فهرست مطالب رضا حاجی حسینی

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system. It is crucial to prevent and treat this disease. One of the objectives in treating Alzheimer's disease is to impede the function of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. Phloretin and trilobatin are natural polyphenolic dihydrochalcone compounds. Trilobatin is the glycosylated derivative of phloretin. Studies have indicated the efficacy of these compounds in enhancing learning and memory as well as neuroprotective properties. The effect of these compounds on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity has been investigated in this study. The results were compared in terms of inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism of interaction for each compound. It was found that phloretin and trilobatin inhibited enzyme activity by 42% and 25%, respectively. Prediction of compounds ADMET parameters was done. Molecular docking was utilized to survey the binding mode of compounds, interaction type, and calculate the binding free energy. According to the molecular docking result, the mean binding free energy for the enzymes' interaction with phloretin and trilobatin was calculated to be -6.64(±0.35) and -5.92(±0.93) kcal/mol, respectively. The presence of a glycosylated group in the trilobatin structure increases the number of rotatable bonds, hydrophilicity, and steric hindrance. It seems that these factors reduce the inhibition activity of trilobatin against enzyme in comparison to phloretin. Based on the presented study, these compounds generally don’t have high inhibitory activity, but they can be regarded as key components in the development of novel anti-Alzheimer's drugs or as components of natural anti-Alzheimer's supplements.

Microbial lipases are an important group of enzymes with biotechnology value. In the present research, an attempt was made to isolate and identify lipase-producing microbial strains from industrial wastewater samples. After taking samples from sewage and sewage from different places,16 colonies were isolated from these samples. The isolates were cultured in a specific culture medium containing Tween80 to check the ability to produce lipase enzyme. Enzyme activity was determined using the light absorption curve. In order to identify the isolates molecularly, ribotyping was performed. For this purpose, the DNA of the isolates was extracted and PCR was performed with the help of 16SrRNA gene primers. The PCR product was sequenced and the strains were identified using sequence blast in the NCBI database. Out of a total of 16 isolates, ten strains (62.5%) were able to produce lipase enzyme as a result of creating a transparent halo in the culture medium of the lipid test. Among these, two isolates with the same halo formation rate and source of isolation, which had the highest growth and activity after 144 hours were selected from the culture. Enzyme activity values for bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse effluent and garage effluent ranged from 2.99 to 22.65 and 3.73to 39.2 units/ml, respectively. Due to their very high lipase activity compared to the strains introduced in other researches, Aeromonas veroni and Copriavidus metallidurans bacteria are suggested as very suitable and efficient strains for the biological treatment of wastewater.

Bromocriptine is used as an effective drug for patients with hyperplrolactinemia. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme of thyrocytes membrane. The enzyme has a gret role in formation of T4 and T3 by oxidizing tyrosine residues in thyroglobulines. In this study, samples were collected from two groups of women with hyperprolactinemia over a period of 10 months. The first group includes 25 normal clients and individuals which is known as euthyroid (with normal thyroid function and normal levels of thyroid gland hormones) in the age range of 30-37 years (samples 1 to 25) and the second group includes 25 other persons with the same condition in the age range of 38-45 years (samples 26 to 50). Both groups used only bromocriptine tablets as drug treatment with the dose of 5mg/day in a period of at least 6 months. The levels of anti TPO antibodies which is directly proportional to levels of the enzyme, measured both before and after the treatment with bromocriptine. In most cases bromocriptine treatment caused a decrease in levels of TPO enzyme antibodies. In current study, effectivenes of bromocriptine on TPO levels was confirmed by statistical assays.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and high-risk HPV types cause about five percent of all cancers worldwide. The chemical drugs used to treat this disease are expensive and have many side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. In this regard, the E6 protein, which is a key protein in the initiation of cervical cancer and plays a role in the degradation of P53, was selected as an essential drug target. In this research, two new potential inhibitors named beta-sitosterol (CID_222284) and loncocarpenin (CID_54699185) were identified as potent inhibitors of E6 HPV-16 from the PubChem library by high-throughput virtual screening. Molecular dynamics results show that these compounds bind to E6 protein with high stability. The preparation of ADMET and Swiss ADME profiles indicates that the identified compounds are probably potential candidates against E6 HPV-16 and can be used in chemotherapy by inhibiting the Pgp channel as an adjuvant drug.

