روزبه میرزا

The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and V) in marine sediments as well as to determine the potential harmful effects of these heavy metals using Combined Pollution Index (CPI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) at seven stations in Chabahar Bay. From each station, 3 samples of surface sediments (0-5 cm) were collected using Van Veen Grab and samples were extracted and analyzed according to the standard methods. The concentration levels of measured heavy metals were in the order of V>Ni>Pb>Cu>Cd>Hg . Contamination assessment based on CPI shows that the sediment samples in the study area were heavily contaminated with the CPI>1 except for Pozm Station. The potential ecological risk indices of Pb, Cu, Ni, were lower than 40, which indicated slight potential ecological risk of all stations. The results showed that the ecological risk level of heavy metals in the sediments of Chabahr Bay were low to very high.

Khure Musa area with high ecological and biological importance and accommodated divers fauna can be influenced by huge pollutants industrial discharge, it is necessary to monitor in this critical environment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of chemical pollutants owing to their widespread distribution in the environment and carcinogenic and mutagenic effects to living organisms.
In this study distribution and sources of 15 PAHs and their sources in the sedimentsof estuaries khure Musa were determined. Sampling and analysis were perfprmed in july 2010. Samples of sediment collected from five Estuarine, namely Jafari, Ahmadi, Ardoleh, Ghazaleh and merimos. Collected samples were immediately transferred to hexane rinsed glass jars with aluminum foil inserts and transported in dry ice to the laboratory and kept frozen at -20 °C prior to analysis. An aliquot of the samples were taken for dry weight determination. The sediments were dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate and soxhlet, following extraction for about 8 hours using dichloromethane. The extract was then charged to 1st step and 2nd step column chromatography to fractionate hydrocarbons. The fractions were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The recovery of PAHs was more than 70%.
The total concentrations of PAHs in sediment were ranged from 703 to 3302 ng/g Dry weight. The highest concentration were observed at stations Jafari,Ahmadi and Ardoleh, respectively. The sediment samples from the khure Musa can be considered moderate to high polluted with PAHs. The results of study suggested that the main sources of PAHs in Estuaries of Khure Musa are a mixture of both pyrolitic and petrogenic with predominant petrogenic imputes in jafari estuarine.

Filtration in bivalves is the most important physiological and biological activities that can redound absorption of environmental contaminations. Since Saccostrea cucullata and Barbatia hellbingii are well distributed in Bushehr coasts, this investigation is carried out to evaluate the potential of these species to filtrate more chlorella volgaris algae. The filtration rate of the Saccostrea cucullata and Barbatia hellbingii were measured at 25 °C and 36 ppt in the laboratory using concentration of chlorella volgaris. Results showed filtration rate of Saccostrea cucullata and Barbatia hellbingii were 29.3683 ± 0.46212 and 31.1453 ± 0.66055, respectively. There was a significant difference between mean filtration rates with the two treatments (P < 0.05), and Barbatia hellbingii showed higher filtration rate in experimental condition, so it can be suggested Barbatia hellbingii as a better biomonitor.

In this study, concentrations and origins of 15 PAHs in intertidal sediments of North Pars Special Economic Energy Zone were investigated. Samples were collected from 20 stations (during low tide and randomly) before establishment and running in June 2011. Samples were analyzed by HPLC. Fluoranthene in Melgonze 2 showed the highest levels of PAHs and Dibenzo[ah]anthracene in Chahpahn 1, Chahpahn 2, Zirahak 1, Kabgan1, Kabgan 2, Kabgan 4, Bordekhon 3, Bordekhon 4, Demeigez 1 and Demigez 2 were the lowest ones in the study area. Results revealed that there were relatively low levels of ΣPAHs in the sediments. Sediment in the study area is being subjected to a combination of pyrogenic and peterogenic with pyrogenic prevalence origin. It could be concluded that in the study area, pollution amounts were much lower than the compared standards and the potential hazard for benthic assemblages seemed to be low.

