فهرست مطالب رضا نقدبیشی

Society is constantly undergoing changes influenced by various factors, which impact all aspects of life, including culture. Consequently, when changes occur, adaptation and coordination become necessary. The architectural landscape in Iran, with its long history and remarkable works, has been rapidly and multi-dimensionally shaped by the developments of the 20th century. This has sometimes led to conflicts between the past and the desired future, resulting in periods of confusion regarding the direction of progress. The paper aims to investigate the effective components in the formation of contemporary Iranian architecture based on social changes. The research methodology employed in this study is qualitative and follows an analytical-historical approach. Content analysis consists of three stages: preparation and organization, examination of materials and messages, and data processing and conclusion drawing. These stages are conducted using MAXQDA software. Additionally, graphical representations are generated based on the research components. Gafi stands out as one of the notable programs in this regard. The results indicate that social changes over time have significantly influenced the evolution of contemporary architecture in Iran. Factors such as political, economic, cultural, climatic and environmental consideration have distinctly shaped contemporary Iranian architecture during different historical periods.

Various studies confirm that the evaluation of environmental quality indicators in sensitive uses such as medical buildings plays an important role in maintaining the health, satisfaction and improvement of patients. The hospital is one of the vital and sensitive parts of the city, which should be given special attention in terms of the conditions related to passive defense in order to manage risks. The main goal of the research is to evaluate the impact of environmental factors on the improvement of the accessibility of the users of treatment spaces in crisis situations with the passive defense approach. The current research is exploratory in nature and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The research plan in the development of tools and preparation of expressions in three stages (1) content analysis of documents; (2) Delphi survey and (3) semiotic analysis are defined. Using questionnaire data and spss26 software and using Friedman's test to check the normality of the data to check the relationship between the variables, a statistical analysis was performed, finally with a plan analysis of two Rasoul Akram and Laleh hospitals in Tehran using Depth software. Map was used to examine the syntactic components and their relationship with the components studied in the research. According to the obtained results, the functional, physical and social indicators in accessibility are related to spatial depth and interconnectedness indicators in the space syntax method, and as a result, they affect the accessibility of space in crisis conditions in hospitals.

This paper aims to evaluate post-occupancy criteria in academic educational buildings, considering the dynamic nature of buildings and their susceptibility to internal and external environmental changes. The study emphasizes the importance of post-occupancy evaluation and user participation as a means to address the limitations of building usage. By engaging users and designers in a two-way interaction, the aim is to enhance building residents' satisfaction and improve overall performance.The research focuses on assessing the alignment between user needs and the functional response of the building, comparing these responses to established design standards. The quantitative growth of universities and the lack of qualitative development in educational spaces make this research crucial. A qualitative-quantitative (hybrid) approach was used for this study.After determining the criteria for post-occupancy assessment, the research evaluated the effectiveness of the design of an art college and the quality of education provided. A specially designed questionnaire was completed by 50 verified and reliable participants who were the main users of the college. The sample size was determined to be 3,000 people, with 341 individuals selected as the statistical population.The questionnaire assessed the current state by scoring various factors on a scale of 1 to 5. Content validity was established through expert opinions, and reliability was determined using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) in SmartPLS software were employed to analyze the data. This analysis identified the relationship between research variables and evaluated their impact on the design. Components were prioritized based on their scores, and less significant components were disregarded. This process led to the development of structural equations, path coefficient models, and factor loadings for the conceptual model. Based on the model and analysis of findings, including climatic information and design standards, the research proposes design solutions for the educational space of the faculty of art and architecture in Islamic Azad University- South Tehran Branch.

