فهرست مطالب رضا مسعودی

Storing spermatozoa in a cold environment decreases spermatozoa metabolism while maintaining sperm fertility. Because of their unique physiological characteristics, sperm cells’ reproductive ability in small ruminants is reduced by cooling. This study aimed to assess the impact of supplementing chilling medium with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the quality parameters of buck’s semen after chilling at 4°C. Semen was collected, diluted, and divided into five groups with different CoQ10 supplementation concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM CoQ10). Collected semen were stored at 4°C for 50 h. The motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, viability, and lipid peroxidation were measured after 0, 25, and 50 h of chilling. According to the findings, different concentrations of CoQ10 had no impact (P>0.05) on semen at time 0 of storage. After 25 and 50 h of storage, supplementing the chilling medium with 5 µM CoQ10 increased (P≤0.05) progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), viability, mitochondrial activity, and membrane integrity compared to other groups. Furthermore, 5 µM CoQ10 produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) after 25 and 50 h than the other groups. Adding 5 µM CoQ10 to the buck’s semen cooling medium is an effective procedure for protecting the quality of buck spermatozoa during cooling storage.

The spread of COVID-19 caused many problems in the field of emotional, behavioral and social adjustment, especially in teenagers and young people. This study aims to assess the effect of coping skills training on the indididual and social adjusment of college students durring the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consists of the students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran in 2022. Eighty eligible students were selected and divided into two groups of intervention (n=40) and control (n=40).  The coping skills training with a positive cognitive-behavioral approach was provided to the intervention group at 10 training sessions for two months. The data collection tool was the California indididual-social adjusment scale. Data were collected before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software, version 18. 

There was no significant difference in the mean scores of social adjusment and its subscales (social patterns, social skills, family relations, educational relations, and social relations) between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05). This difference was significant in the post-test and one-month follow-up phases based on independent t-test results (P<0.05). The results of repeated measured analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the mean scores of above mentioned variables among three measurement phases (P<0.001). However, this test did not show a significant difference in the mean score of the subscale of antisocial tendencies among three phases (P>0.05).

The coping skills trainig with a positive cognitive-behavioral approach can increase the indivdual-social adjustment of college studentsdurring the COVID-19 pandemic. The results can help planners and policy makers in Iran to adopt effective intervention programs to increase mental health, coping skills, and ultimately the quality of life of college students.

Sperm preservation at a cool temperature reduces sperm metabolism while preserving its viability and reproductive ability. Researchers have sought to extend semen preservation effectiveness for more than 24 hours. Due to the particular physiological characteristics of small ruminant spermatozoa, the cooling procedure decreases its reproductive ability. 

This study aimed to determine the effect of adding L-carnitine (LC) to the cooling extender on the quality of the ram’s sperm following cooling preservation at 4°C.

The collected sperm samples were diluted and divided into 4 groups with varying doses of LC supplementation (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM). The samples were kept at 4°C for up to 48 hours. At 0, 24, and 48 hours of cooling, the sperms’ total motility, progressive motility, viability, lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. 

The results showed that different treatments did not affect the quality of semen samples at time 0 of cooling storage (P>0.05). Cooling medium supplemented with 5 mM LC demonstrated improved total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity compared to the other groups after 24 and 48 hours of cooling (P≤0.05). Furthermore, after 24 and 48 hours of storage, 5 mM LC produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) than the other treatments.

In conclusion, reinforcing ram’s cooling storage medium with 5 mM LC protects ram semen samples against cold-induced structural and functional impairment throughout 24- and 48-h storage.

Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.

The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.

The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).

The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students.

Although sperm cryopreservation seems to be an efficient technique for distributing competent sperm for artificial insemination, the process affects the quality of post-thawed sperm.

This study was designed to see how the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” affected buck sperm quality during cryopreservation. 

After proper semen samples collection, they were diluted and divided into 5 equal groups and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen with 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM Mito-TEMPO. Sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and viability were all evaluated after thawing. 

When the freezing extender was supplemented with 10 µM Mito-TEMPO, total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and viability increased (P≤0.05), while lipid peroxidation decreased (P≤0.05). 

Finally, the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” could be introduced as an effective cryo-additive to improve buck semen quality parameters during cryopreservation.