Colorectal cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease resulting from metabolome pattern alterations of many metabolites and their genetic factor interactions in man. Chemotherapy in colorectal cancer is generally followed by multiple side effects, including drug resistance; It is well established that herbal medicines are gaining worldwide interest in treating many cancers. Vitexin is an apigenin flavone glycoside present in hawthorn has exhibited therapeutic properties. This study was performed to assess the antitumor properties of Vitexin on the expression of p53, KRAS, and APC genes and the metabolome profile alterations associated with these genetic modifications.

Experimental: 

Cells were treated with different concentrations of Vitexin, and toxicity and cell growth inhibition were ascertained in vitro using the MTT assay method. Cells were treated with Vitexin, and gene expression was determined. Following metabolome 1HNMR spectroscopy with 1D NOESY protocol and the resulting spectra scrutinized to classify differentiated metabolites and their biochemical pathways. Integrative systems biology analysis software examined the metabolites and the genes, and the main pathways modulated by gene expression were identified.

Our finding revealed that a 50% inhibitory concentration for Vitexin was 16.32 μM, while the relative expression of tumor suppressor genes APC and p53 in treated cells enhanced and the expression of the KRAS oncogene gene decreased significantly compared to the control group. The crucial changes in convergent metabolic phenotype with genes were identified in this investigation.

Recommended applications/industries: 

Our findings revealed that Vitexin exhibits antitumor properties by targeting a specific biochemical pathway in the cell's metabolome profile due to changes in genes involved in colon cancer.

Metal oxide nanoparticles, including Nano-silver, have antimicrobial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Nano-silver obtained from different parts of Saffron on Acinetobacter baumannii has always been identified as one of the most important nosocomial infections. In this study, saffron stigma, stamens, and petals were prepared, only stamens and petals caused the synthesis of Nano-silver. The diameter of Nanosilver was measured using TEM, then its effect on Acinetobacter baumannii was investigated by Disk and Well diffusion, MBC, and MIC methods. The results of the Disk diffusion method and the well diffusion method showed that with increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles, the diameter of the bacterial growth aura increases. Also, the average MBC and MIC for saffron petal Nano-silver are 781 ppm and 390 ppm, respectively, and for saffron stamens Nano-silver, 3125 ppm, and 1562 ppm, respectively. It can be concluded that the petals and stamens of saffron reduce silver ions well and cause the synthesis of silver Nano-silver. The resulting Nano-silver also had a lethal effect on Acinetobacter baumannii. The abundance of saffron in Iran can be a good option for the production of Nano-silver.

Nepeta cataria L. and Salvia sclarea L. are two species of Lamiacea family and endangered species in Yazd province of Iran. For this the reason we studied callus induction and shoot regeneration of these species and MWCNTs effects on them to improve the proliferation rate. In order to callus formation MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg l-1 Kin and 1 mg l-1 NAA were used. For shoot regeneration, MS containing 0.1 mg l-1 IAA and 1 mg l-1 BA were applied. Concentrations of carbon nanotubes at 0, 20, 60, 80 and 200 µg ml-1 MWCNTs in regeneration and callus induction media were used in both species. The results showed significant differences between using MWCNTs and control in callus induction and shoot regeneration rate. The most callus mass of N. cataria with 20 µg ml-1 was 304 mm3 whereas controls was 117.75 mm3. The highest callus mass of S. sclarea with 80 µg ml-1 MWCNTs was 414 mm3, but in controls was 182.15 mm3. Using of 20 µg ml-1 MWCNTs with 6.17 shoots per explants was the best shoot regeneration in N. catari and treatment by 80 µg ml-1 MWCNTs had the lowest regeneration rate. Using concentration of 80µg ml-1 MWCNTs with 4.2 shoots per explants led to maximum proliferation and the least regeneration was 1.85 shoots in 200 µg ml-1 MWCNTs treatment of S. sclarea. It seems that the effect of MWCNTs on propagation may be dose dependent, high concentrations of nanotubes reduce callus formation and shoot regeneration in these plants.