The Persian Gulf area has approximately two-thirds of the words oil resources and many of the marine ecosystems of its areas are seriously threatened by oil pollution. Therefore، the study on the status of oil pollution in the Persian Gulf is considerable. Vanadium and Nickel are by far the largest traced metal constituents of crude oil. Their presence in high concentration in marine sediments may indicate direct input from oil pollutants. Therefore، Vanadium and Nickel are two important indicators of oil pollution. In this study، concentrations of these elements as well as their ratio (V/Ni) in the rocky shore oysters (Saccostera cucullata) and in the sediments of Bushehr province coasts were determined. The sampling and analysis were performed in February 2012. Samples were collected from rocky shores of four stations; Genaveh، Bushehr، Dayer and Nyband Gulf. The samples were acid digested and analyzed for heavy metal content using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (YOUNGLIN، Model ASS 8020). The average concentrations of Ni and V in the sediment samples were varied from 22. 48 to 51. 10 μg/g dry weight and 7. 64 to 31. 53 μg/g dry weight، respectively. While their average concentrations in oyster sample were varied from 4. 22 to 10. 51 μg/g dry weight and 1. 26 to 6. 2 μg/g dry weight، respectively. The V/Ni ratios of the Persian Gulf crude oil/residues do not correlate with those of the sediments due to the alteration of the relationship between the two metals in the sediments. Based on Muller geochemical index (Igeo)، sediment quality for Ni and V is in class 0 (unpolluted).

The Persian Gulf area has approximately two-thirds of the words oil resources and many of the marine ecosystems of its areas are seriously threatened by oil pollution. Therefore, the study on the status of pollution Persian Gulf’s is considerable. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major groups of chemical pollutants owing to their widespread distribution in the environment and carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on living organisms. In this study, concentrations of 14 PAHs and their sources in the seawater of boushehr province in two seasons were determined. Samples of seawater were collected from four sampling sites, namely Genaveh, Boushehr, Dayyer, and Nyband Gulf. Collected samples were immediately transferred to hexane rinsed glass jars with aluminum foil inserts and transported in dry ice to the laboratory of PGRSC and kept frozen at -20 °C prior to analysis. Seawater samples were extracted using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The recovery of PAHs were more than %70. The total concentrations of 14PAHs in seawater was ranged from 1.5 to 5.9 ng/l. The results showed that concentration of PAHs in surface seawater in the inter-tidal areas of Boushehr province is very low, comparing to other areas of Persian Gulf and world wide. The highest concentration was observed at Nyband station. The results of study suggested that the main sources of PAHs in coastal areas of boushehr province is a mixture of both pyrolitic and petrogenic with predominant petrogenic imputs. Three- and four-ring PAH were the most abundant compounds among the 14 PAH investigated in surface seawater samples.

Genetic divergence within and between wild populations of Scomberomorus commerson was assessed using five microsatellite marker (C83Sc, D61Sc, J43Sc, H96Sc, L42Sc). Samples were collected from three locations (Dayyer, Boushehr and Choebdeh ports) in the northern coast of Persian Gulf. 115 specimens of S. commerson were captured to assess genetic differentiation using five markers. Five pairs of microsatellite primer that were used in this study were polymorphic PCR products, which amplified all three populations. Three private alleles in the three loci and one private allele at the one locus were obtained for Dayyer and Boushehr populations, respectively. It was also found that specimens from three sites werent in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.001). Genetic differentiation measured by the Fst to determin stock structure. Based on AMOVA, the highest Fst=0.057 was observed when specimens from Dayyer were compared with Choebdeh (Nm=4.164). The Lowest Fst=0.025 was observed when specimens from Dayyer zone were compared with specimens of Boushehr zone (Nm=9.818). The results cautiously suggest that adopting a single-stock model and regional shared management are appropriate for sustainable long-term use of this important resource.

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants of concern due to their persistent in the marine ecosystem, and their cause long-term adverse effect to the marine life. In this study, of concentrations of 14 PAHs and their sources in the rocky shore oysters (Saccostera cucullata) and in the sediments of boushehr province were determined. The rocky shore oyster was selected due to its wide distribution and its role in the diet of Boushehr coastal area. The sampling and analysis were perfprmed in july 2009. Samples were collected from four rockyshore stations, Genaveh, Boushehr, Dayer and Nyband Gulf. Collected samples were immediately transferred to hexane rinsed glass jars with aluminum foil inserts and transported in dry ice to the laboratory of PGRSC and kept frozen at -20°C prior to analysis. An aliquot of the samples were taken for dry weight determination. The tissue was dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate and soxhlet, then extracted for about 8 hours using dichloromethane: hexan (1:1v/v). The extract was then charged to 1st step and 2nd step column chromatography to fractionate hydrocarbons.The sediment samples were extracted with the same method, except using dichloromethane for soxhlet extractor. The fractions were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The recovery of PAHs were more than %65. The total concentration of PAHs in oysters ranged from 146.9 to 268.1 ng/g Dry weight, while sediment concentration ranged from 41to 227.6 ng/g dry weight. Boushehr rockyshore oyster that did not present very high levels of contamination expressed low PAHs ratio. Total lipid in station 2 was higher than others. The significant correlation was observed between total lipid and total PAHs p ≤ 0.05. Both pyrolitic and petrogenic PAH are present in all oyster and sediment samples.