رضا جوانشیر

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the cessation of ovarian function in women under 40. One of the mechanisms involved in the induction of POI is oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of caffeic acid on the morphometrical changes of ovarian follicles of POI model mice.

Thirty-two female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): 1) Control group (cont), 2) Caffeic acid group (CAF), 3) Premature ovarian insufficiency group (POI), and 4) Premature ovarian insufficiency + Caffeic acid group (POI+CAF). POI was induced through daily subcutaneous injections of D-galactose (200 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Caffeic acid (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was injected daily for 4 weeks from 15th day. One day after the last injection, the mice were anesthetized and the ovaries were removed. Then, the morphometric changes of ovarian follicles were examined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining.

The results showed that D-Galactose-induced POI significantly decreases the diameter of primary, secondary, and antral follicles (P<0.05). Administration of caffeic acid in the POI+CAF group significantly prevented the reduction of follicle diameter (P<0.05).

The results showed that caffeic acid can prevent the reduction of the diameter of ovarian follicles in POI model mice.

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) refers to the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. This condition can be attributed to various factors including X chromosome abnormalities, autoimmune disorders, and chemotherapy drugs. Hormone therapy is a commonly used treatment for POI, but due to side effects and low fertility rates, alternative treatment options are needed. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment approach, offering hope for improving and restoring ovarian function. Stem cells possess the unique ability of self-renewal and regeneration, making them potentially effective in addressing ovarian failure and subsequent infertility. Different types of stem cells have been investigated for the treatment of POI, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stem cells from extraembryonic tissues, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and ovarian stem cells. This article aims to provide an overview of the causes and treatment options for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency, with a particular focus on stem cell therapy as suggested by previous studies. Corresponding Author: Hossein Kalarestaghy, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

In Iran Khodro Khorasan، inventory replenishment policy of some items is based on certain simple model (Wilson model). Sometimes because of some reasons، goods reception may not be achieved at the planned time. This state is called as critical situation because the production line is on the eve of stop. The purpose of this paper is to present different inventory replenishment policies in critical situation. For each policy، the cost function that includes cost of line stop، ordering cost، holding cost and transportation cost has been modeled and through its minimization، vehicle type and optimal order quantity have been determined. This model has been used numerically for two items of Iran Khodro Khorasan. Findings show that applying the proposed policy leads to saved cost compared to the current policy of Iran Khodro Khorasan.