Drugs prescribed for the treatment of various diseases have side effects on various organs, including thyroid gland. Bromocriptine mesylase (bromocriptine) is a semi-synthetic alkaloid with high dopaminergic activity that directly stimulates dopamine neurotransmitters. In this study, samples were taken from two groups of patients over a period of 10 months. The first group included 25 normal clients and individuals which was known as euthyroid (with normal thyroid function with normal levels of thyroid gland) in the age range of 30-37 years (samples 1 to 25) and the second group included 25 other people with the same condition in the age range of 38-45 years (samples 26 to 50). Both groups used only bromocriptine tablets as drug treatment with the dose of 5mg/day in a period of at least 6 months. Based on the results, the levels of T3 and T4 hormones decreased significantly after treatment with bromocriptine. TSH levels showed a relative decrease in both age groups after treatment with bromocriptine. In this study, the effectiveness of bromocriptine on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones T4, T3 and T-Uptake was confirmed by making statistically significant changes. Bromocriptine treatment appeared to affect two thyroid functions at two points, including the effect on TSH production by the hypothalamic axis as well as the disruption of T4 to T3 conversion in peripheral tissues.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Delay in diagnosis and lack of screening are the main causes of high mortality from this disease. Finding an accurate and effective diagnostic biomarker seems to be essential for effective treatment of GC. In this regard, using a gastroscope, we collected tissue samples from patients with GC and healthy individuals. The obtained samples were used to extract their RNA using Trizol solution kit. RNA samples were used for qRT-PCR using specific primers designed for BTG1 and GAPDH genes. QRT-PCR results were analyzed using 2-ΔCt method and various statistical tests using SPSS software. In total, 40 samples of GC and healthy controls were collected and their demographic information was recorded. RNA extraction produced the amount of RNA required for qRT-PCR. The qRT-PCR results showed that BTG1 expression was significantly decreased in GC samples. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the reduction of BTG1 expression can act as an accurate biomarker for GC. This gene can also be an indicator of GC pathogenicity. These results could indicate possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications of BTG1 for GC.

The emergence of personalized medicine based on molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, has increased our understanding of drivers of complex diseases, including cancers. In many cases due to the complexity of cancer, it is difficult for human physicians and biologists to make decisions on the basis solely of clinical practice or laboratory evidence. Thus, the personalized medicine approach comes into play and provides large volumes and valuable data for experts. Further, data analysis with bioinformatic tools has opened a new horizon in the process of prognosis and screening of in risk individuals. It has caused significant recent advances in diagnostic technology and improved targeted treatments. In the present study, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from an Iranian female patient with invasive breast carcinoma was investigated. In this way, after DNA extraction and purification, the whole exome was sequenced and the mutation data were analyzed. Obtained information could help to the enrichment of the Iranian genome databases. In the light of this research and by studying other Iranian samples, we can provide an optimized roadmap for precision oncologists to increase the life expectancy of breast cancer patients.

The emergence of personalized medicine based on molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, has increased our understanding of drivers of complex diseases, including cancers. In many cases due to the complexity of cancer, it is difficult for human physicians and biologists to make decisions on the basis solely of clinical practice or laboratory evidence. Thus, the personalized medicine approach comes into play and provides large volumes and valuable data for experts. Further, data analysis with bioinformatic tools has opened a new horizon in the process of prognosis and screening of in risk individuals. It has caused significant recent advances in diagnostic technology and improved targeted treatments. In the present study, archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from an Iranian female patient with invasive breast carcinoma was investigated. In this way, after DNA extraction and purification, the whole exome was sequenced and the mutation data were analyzed. Obtained information could help to the enrichment of the Iranian genome databases. In the light of this research and by studying other Iranian samples, we can provide an optimized roadmap for precision oncologists to increase the life expectancy of breast cancer patients.