The world imposes numerous limitations that cause humans to harbor worlds created by the mind and made up of dreams to spend some time in peace. It is enabled in dramatic literature by the suspension of disbelief concept. Suspension of disbelief is the avoidance of critical thinking or logic in examining something unreal or impossible in reality, such as a work of speculative fiction that  Samuel Taylor Coleridge first introduced this English-language term in 1817. Architecture, an ancient art form, and architects, with their primary goal of evoking emotions in users, can introduce novel design patterns in this area by creating spaces that are beyond imagination. Achieving a spiritual and metaphoric architecture, having the ability to answer spiritual needs, is a necessity of today's world, especially in cultures with spiritual worldview. Beyond the appearance of architecture as a functional and material space, its hidden narrative nature and mysterious concept and the way of achieving it are crucial. As a result, designing a space that can elicit this infinity of meaning and a boundary between existence and non-existence in the user, taking him outside of his everyday existence and removing him from his earthly existence by creating a parallel world and drowning him in a peaceful sky, cannot be achieved by following any procedure except for the suspension of disbelief with its surreal properties.The purpose of this research was to identify effective factors that would induce suspension of disbelief in internal spaces and create an immersive experience for the user. Through quantification and analyzing indices of this area, the evaluation of case samples is structured. The method in descriptive-analytic research was formed based on a combined logic (mixed) and seven criteria for interaction with the background, the contributive procedure of the user, technology, immersion, scale, sequence, continuity, and creating delusion with 24 indices of physical design, form, geometry, texture, color, music, empiricism, memory and reminiscences, deja vu, audio, visualization, and simulation technologies, narrative split, making up riddles, causal relationships, internal story, dimensional inconsistency, unreal items in a normal background, historical elements, unreal dimensions, unlimited narrative loop, the border between reality and fantasy, creating a parallel world, creating tunnel and passage, and surreal architecture was analyzed based on Likert spectrum and by placing case samples in the conceptual model. The results show that indices of physical design, form and geometry, texture, color, the border between reality and fantasy, and creating tunnel and passage had the highest impact on case samples. Additionally, indices of empiricism, music, unlimited narrative loop, internal story, audio, visualization, unreal items, unreal dimensions, making up the riddle, simulation, deja vu, surreal architecture, historic elements, narrative split, and finally, creating a parallel world are among other effective components on the suspension of disbelief of the user in the internal space. Accordingly, methods have been introduced for design and how it impacts users. Through the use of these strategies in the architecture of interior space, the user can be transported to a fantasy world and separated from the real world.

Neglecting to urban texture and current context by recent unidentified constructions has made image distress of the cities and caused the visual rupture. In modernism, the sight of mono-building got the priority and caring about its affiliation with context has paled and forgotten. Hence cities have visual chaos and these unfamiliar contradictions express the textures anonymity. Empty spaces or worthless rusty buildings need to be replaced with new buildings that are homogeneous with architecture and cultural identity of texture. Infill buildings should be designed according to the context components to be a part of the context in addition to being independent. Appropriate use of these spaces in historical texture and creation of cultural and social uses will cause the revival, preservation and deployment of region identity, eke cultural and economic interaction continuity of habitation. Identification of promotion factors of qualitative in the design of cultural spaces by using the indicators of infill architecture due to achievement of the designing solution is the aim of this study. Lead to proceed the conceptual modelling resulted from analysis in principal variables of research according to effective indicators on the formation of the research variables by descriptive-analytical method from gathered data. Then, it proceeds analyzing and evaluating the case studies that are searched and selected specifically in the field of this research, then testing; and quantifying of resulted indicators from studies that are structured in conceptual model of research; and eventually, prioritize the components of subject are identified through the quantifying and scoring based on Likert scale. Finally, after survey and analysis, six principal criterions and thirty-six sub-indicators are achieved; which required solutions according to prioritized results are presented. Among the most important indicators of infill architecture can mention such as social and cultural uses, multifunctional space, proper orientation, consonance of form and unifying lines, and eke creation of multipurpose space, spatial diversity, pause space and hierarchy. These results will considerably help to the achievement process of desirable solutions. The presented designing solutions are adoptable with the condition of a customizable context, expansion and optimization; which are specifically for this study and if the context design changes, prioritization and solutions also would be changed. Studying in this field can identify the influential component of designing procedure valuable contexts considering the context condition and also intended usage, and create a link between scientific theories and designing category. This study considers the solutions for variable of infill architecture, to reach the design to a standard result (form and function); and also designing solutions for variables of cultural spaces, to reach the utmost cultural desirable space according to present site location. Based on the results, considering the mentioned solutions will follow the identifying and use of components of infill architecture moreover its solutions for designing, for quality promotion of cultural spaces, and eke, attainment to the standard design and stable form, coherent structure consonant with the texture, and likewise, creation a desirable urban image, continuous cultural and local identity, more active economic and safety in the texture.