Tracking military structures and equipment is one of the parameters to create superiority in military battles. Camouflage has long been used to reduce the possibility of detection of military structures and equipment. Development of knowledge in the field of tracking and discovering military structures and equipment followed by the necessity of using the concealment in order to reduce vulnerability in war, has enhanced the importance of using new camouflage and radar evasion methods. The use of nanotechnology in the field of radar evasion of military facilities was developed by introducing graphene as a very strong absorber of electromagnetic waves. Graphene coating on the military installations causes the absorption of electromagnetic waves and as a result, these installations are not detected by the enemy's radar.  Referring to the fact that there is a functional relationship between the diameter of the graphene oxide used and the radar evasion of the equipment, an attempt has been made in this article for the first time to find a solution to control and monitor the radar evasion quality using graphene oxide (with the scientific name of RGO/NiFe2O4) in the microwave spectrum of 7GHZ by the profile approach and presentation of a regression relationship. This model can be used to monitor the quality of radar evasion products (cheaper and faster than existing methods). Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the ability to detect non-conformity in the manufactured products can be detected quickly (between 1 and 20 samples) with the change in the parameters of the regression model.

Objective (s): The Covid 19 pandemic is highly contagious and may increase the likelihood of transmitting the disease to others especially to young people. Therefore, raising the awareness of young people about the preventive behaviors of the Covid 19 is very important. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessment of the effectiveness of a program based on the Health Belief Model on the promotion of preventive behaviors of Covid 19 in young people.

This was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted among a sample of young married people aged 25-35 years in Shahrekord, Iran by simple random sampling method. For the intervention group, 6 virtual training sessions were held based on the structures of the health belief model during one month. Data collection tools included demographic information, a questionnaire based on health belief model constructs and a questionnaire of preventive behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18.

In all we recruited 100 young people into the study (50 in intervention and 50 in control groups). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the dimensions of the health belief model in the two groups before the intervention (P <0.05). This difference was significant in the assessment one month after the intervention (P <0.05). Regarding the structure of perceived barriers, despite the decrease in the mean score, this difference was not significant (P = 0.07). Also, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of preventive behaviors between the two groups before the intervention (P <0.05), while this difference was significant in the 1-month measurement (P <0.05).

The implementation of a program based on the Health Belief Model raises the level of awareness and, consequently, creates favorable attitudes towards performing Covid 19 preventive behaviors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin E with glycerol as cryoprotectant on freezability of Alpine goat semen. Semen was collected from Alpine male Goat (3-4 years), twice a week for five weeks at the Animal Science Research Institute of IRAN (ASRI). Different concentrations of vitamin E (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mM) in 5% glycerol as a cryoprotectant were evaluated to improve the quality parameters of goat semen. After ejaculation, semen equilibrated at 5 ºC for 2 h, and aspirated into 0.25 mL straws. After equilibration, straws were frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor and plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Sperm parameters, including motility and progressive motility by CASA, viability, membrane integrity and total abnormality sperm, were assessed. The results show that addition, different levels of vitamin E to the extender for freezing of goat semen can improve motility (P>0.05). Also, 1 mM vitamin E showed higher progressive motility, VSL, VCL and ALH than the other treatment groups (P>0.05). Addition 1 mM antioxidant significantly improved the viability and membrane integrity of sperm than the control group (P>0.05). Addition different levels of vitamin E to goat semen extender showed no significant difference in abnormal sperm and lipid peroxidation than the control group (P>0.05). Therefore, addition of 1 mM of vitamin E to extender improves the freezability of goat semen.

The issue of 'enforcement of annulled arbitration awards' is one of the major challenges which international commercial arbitration is facing with. Many Legislation attempts have been made to regulate such a process, which according to the contractual nature of 'international commercial arbitration', does not make sense anyhow. In this regard, the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitral Awards and the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration are two notable sets with maximum global acceptance that can be obtained with the help of their applicable regulations offered appropriate solutions to prevent the recognition and enforcement of annulled international commercial arbitral awards. 'Public Policy' is a unique concept in this field, which is considered either 'annulment of arbitral awards' In national law and UNCITRAL Model Law and according to the 1958 New York Convention, which can be considered by the Arbitration awards enforcement location Courts for the lack of identification and implementation of foreign business arbitration awards. The same subscription in the abolition and lack of identification and implementation of business arbitration awards can be considered in accordance with the argument of the origin court in the use of a joint examples or similar to domestic public policy to annulle the arbitration awards with the international public policy and even the domestic public policy of the court of award enforcement location as a functional solution in direction to reduce the possibility of identifying and implementing annulled arbitration awards in the country of award enforcement.