Urate oxidase or uricase (UOX) (EC 1.7.3.3) is an globular tetramer oxidoreductase enzyme which lacks cofactor. Much research on this enzyme has been done so far due to its biomedical applications as a therapeutic and diagnostic agent. Urate oxidase catalyzes uric acid degradation and produces allantoin. An imbalance in the excretion of uric acid causes the hyperuricemia. Part of a clinically important diagnostic kit used to measure the concentration of uric acid in the blood is the enzyme uricase. In this research, efforts are made to investigate the effect of triethylammonium maleate (TEAM) ionic liquid on the function of urate oxidase (UOX). Ionic liquids are salts with important properties like high thermal stability, high solvating capacity and high polarity. These salts have been considered in biochemical and biomedical fields. They can also be utilized as a stabilizer for long-term protein storage and they can extend the shelf life of some proteins such as therapeutic or industrial proteins. In this study, we treated the enzyme in different concentrations of triethylammonium maleate ionic liquid. The volume percentages of TEAM in the solvent phase are 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The results indicate that TEAM has a concentration-dependent effect on the activity of UOX enzyme. The use of 5% TEAM ionic liquid increased the enzymatic activity in comparison to untreated enzyme. We concluded that this ionic liquid was able to alter the structure of the uricase in a way that increased the activity and improve its catalytic efficiency of uricase.

In traditional medicine, Zizyphus jujuba (jujube) has been used due to its medicinal properties and various physiological functions such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was conducted to study anti-cancer and apoptotic effects of essential oil from Zizyphus jujuba seeds and to evaluate the effect of essential oils on p53, APC and KRAS genes expression in HT-29 colorectal cell line.

In this study, the essential oil of jujube seeds collected from orchards in Isfahan was prepared by Clevenger apparatus and then analyzed by GC-MS. The effects of toxicity and cell viability were determined using Trypan Blue, MTT and clonogenic methods. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis techniques were used to evaluate the mechanism of the effects of essential oil on cell death by flow cytometry. Finally, Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression of p53, APC and KRAS genes and their role in induction of apoptosis.

Essential oil of Zizyphus jujuba seeds reduced the viability of cells by concentration and time-dependent manner as compared to the control group. The essential oil also induced apoptosis by increasing gene expression p53 and suppressing gene expression KRAS.

The present results indicated that essential oil of Zizyphus jujuba seeds induces apoptosis by targeting genes involved in colon carcinogenesis. However, further investigations on signaling pathways are needed to fully confirm the results of this study.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that can affect the structure, stability, and function of proteins. Researchers have recently been interested in finding ionic liquids that increase the stability, activity and solubility of enzymes. In this study, efforts are made to investigate the effect of triethylammonium propionate (TEAP) on the function of urate oxidase (UOX). We treated the enzyme in different concentrations of TEAP. The volume percentages of TEAP in the solvent phase are 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The results  indicate that TEAP has a concentration-dependent effect on the activity of UOX enzyme. The use of 1% TEAP ionic liquid increased the enzymatic activity in comparison to untreated enzyme. We concluded that  this ionic liquide was able to alter the structure of the uricase in a way that increased the activity and improve its catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Also the thermodynamic prameters such as ΔG#, ΔH#, and ΔS# values indicate that the use of 1% of triethylammonium propionate increases the thermostability of uricase and reduces the conformational changes of this enzyme during thermal inactivation process.

Coronavirus by one kind of its surface proteins (spike protein) locks onto the human cells surface receptors and after entering and replication of its RNA in the host cells causes immune responses. Briefly, a vaccine that may be weakened or inactivated virus, provokes the immune system to be ready to fight an invasive pathogen. So far, various technologies have been applied to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 all over the world. Such vaccines including “Nucleic acid vaccines”, “Viral-vector vaccines” and protein-based vaccines”.

The rabies virus infection leads to 60,000 deaths worldwide each year and is considered an economic and social hazard. Although our knowledge of the rabies virus replication and its interaction with the host cell is in its infancy, it helps us design optimal drugs and vaccines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, nitric oxide (NO) chemical composition and NF-κB gene activity as biomarkers of oxidative stress response in brain tissue of mice infected with street rabies virus.

In this experimental study, 16 21-day-old outbred mice were divided into two groups of healthy and experimental (n=8). After determining the titer of rabies virus, the mice in the experimental group received 0.03 ml of rabies virus with LD50 intracerebrally (IC) using Hamilton 0.25 ml syringe. To evaluate the changes of catalase, NO, and SOD enzymes, test kit and colorimetric method were used and NF-kB activity was evaluated by Real-Time PCR according to Sdha gene.