Architectural education before the issue of the involvement of architecture, the concept is affiliated. Architectural training as one of structures of multidimensional of the main topic of “Education” has many aspects in developmental approaches. The growth of academic education need to expand to a qualitative development in Iran. According to the Islamic Azad University Vision for achievement to qualitative development in fourth decade this research attempt to identify and measure the criteria and indicators of quality evaluation for the faculty of Art and Architecture of Roudehen Branch of Islamic Azad University. Review the approaches and theories related to the concept of quality to achieve the criteria and indicators that can interact with the existing structure of the educational system architecture are cases that have investigated in this paper. Based on a review of research also formed and Inspired by categories such as documents and issues affecting research including development plans and structures are affecting the education system architecture have been analyzed in this section in order to achieve a comprehensive model in the study. Faculty of Arts and Architecture as the largest training center for art and architecture in East of Tehran needs to serious attention based on a developmental process. on the other hand, Higher education quality, consistent input, process, output and outcome standards to improve the system of higher education activities with regard to the mission, goals and expectations defined and developed higher education systems. Universities are evaluated has reached its goals, mission to fulfill and respond to the expectations.
The aim of this research was about the investigation of Priorities and Strategies for the Quality of Architectural Education in faculty of art and architecture, Islamic Azad University- Roudehen branch. According to growth of the faculty and in order to achieve to the great goal of Islamic Azad University for Qualitative Education, study and research to forming the indicators of quality of education and the structure of architectural training for checking the priorities and strategies. The purpose of this research is applicable and the collected data is descriptive. Because this study was to review the current situation is concerned, in the field of research is descriptive and because it is the people's opinions through a questionnaire survey. The resulting model to determine the variables affecting the quality and impact of the research in general will apply in different schools So that after the evaluation model and the representation of the findings to provide priority and payment solutions. In order to collect the required data, the questionnaire was designed criteria and indicators were extracted from the literature. The questionnaire contains 90 questions, and item was based on the Likert scale.
Research variables formed from researches and based on that designed the questionnaire for lecturers. The statistical universe size and the sample size (N=72,S=60) calculated. Validity and reliability assessed with Convergent Validity, Divergent Validity, and Composite Reliability and in all factors obtained appropriate results. Among 26 Hypothesizes, 19 Hypothesizes confirmed. Finally, 10 Priorities identified and the strategies presented.

The current investigation, which has started activity to concern with training of architecture, is aimed at data- mining in the subject of the lack of proposing theory about the teaching method in this field of study. In addition to accelerated quantitative growth, some of the basic factors in dealing with the present issue included the lack of qualitative development regarding the teaching of architecture during recent years and overlooking the subject of theorization in the field of architecture. The approach, which was taken toward this exploration in order to use and utilization from the profitability of an interdisciplinary research was led to restricting it within the behavioral sciences and by looking at pragmatism and feasibility about the contextual effect on human’s behavior was sufficed to borderlines of environmental psychological knowledge and environment- behavior studies. By definition of the research primary model that formed according to basic issues of research i.e. teaching of architecture and behavioral sciences in this study, it has been dealt with introducing and reviewing the approaches and theories in the field of research literature with three paradigms (architectural training, design process, and behavioral sciences) so that by the aid of the existing studies one could achieve the ability for recognizing the position of research and serve as a preamble for codification of its theoretical model that was based on primary model of the present treatise. In this trend, the research methodology has been posited according to this issue and research objectives comprised of finding an interdisciplinary model for architectural training based on approaches of behavioral sciences and it can be divided into two general strategic fields: “descriptive” and “analytical” areas. In descriptive field, the studied phenomena and conditions have included teaching of architecture, design process, and behavioral sciences while in analytical field, the present research has moved toward modeling in order to lead the research toward proposing of a model for training of design process that was the product of interaction between the three aforesaid factors in this pamphlet. The presented theory in this inquiry includes a new model of design process that leads to proposing a model of teaching architecture for optimization of teaching method. Acquiring the needed backgrounds in the field of environment- behavior knowledge, this model may be implemented by instructors of architectural schools at different levels.