Academic burnout of the students is of critical important. Academic burnout reduces self-efficacy, academic performance and progress, students' commitment to educational activities, interest in continuing education, and low academic participation during and after education. So, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between academic burnout with self-efficacy and academic performance of thestudents of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 866 students were selected by a non-random quota sampling method among the students of medicine, nursing, psychiatry, operating room, and emergency medicine of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2006-2007. Demographic-educational information questionnaire, Berso adjusted academic burnout questionnaire, students' academic self-efficacy questionnaire of Faraman, and academic performance measurement index of the students based on the total grade point average (GPA) of the previous semester were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 statistical software using descriptive and analytical statistical tests at a significance level of 5%.

Findings of this study show that the academic performance was (16.26±0.92), emotional fatigue was (16.12±6.38), apathy was (11.92±3.61), inefficiency was (21.99±3.68), and self-efficacy was (18.74± 5.21). Pearson correlation test showed that there was a relationship between academic burnout with self-efficacy (r= -0.92, p<0.001) and with academic performance (r= 0.87, p<0.001). However, the relationship between inefficiency component and self-efficacy was not significant (r= 0.42, p<0.06).

According to the findings of this study, students with higher self-efficacy are less vulnerable to academic burnout and are less likely to suffer from academic failure. So consolidation of this variable among medical students will improve their academic performance.

Rabbits are induced ovulators with the ovulatory process being triggered by neuro-hormonal impulses gen-erated during natural mating. When applying artificial insemination (AI), an array of biostimulation techniques and/or exogenous hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or its analogues must be used to induce ovulation. However, the effect of biostimulation techniques and exogenous hormones is not always satisfactory and the use of GnRH analogues is asso-ciated with high production costs. Therefore, the development of an alternative inexpensive, efficient, and safe treatment for ovulation induction in artificially inseminated does is urgently needed.

In the present study, we examined and compared the effects of mated doe serum (MDS) and GnRH analogue (Gonadorelin) administered immediately after AI on the circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and fertility in New Zealand does.

Forty artificially inseminated does were allocated to four equinumerous groups. The Control G, Treatment G, Control M, and Treatment M groups received 0.2 mL of saline intramuscular (IM), 0.8 μg of Gonadorelin dissolved in 0.2 mL of saline IM, 2.5 mL of mixed-sex normal rabbit serum intravenous (IV),and 2.5 mL of MDS/doe IV, respectively.

A peak in systemic LH concentrations occurred earlier in Treatment M, compared to Treatment G does (71 vs. 107 min post-AI, respectively; P≤0.05). Mean LH concentrations did not vary (P≤0.05) from the pre-AI values in neither of the control groups. Serum LH concentrations remained higher (P≤0.05) in the Treatment M group, in comparison with Treatment G does during30-90 min post-AI. However, LH was higher (P≤0.05) in the Treatment G group than the Treatment M group 120 and 160 min post-AI. Gonadorelin and MDS injections both resulted in the same kindling rate of 80% at each of the four con-secutive AIs (initiated 30 days postpartum) and were significantly greater than that recorded in the control animals (20%).

It can be concluded that MDS administration is an effective treatment for inducing ovulation in rabbits with repeatability similar to that achieved with a GnRH analogue

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with bindii (Tribulus Terrestris), carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and ginger (Zingiber Officinale) on semen quality and fertility potential of rooster breeders. In this experiment, 30 roosters were assigned into 6 equal groups and fed the following diets during 30 days: 1) the base diet, 2) diet containing bindii, 3) diet containing carob, 4) diet containing ginger, 5) diet containing bindii and ginger, 6) diet containing bindii and carob. Semen samples were collected via abdominal massage once a week and the following parameters were evaluated: semen volume, number of spermatozoa, sperm motility, membrane integrity, morphology, viability and fertility potential. In result, diet supplementation with herbal additives in treatments received groups improved sperm quality and fertility potential compared to control group (P≤0.05). In conclusion, using herbal additives in rooster diet could be an effective method to improve rooster sperm quality and fertility potential.

The present study aimed to explore the correlation of depression, anxiety, and stress with indices of dental caries and periodontal disease among 15-year-old adolescents living in Bandar Abbas during the academic year 2017-18.

The present descriptive-analytical research was conducted on all 15-year-old students (n=478) in Bandar Abbas. Two individuals were employed for examination in collecting clinical data. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21) were completed by students. Then, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics along with ANOVA and Chi-squared test.

