feeding dietary prebiotic continuously (1.5 g kg-1), feeding dietary alternately (one week prebioticꉷ week control diet and 2 Day prebiotic Day control diet). Juveniles were fed the experimental diet in rate of 4% of the body weight per day, spread across two feeding time. At the end of the experiment, three fish were sampled randomly from each tank and were anesthetized with clove solution, and blood was drawn from the caudal vein, using a syringe. Then, blood samples were introduced to both heparinized and non-heparinized tubes in order to perform haematological and biochemical studies, respectively. Blood sera were obtained by centrifuging blood samples at 3000 rpm for 5 min, and the sera were removed with a disposable transfer pipette and stored at -20ºC until analysis for biochemical and hematological studies. The determined Parameters were the number of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hematocrit (PCV), and hemoglobin (Hb). Differential white blood cell counts, including neutrophiles (heterophiles), lymphocytes and monocytes were also identified. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance using SPSS. Differences between means were determined using Duncan’s multiple test (P

This study investigated the Onion Powder (OP) supplementation in the diet of the Gold fish (Carassius auratus) on the growth survival rate and feed efficiency that were carried out in eight weeks experimental period. Fish averaging 1.16 ± 0.09 g were randomly stocked into aquarium. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain onion powder at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% for diets. In order to adapted to experimental condition. The optimal growth performance and feed efficiency were observed in fish fed the 0.5% onion powder diet. The highest survival rate in fish fed the 0.5% onion powder diet compared with the control (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS; activeMOS®) on haematological and biochemical parameters of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles. Fish fed during 60 days with a basal diet supplemented with 1، 2. 5 and 4 g/kg g kg-1 MOS. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein of 36 apparently healthy fish at the end of trial and Data was analysed by regression analysis and pearson correlation test. There were no significant differences in serum enzymes activity between treatments (P>0. 05). There were no differences in the glucose، cholesterol، triglyceride، uric acid، total protein and bilirobine between treatments (P>0. 05). but the level of WBC significantly higher in the group fed 1g/kg g kg-1 MOS than other groups (P<0. 05). A non significant elevation of haematocrit، haemoglobin level and lymphocyte was found in the fish fed diet 1 g/kg g kg-1mannan oligosaccharide (P>0. 05). The results indicate that dietary administration of mannan oligosaccharide at the level of 1 g/kg g kg-1 can positively influence on some blood parameters of juvenile rainbow trout.

Dietary garlic oil on haematological, immunity and blood serum biochemichal parameters of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio )
was evaluated after 45 days feeding. Garlic oil was added at a level of 250 mg kg-1 to the commercial pellet diet (39% protein & 18% lipid). Blood samples were collected from caudal vein of 36 apparently healthy fish at the end of trial. The results showed that adding garlic oil to the ration of carp caused improved blood indices although there were no significant differences between fish fed garlic oil & control group. An elevation of total protein and albumin (P>0.05) were found in the fish fed diet garlic oil. The lowest amount of glucose and cholesterol were observed in diet with garlic oil without significant difference (P>0.05). While triglyceride was decreased significantly in fish fed diet with garlic oil (P<0.05). Lyzosyme activity, alternative complement activity (ACH50) and serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) were significantly increased in garlic oil fed group compared with the control group (P<0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplementation of garlic oil improved haematological, biochemical and immunity parameters of common carp juveniles.

The pollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has always been a major concern for the aquatic organisms and human health. Measuring the levels of contaminants such as heavy metal (Pb) accumulated along the food chain (fish) and then transmitted to the human body is of particular interest. Concentrations of heavy metal (Pb) were measured in the water, sediment and fish species (Liza aurata) from the Gomishan Wetland, Iran. Samples of water, sediment and fish were collected during two periods: summer (2013) and winter (2014). The result revealed thatPb concentration was varied significantly among sediment, water and fish body, the average Pb concentrations in sediment, water and fish in both seasons was in the order sediment > fish >water, Pb concentration was varied significantly among gills, liver and muscle tissues of fish samples in any station and in both seasons was in the order gill > muscle >liver. These values were lower than the established standard for aquatic environment by W.H.O and F.A.O. The results indicated that the consumer of fish and water from the stream is not at risk of being poison by this metal.