This paper explores t This paper explores the challenges of finding theoretical frameworks, derived from the tenets of behavioral science methods to improve the learning process of architectural design and construction of a theoretical - practical approaches in order to change, and contrast with the lack of stasis of training method in architectural education in Iran. Moreover, the aim of this research is to define and identify environmental characteristics resulting from Gibsonian affordances to use the above question which is in line with a review of theories and related approaches about appropriate and inappropriate, along with the identification of faces overt and covert capabilities will be discussed. Accordingly, Features used on the basis of the above theory involve cognitive, cultural, logical, semantic, cognitive, physical, natural and human limitations. In the design process, man-made environment is defined as an interactive interface to establish a connection between mental processes of designer and behavioral activities of the user. On the other hand, affordances are a kind of relationship between designer and user that affect in processes which are being followed by designer. In the proposed model, the consequences of a simultaneous process of "cognition-creation" for affordances makes it a common point for product of architecture, based on a theoretical structure that supporting the establishment of most interactive relations for the designer-user. Such a process of architectural training workshop will emphasize the role of the student as a learner analysis and also the role of the educator as leader of education who is responsible for directing students in the form of the Affordance Theory. This process and method, since then based on a theoretical structure, imported to architectural design process and its training scientifically, and as a small part of the range of characteristics of behavioral sciences, has the ability of creating an interdisciplinary approach. Such researches can make a systematic and optimized architectural training according to scientific theories by other researchers with grafting of behavioral science and environmental design in future. The authors believe that affordances have two dimension: Behavior-Driven Actions and Environment-Driven Constraints; Behavior-Driven Actions Contain passive activities or flexible, individual or social, decisions and choices and needs, values and interaction and Environment-Driven Constraints includes restrictions on the cognitive, biological, cognitive, social, cultural, logical, semantic, good, bad, positive, negative, hidden, clear etc. Based on the mentioned issues and research goals which include finding an interdisciplinary model for architecture teaching based on behavioral sciences approaches in general and applying the Gibson Theory of Environmental Affordances specifically; This research is considered as applied research, And its methods "descriptive" and 
"analytical" are categorized in the field of general strategy. On this basis, in the description field, the research includes a set of methods that aim to describe the investigated conditions or phenomena. Conducting the research can help to better understand the situation or the decision making process and in the analytical field, research move towards inferential reasoning along with modeling for the purpose of conducting research to provide a model for design process of architectural education in the workshop.... Keywords: Gibson, Affordance, Architectural Training, Design Process, Methods of Architectural Education, Environmental Design.

Scientific advancements in different disciplines have resulted in effective and considerable changes in the way the higher education institutions deal with scientific outcome through structural، developmental and practical research. Moreover، they help the transfer of this scientific knowledge through qualifying education and learning، and finally، increasing the students’ abilities in using this knowledge in order to respond to the needs and requirements of the people. Planning and elaborating on future goals and programs in different time spans، is، undoubtedly، a better strategy for achieving a desirable future، allowing the schools of architecture to cope with foreseeable changes. The School of Architecture of the University College of Fine Arts of University of Tehran، which is regarded as the leading university and the symbol of higher education in Iran، can guide and inspire other institutions of higher education in the country، by emphasizing appropriate models of architectural education in different levels by promoting better approaches towards architectural pedagogy. Moreover، considering the widespread interest in developing academic and scientific endeavors، it seems necessary to conduct a review of the role and responsibilities of UT’s School of Architecture in national and regional levels. Furthermore، it is vital to harmonize the school’s executive and educational plans for architectural pedagogy with the macro policies and economical laws that are received from above (as general guiding principles). The use of a proposal based on planning and programming is very important، so that the school of architecture can adjust its goals and better prepare the school for the future changes and transformations. This paper is taken from the first section of a comprehensive research carried out for the School of Architecture of the University of Tehran. It is divided into three principal sections: 1. evaluating the current condition with a look into the past in order to determine the positive and negative aspects; 2. dissecting the current conditions in the country، comparing and evaluating the influence of the school of architecture of the University of Tehran on the other schools of architecture and vice versa; and 3. using the previous two sections. This paper proposes various ideas to the College of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran and other policy making bodies which are relevant to the topic at hand. In this research، prepared for the University of Tehran، while acknowledging the five goals: 1. ultimate targets and external goals taken from the ultimate targets، internal objectives and prioritized objectives known as Strategies and practical strategies known as policies; three-part planning: grand strategies، intermediate plans and practical programs and projects; four-part management: interactivity، pre-activists، non-activists، and reactivists، the authors have tried to use leadership، management، planning and programming، with respect to the five parts of the education، i. e. tutor، student، education system، educational facilities and educational circumstances. They have done this in order to prepare a road map in which it would be possible to regulate the relationship between the school of architecture and its context in such a way as to achieve the best possible results. This paper، which is taken from the first section of the aforementioned comprehensive research project، considers the past conditions and looks at the current condition، in order to draw and model a sustainable future for higher architectural education. In this process، the paper identifies the strong and the weak elements of the pedagogical system. Moreover، the opportunities and the threats of the current condition are pointed out، for example، social، political، economic and cultural. This is done to offer planning and programming proposals and to suggest network models with a stable structure، which are specifically designed for the schools of architecture. The chosen methodology in this paper is “simulative” based on the division of educational approaches. This consists of organizing information (in general) and conceptual modeling in three stages of past، present and future. In addition to placing emphasis on the actualized development theories، fact-based and past-oriented philosophies، this paper، also، utilizes theories that explicate the current condition in order to foresee the possible futures. Aiming for a comprehensive plan، this paper addresses the four stages of management، i. e. mentioning the topics which existed in the past and possessed considerable value، improving the current conditions، advancing and accelerating development for the near future، and finally، qualifying development in order to achieve the ideal conditions in a distant future.