Of all the participants in this study, 52.8% of students were male and 47.2% were female. Furthermore, 91.3% of participants' fathers were employed. Also, 33.4% of fathers and 34.3% of mothers had an academic degree. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between anxiety, stress, and depression and simplified oral hygiene index. The majority of students were psychologically classified as average, which was also statistically significant (p<.001).

The present study concluded that the parameters in DASS21 are correlated with oral hygiene indices (periodontitis and dental caries). Therefore, students with better psychological health have higher oral hygiene.

Background &

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in a chronic and debilitating nature. In addition to the infected person, the disease also affects their family members. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of group training family-centered empowerment program and self-compassion program on the perceived stress and stigma of epilepsy patients’ care providers.
Materials &

By simple random sampling, 60 primary caregivers in people with epilepsy were selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control. The measuring instruments were Cohen’s perceived stress questionnaire with a reliability of 0.87 and Fernandez’s stigma questionnaire with Cronbachchr('39')s alpha of 0.82. To analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance test have been conducted using SPSS version 20.

Family-centered empowerment and self-compassion training in comparison with the control group, were able to make significant changes in reducing perceived stress (p<0.001) and social stigma (p<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the mean score of self-compassion effectiveness and family empowerment group in perceived stress, but there was a significant difference in social stigma variable (P<0.05) and self-compassion treatment was more effective. Towards family-centered empowerment training had a social stigma variable.

 

In general, the study indicated that family-centered empowerment program and self-compassion one can be taken as effective interferences to mitigate perceived stress and stigma of epilepsy patients’ care providers.

The genetic divergence could define as a mechanism which two or more breeds within the same species with a common ancestor could differently evolutionary separated in genome structure. Molecular genetics may provide proper tools for estimation of the level of diversity and mutational events on this breed over time. Accordingly, the main objective of the present report was to evaluate and compare the candidate gene polymorphisms for two meat and dairy type of goat breeds using candidate gene polymorphism approach. For this purpose, in overall, 30 goat individuals for two meat and dairy goat breed were chosen for genotyping of six candidate genes (Calpastatin, Myostatin, Insulin growth like hormone, Leptin, Pituitary-specific transcription factor and SCD genes using PCR-RFLP techniques. Molecular descriptive Statistics such as genotype and allele frequencies observed and expected heterozygosity, Minor allele frequency ,and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was calculated and compared using POPGENE software between populations. The Chi-square test was used for significant differences between the two populations for screened genes. The observed results interesting showed significant genotype and allele frequency pattern between the two studied breeds. Obtained outputs may insight to the understanding of Genetic divergence between well-known breeds due to domestication and artificial selection as well as geographical

The aim of this study was improvement of ram frozen semen efficiency using addition of cysteamine antioxidant to freezing medium. In this experiment, semen samples were collected from five Zandi rams and add to the extender containing 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM cysteamine. In sperm quality evaluation, sperm samples were evaluated and motion parameters, membrane integrity, morphology, acrosome integrity, mitochondria activity, viability and lipid peroxidation were assessed. The results showed using 2 mM cysteamine resulted in improving of sperm total and progressive motility, membrane integrity, mitochondria activity, acrosome integrity, and viability as well as reduction of apoptosis rate and lipid peroxidation. Using the treatment of 8 mM cysteamine caused to reduction of sperm quality after thawing and the antioxidant did not have any effect on sperm morphology. In conclusion, using 2 mM cysteamine in freezing extender could be a helpful strategy for improvement of ram sperm quality after cryopreservation.

The aim of this study was improvement of ram frozen semen efficiency using addition of glutathione antioxidant to freezing medium. In this experiment, semen samples were collected from five Zell rams and add to the extender containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM glutathione. In sperm quality evaluation, sperm samples were evaluated and motion parameters, membrane integrity, morphology, acrosome integrity, mitochondria activity, viability and lipid peroxidation were assessed. The results showed using 4 mM glutathione resulted in improving of sperm total and progressive motility, membrane integrity, mitochondria activity, acrosome integrity, and viability as well as reduction of apoptosis rate and lipid peroxidation. Using the treatment of 8 mM glutathione caused to reduction of sperm quality after thawing and the antioxidantd did not have any effect on sperm morphology. In conclusion, using 4 mM glutathione in freezing extender could be a suitable method to improve ram sperm reproductive performance after freeze-thaw process.

ICU is one of the vital departments in the hospital to reduce mortality and morbidity. The department where nurses face complex situations that require decision-making skills. In fact, problem solving is an important and complex issue clinical practice, and decision-making is an important indicator. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of SBAR-based patient safety education program on nurseschr('39') clinical decision making in intensive care unit nurses.

The quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 nurses working in intensive care units of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran in 1398. The subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (30 people each). For the experimental group, five SBAR-based training program was held (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation). Data were collected using Lori et al. (2001) clinical decision making questionnaire before and one month after the intervention respectively. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS software (version 22).

According to the findings, the clinical decision-making score of the test group nurses before the intervention was 69.1± 5.44 and after the intervention was 80.8 ± 7.22 (P<0.001). In the control group, it was 70.6 ±6.94 before intervention and 71.1 ± 6.72 after intervention (P = 0.214). The rate of changes in the experimental group was 11.7 ± 3.79 and in the control, group was 0.53 ± 2.3. The results of the study showed that the implementation for the patient safety-training program based on SBAR technique had a significant effect on the mean score of clinical decision making of nurses.

The program training based on SBAR technique is effective on nurses chr('39')clinical decision-making. Therefore, it is suggested that HEC and planners benefit from this technique.

Assessing the health literacy of diabetic patients requires the availability of a tool specific to this group. The Diabetes Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire (LAD) is one of the tools used to measure the health literacy of diabetic patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of translating and validating the Persian version of the LAD questionnaire.

The present study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Health Literacy Assessment Questionnaire for diabetic patients on 300 patients with diabetes in 1398, by sampling. Stages of study: First: Translation and preparation of the Persian version of the health literacy questionnaire in order to design and select items and their qualitative evaluation by the second group: Quantitative evaluation of narrative features using the opinions of the third group of experts: Formal narrative evaluation (comprehensibility) and The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by a small group of the target population in a fourth experimental study: analysis of items, validity assessment and reliability of the final questionnaire.

In the analysis of organizational structure items, the effects of roof and floor were not observed. The highest averages were for items 8 and 12 and the lowest averages were for items 6. According to the Skewness Index, no deviation was observed in the items. Based on the results, the instrument had acceptable internal stability. Detective factor analysis identified two factors for the Diabetes Health Literacy Questionnaire: one was individual understanding and the second was social support.

The results of exploratory factor analysis, Diabetes Health Literacy Questionnaire (LAD) have good validity and reliability and can be used to measure the health literacy of diabetic patients.

Nowadays the use of mobile health technology to improve health is a great opportunity for developing countries, to have a more efficient health system by telemedicine education. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile-based self-care application on the balance of people with multiple sclerosis.

The present study is a clinical trial study performed in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2019. The study units were selected by convenience sampling and were divided into two groups of experimental and control. At first, balance level of the patients was measured by Tinetti (Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment) questionnaire. Then, for the experimental group, the self-care application was installed on their cell phone and for two months was used by patients. The control group received no intervention during this period. The application usage rate was measured by self-report checklists. After two months balance level was again measured in both groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 software and chi-square and independent and paired t-test.

Participants in two groups had no significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics and underlying variables including: Age (P = 0.736), age groups (P = 0.955), gender (P = 0.722), education (P = 0.880), marital status (P = 0.358), and occupation (P = 0.172). Before intervention, the mean of balance score was 10.61 ± 3.78 in the control group and 10.55 ± 2.96 in the experimental group, that was not statistically significant (P = 0.945). It was while, two months after intervention the mean balance score in the control group was 10.52 ± 3.63 and in the experimental group was 12.00 ± 2.47 and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.049).

The results show that implementation mobile-based self-care applications is effective in improving the balance of the patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, mobile applications of this supportive method could be useful to manage their disease and to obtain self-care skills.

Care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is always associated with errors for many reasons, and one of the methods to empower nurses is applying the error analyzing tools and assessing their impacts so that nurses would be familiarized with and prevents error modes before their occurrence. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of patient safety empowerment program with the technique of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and its impact on safety culture in ICU nurses.

This clinical trial was performed on 72 nurses in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospital in Shahrekord, Iran, during 2018-2019. The patient safety empowerment program with the FMEA technique was designed and implemented in the form of six one-and-a-half sessions. Data were collected using the demographic characteristics and safety culture questionnaires. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using descriptive and analytical tests.

In this study, there was a significant increasing trend in the safety culture of nurses in the test group, which was indicative of a difference between the two groups in terms of safety culture (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the two groups before and after the safety culture follow-up (P<0.001).