In this study, catalase activity in the brains of infected mice (0.14±0.007) was significantly reduced compared to healthy mice (control) (0.67±0.008) (p=0.01). In this experimental study, the SOD activity in the brains of infected mice (3±0.2 nmol/min/ml) was significantly reduced compared to healthy mice (control) (5.7 nmol/min/ml) (p=0.035). Evaluation of NO accumulation in the brain tissue of the infected group (9.0±0.04 mU/mg) was significantly increased compared to the healthy group (9.04±0.03 mU/mg) (p=0.025). Furthermore, the expression level of NF-κB in the brain of the mice infected with rabies virus was one tenth of the expression of this gene in the brain of healthy mice.

The results showed that rabies virus decreased the activity of catalase and SOD enzymes and increased nitric oxide. Furthermore, NF-κB expression decreased in the brain of mice infected with rabies virus, which may be due to the effect of the virus on the cellular signaling pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic body reaction to invasive microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi It has also been a systemic response to severe infections it is one of the top ten main causes of death among all patients admitted to the hospital.  Multiple potential drug therapies have been investigated, but as yet there is no known effective pharmacological treatment for sepsis. Therefore, the effect of aspirin as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment and reduction of sepsis effects on parameters involved in oxidative damage to liver tissue has been investigated. For this purpose, the experimental inflammatory model was used in this study, so that the mice were divided into four groups (4 people). The first group - control group, the second group-LAP group (laparotomy), the third group-CLP group; Group 4 - Aspirin treatment group with a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight orally once a day for 48 hours after induction of CLP in rats and blood samples were collected from their hearts. In the next step, the animals are killed and the liver tissue is separated for histological and biochemical studies. Separated liver tissue, to test for COX2 gene expression; The Real-Time pCR technique was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and Anova test. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Our results showed that the treatment of animals with aspirin is effective in regulating antioxidant and inflammatory parameters. Also, the findings indicate that in liver tissue, aspirin has the greatest effect on reducing gene expression. Pathological studies have also shown that sepsis causes damage to liver tissue that can be reduced by these methods. Finally, sepsis causes oxidative damage to liver tissue and the use of aspirin is effective in preventing and improving these injuries.

Fermented beverage, traditionally the result of the fermentation of sweet tea by Kombucha fungus, has beneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of different fractions of Kombucha tea on proliferation and apoptosis on colon cancer cell line HT-29. In the present experimental study, the survival rate and cell proliferation of Kumbucha tea solvent fractions including chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, hexane, and the final aqueous phase at concentrations of 0-900 μg/ ml were investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay. The rate of apoptosis induction was assessed by DNA fragmentation assay and flowcytometry. The aqueous and butanol fractions had no cytotoxic effects. After 24 hours, the IC50 for ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane was determined 213/49±1/63, 296/70±2/11 and 563/2±83/29 μg/ml, respectively. The results revealed that inhibition of cell growth was dose-dependent. The concentration of IC50 in these fractions caused the DNA to fragment. Apoptosis analysis by flowcytometry with these concentrations showed that the ethyl acetate component caused apoptosis while the death caused by IC50 concentrations of chloroform and hexane fractions was more than necrosis. The dose-dependent ethyl acetate fraction of Kambucha tea induced cell death through the apoptotic pathway and it was observed to be responsible for the anti-apoptotic and anti-proliferative properties. It seems to be a good candidate to prevent the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and is the cause of many deaths in humans. But by controlling the risk factors in diabetics, its complications can be largely prevented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Oligopin plant extract on the control of systolic blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes.

This recent study was performed as a clinical trial with selective double-sided blind sampling (patient-therapist) and comparative supplementation and placebo. The study population consisted of 30 women with type 2 diabetes with a history of mild to moderate systolic blood pressure who took a supplement or placebo in two groups of 15 for six weeks, simultaneously with drug therapy. Blood pressure was measured and recorded using the same digital sphygmomanometer. In order to control the normality of data distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and then the data were analyzed by paired t-test.