According to the results of the study, the patient safety empowerment test had a positive effect on the safety culture. Therefore, it is recommended that the FMEA technique be used to improve patient safety and the safety culture of nurses

Effective communication requires proper communication skills. Improving the quality of communication skills is considered to be a global issue. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a communication skills programs for nursing students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using the consensus method on 52 fourth-year nursing students in the six steps of Kern. In the first and second stages, the needs of the students were assessed via focus group analysis and interviews. Correspondingly, the third step involved setting goals, including the clarification of the importance of communication skills, applying various communication models, performing various scenarios in apathetic, sympathetic, and empathetic roles, and determining the planning approach for parental meeting. In the fourth stage, various  methods (e.g., slides, scenarios, and role-playing) were applied as the effective strategies to achieve the goals. The processes were carried out in the clinical rooms of the Department of Nursing and Midwifery. In the fifth stage, various scenarios were performed by the students, and in the sixth stage, the applied communication skills by the students were evaluated based on a quasi-experimental method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using dependent t-test.  

The mean score of all the communication skills of the student was 5.95±3.72, which increased to 13.93±3.03 after the intervention, and the difference in this regard was considered significant (P≤0.001).  

According to the results, the applied communication skills program could enhance the communication skills of the nursing students. Therefore, it is recommended that communication skills be integrated into the nursing curriculum to help nurses have proper interactions with patients.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health concern, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity and treatment costs. Although prevention is considered a priority is in this regard, there are no specific standards in Iran based on the specific conditions and care culture for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. The present study aimed to develop national standards of nursing care for the prevention of VTE.

In this descriptive study, the care standards for the prevention of pulmonary embolism were extracted from valid references. At the second stage, a checklist was prepared, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Finally, the Delphi technique was used to finalize the respective checklists at the first stage by 12 experts and the second stage by 120 experts, with the consensus of over 70%. Data analysis was performed in SPSS.

The obtained results were finalized in four phases. The first phase was patient evaluation (four standards in the form of 67 checklists), the second phase was prophylaxis (three standards in the form of 22 checklists), the third phase was drug management and preventive measures (two standards in the form of 24 checklists), and the fourth phase was the nursing process (four standards in the form of 155 checklist).

Based on the results of the third stage, the standards with lower consensus than 70% were eliminated, and the standards with higher consensus than 70% were established. It is hoped that these standards would improve the quality of nursing care and contribute to the prevention of pulmonary embolism in Iran.

Clinical competence of nurses is an effective factor in ensuring the quality of care in a competitive modern world. Given the vital role of nurses and the weakness of existing assertiveness, this concept as a communication style can play an important role in improving performance and improving the quality of care in tense stressful care settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the assertiveness program on the clinical competence of nurses in intensive care units.

In this clinical trial, 70 nurses of ShahreKord in 2018 were randomly allocated into two groups experimental and control. The experimental group was trained in 6 sessions of ninety minutes, while the control group did not receive the training. Data was collected before, immediately and 3 months after intervention by demographic and CIRN Clinical Competency Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 17 with independent t-test, ANOVA with repeated measurement and Chi-square.

There was no significant difference between the mean scores of clinical competency between the two groups before intervention, but this difference was significant in the immediately and 3 months after intervention based on independent t-test (P<0.05). ANOVA test with repeated measurement showed a significant difference in the process of changes in mean scores in the three stages of measurement (before, immediately and three months after the intervention) (P<0.001).

Assertiveness education leads to increasing the clinical competence of nurses in intensive care units. Therefore, it is suggested to be used in nursing education courses.

A discharge plan is required to be included in the care plan of patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of a proposed discharge plan on the self-efficacy of patients with cardiac valve replacement.

This clinical trial study included 65 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement at Shahid Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The participants were then randomly assigned to intervention and control groups using a random allocation method. In the intervention group, the proposed discharge plan was implemented at the time of the patients' admission and continued one month after discharge based on a five-stage nursing process. The duration of hospitalization and the level of self-efficacy of patients before the intervention, one month, and three months after discharge in two groups were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) [Mw1] through the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance. Ethics code: IR.Skums.REC.1395.80. Clinical Trial Code: IRCT2016092312452N4

The mean score of self-efficacy increased significantly over time in the intervention (53.18±4.3) and control groups (32.9±7.4) (P=0.001). However, the intervention group obtained significantly higher self-efficacy scores after one and three months post-discharge, compared to the control group (P=0.001). Furthermore, according to the Least Significant Difference test, the most significant level of effect was after three months post-discharge.

The discharge plan as a method of providing ongoing care increases the level of self-efficacy of patients. Therefore, it is recommended that the discharge plan be used as an effective way to provide patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement with ongoing care.