The mean systolic blood pressure in the supplement group before the test was 138 mm Hg and after the test was 131.9 mm Hg and in the placebo group before the test was 134.1 mm Hg and after the test was 134.4 mm Hg. The decrease in systolic blood pressure was significant in the supplement group (P = 0.022) but there were no significant changes in the placebo group.

Concomitant daily use of 100 mg Oligopin supplement for six weeks as adjunctive therapy is effective in reducing systolic blood pressure in women with type 2 diabetes.

The Bacillus race is one of the most important producers of amylase in the last few decades due to its high ability to produce excess enzymes. Despite the fact that domestic research is ongoing, the production of this enzyme is not yet possible. Therefore, it is important to study and find an appropriate environment for producing this enzyme at the lowest cost and maximum efficiency.In this study, amylase production environments were provided with a source of carbonaceous molasses of sugar cane and whey with different concentrations and Bacillus lichen formis were cultured in each one. Following the drawing of the standard Bradford curve and Nitrosalicylic acid test, total protein and enzyme activity was evaluated every 24 hours.The results of total protein and amylase activity analysis from Bacillus licheniformis showed that the most productive and enzymatic activity was related to the sugar beet molasses medium at a concentration of 1/2 of the total environment at 50 ° C and after It is 72 hours after the cultivation. The amount of protein and enzyme activity in the whey was much less than that of the molasses. It can be concluded that the medium containing cane molasses can be a good environment for the production of amylase enzyme in the enzyme production industry.

Biodiesel methyl ester or ethyl ester is a natural oil that is very similar to diesel and can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Micro-algae are able to produce and store high amounts of lipids. In this research, the production of biodiesel fuel from microalgae was investigated in a biofilm and some of its physical and chemical properties were determined.this study, a mixture of microalgae cultured from stagnant water was compared in a photobioreactor at two light intensities of 8000 and 16000 lux and the amount of biomass produced. The biomass produced under the light intensity of 8000 lux after isolation and drying was subjected to a direct trans-esterification process and biodiesel was produced.Analysis of biodiesel constituents of fatty acids was determined using GC / MS. Some biodiesel characteristics, such as density, cloudy point, spin point, and freezing point, were also studied. The light intensity of 8000 lux was superior to the magnitude of doubling of cells, specific growth rate and biomass production compared to 16000 lux light intensity, and was used to produce microalgae biomass. The results of GC / MS showed that biodiesel resulting from transesterification of lipid micro-algae contained 50. 31% saturated fatty acid and 49.69% unsaturated fatty acid. Pallic acid saturated fatty acids (C16: 0) with 39.16%, acetatanic acid (C18: 0), 65.6%, arachidic acid (0.72% C20: 0%), margaric acid (0.17% C17: 0%) and acids The unsaturated linoleic fat (C18: 2) with 27.47%, acidulic acid (C18: 1) with 20.04 and palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) formed 25.2% biodiesel. The produced biodiesel was 0.853 g / cm3 and the cloud was cloudy and its dropping point was 3- and 10 ° C.The results of the study showed that the microalgae culture in the photobiovert can be minimized by minimizing the cost and time. Also, fatty acid profiles and biodiesel physical properties indicated that the micro-algae biodiesel was of high quality and direct steady-state exchange could be a good option for producing biodiesel, as compared to other methods.

Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease for which there are currently no disease-modifying drugs available. Osteoarthritis (OA) affects most of the elderly population, the main features of which are cartilage damage. Degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix is a central feature of the disease and is widely thought to be mediated by proteinases that degrade structural components of the matrix. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of human zinc endopeptidases that play significant roles in inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis.

In this experiential laboratory study. punicic acid of pomegranate seed oil was purchased from Clarodan Kerman Co,. THP-1 cells (Pasteur Institute of Iran) were cultured and administered with concentration of 8 to 100 μg/ml (in 24h, 48h, and 72h). Cellular toxicity of punicic acid against THP-1 was estimated using the MTT assay and to measure the inhibitory effects of PA on Matrix metalloproteinase proteinase activity, ELISA and Western blot, migration and invasion tests were performed. Data were analyzed using T.student and ANOVA.

Western blotting and ELISA showed inhibitory effect of punicic acid on the expression of MMP-1 but not in MMP-3. Punicic acid of pomegranate seed oil shows the most cellular toxicity effect at lc50=50 micrograms per milliliters and 72 hours after treatment.

According to effect of Punicic Acid on MMP-1 expression, this material can be used as a potential candidate for further studies on the other MMPS and its replacing the chemical drugs.

Sepsis is the systemic response of the body to severe infection and one of the causes of mortality in ICU. Considering the importance of sepsis, in the present study, the effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs (aspirin, indometacin, celecoxib) on inflammatory biomarker of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in liver and lung tissues of rats was investigated.

In the current experimental study, animals were divided into six groups: the control group, the lapratomy (LAP) group, the CLP group, treatment groups: CLP surgery and immediate treatment of rats with NSAIDs (2 mg/kg b.w) once daily. Two days after CLP, the rats were killed and the liver and lung tissues were isolated and the Real-Time PCR technique was used to determine the expression of the MPO gene. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD in SPSS (version 19.0). The significance value was considered as P < 0.05.

The results indicated that the expression of MPO gene in lung and liver tissue of the LAP group increased significantly as compared with control group. The level of expression of the MPO gene in the CLP lung and liver tissue was significantly increased as compared to the LAP group. However, in the treatment groups, a significant decrease in the expression of MPO gene was observed. Although all three
drugs had a positive effect on reducing gene expression (celecoxib>indomethacin>aspirin), in lung tissue, celecoxib had the highest effect and aspirin had the least effect on reducing the expression of MPO gene. In liver tissue, aspirin, and celecoxib, the least effect on reducing gene expression was observed.

It seems that the treatment of animals with selected drugs have the inhibiting effect on the increase of MPO gene expression and results in reducing the damage to the liver and lung tissue caused by sepsis.

Recently, polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted great attention due to their significant antibacterial properties in the field of dermatological applications. In this study, a polycaprolactone-based nanofibrous scaffold has been fabricated using the electrospinning method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrospun nanofibrous structures.

In this experimental study, the structure and bacterial attachment on polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, antibacterial properties of nanofibrous scaffolds were studied on two gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, using microdilution method and biofilm assay. Moreover, MTT assay was performed on HeLa and human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080) cancerous cell lines to evaluate the cell viability.

The results of this study showed that nanofibrous scaffold revealed a significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm formation effect on all of the studied bacterial strains, but in microscopic observations and microdilution assay was observed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1mg/ml of nanofibrous scaffold extract concentration, while the major effect in biofilm assay was observed in 8µg/ml of extract concentration. Moreover, the cell viability studies showed that the most significant effect was shown on HT1080 cell line which has drastically decreased by 40% after 48 hours in comparison with the control.

These results show that electrospun nanofibrous PCL-based scaffolds are potentially promising for dermal tissue engineering applications, due to anti-biofilm effects and capability of reducing the number of cancerous cells in the wound site.

Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients in the intensive care unit. Despite new supportive treatments and administration of high potent antibiotics, sepsis is overwhelmingly one of the risky factors in patient’s life. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Deuterium Depleted Water (DDW) and M. longifolia essential oils (E.Os) on septic rats induced by CLP (Cecal Ligation and Puncture). Therefore, rats were divided into 7 groups: negative control (Laparotomy), CLP, treatment groups with DDW (15and 30 ppm), adjuvant with M. longifolia E.O (100 mg/kg b.w) and positive control group (indomethacin). Then, 24h after CLP induction, oxidative injury parameters and the expression of COX-2 gene in lung tissue were measured. The data indicated that sepsis induction reduced GSH, FRAP and increased LP, MPO, PGE2 and COX-2 gene but didn`t affected GST. Treatments of rats with DDW and E.Os alone and together as well as indomethacin have been effective in increasing the GSH, FRAP and decreasing the LP, MPO, PGE2 and COX-2. Histopathological examinations indicated that sepsis caused lung tissue damage and this damage decreased by DDW and E.O treatment. So sepsis causes oxidative lung tissue damage and the using of deuterium depleted water and Mentha longifolia can prevent injuries through modulation the oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters.