رویا غلامی

One of the problems in the construction industry is the heavy weight of in the transportation infrastructure due to the use of traditional materials, which raises the dead load of the building which in addition increases the cost of the building and increases its resistance to In front of the earthquake, In this study, it was introduced new methods of transportation infrastructure construction industry which make lightening of mass of building. These technologies, nowadays considered as one of the new technologies in the construction industry, aim at optimizing the implementation methods, reducing the weight of the building and saving The cost, time and energy of the damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes. . These methods have been studied under the heading of implementing techniques in different ways under the titles of tilt-up, stud wood and stud metal, and the necessary explanations are given in each section and finally A review of the disadvantages and benefits of each method is described.

Collagen synthesis can help to heal wounds, especially Large wounds. Any treatments that can stimulate collagen synthesis in fibroblasts can accelerate wound repair, so it has clinical value. Stem cells secrete some macromolecules and signals that can have different effects in other cells.

In this study, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and their medium supernatant was harvested as a medium containing the signal. After determining concentration, they were exposed to mouse fibroblasts. The cell viability was examined and then in the molecular section, by designing specific primers, three The collagen gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR.

The results indicated a growth-promoting effect using the amount of 20 μg /ml of stem cells conditioned media in the culture medium of fibroblast cells. It was also found in the molecular section, that this concentration could increase the expression of all three selected collagen genes.Discussion and

The results of this study fully confirmed the initial goals, indicating the high power of mesenchymal stem cells in the induction of collagen synthesis, and thus could be a very good candidate for clinical studies.

Risky sexual behaviors are a great threat for youth's physical and social health. Family has an important role in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors. This study was designed to explore the role of family in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
This qualitative study used conventional content analysis and was conducted in university and non-university dormitories and recruited 65 young women aged 18-35. Data were collected, using focus group discussions (7 sessions) and individual interviews (12 interviews) in 2012 through snowball sampling. Focus group discussions were held in the students’ dormitories and the place of individual interviews were determined by the participants. We employed content analysis to analyze the data (Graneheim and Lundman's approach). In order to enhance the validity of the data, multiple data collection methods, maximum variation sampling, and external check were applied.
The results of the present study were categorized into three subcategories: "family monitoring", "family emotional support", and "family upbringing". "Family upbringing" has 2 subcategories: "open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing". Family is the first context in which young women grow up. Participants considered family support and monitoring as protective factors in engagement in risky sexual behaviors. Moreover, they stated that the two sides of this spectrum ("open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing") are risk factors for engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
The results of this study suggest that family has an important role in young women's sexual behaviors. The findings of the present study can be applied to provide solutions (including family education in the media, schools, and organizations) to alert families to prevent premarital and risky sexual behaviors.

For the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea symptoms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used. But drugs are not favored due to gastrointestinal side effects, so the use of complementary medicine techniques such as electrical stimulation, dietary supplements such as calcium, magnesium, vitamin E, and exercise is concerned. Studies on the pain of dysmenorrhea done but few studies have been done on the pattern of dysmenorrhea. This study is a case-control study on 200 patients (69 cases and 131 controls) were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were single people, 20 to 30 years, the onset of menstruation before age 21, have regular menstrual cycles, regular exercise at least 2 days a week for one year in the case and had no history of uterine disease. After receiving a referral from Management University dorms sampling was done. Gathering tool were Scale pain, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating (WBS), and severity related symptoms were assesd by Verbal multidimensional scoring system (VMS). &chi2, T- test and Odds ratio were used for analysis... exercise group had 13 times the chance of pain in the group without exercise. 52 (75.36) percent of case group and 128 (97.71) percent in control in the first day had pain (p=00.1). Consumption of analgesia on the second day in case group 19.0 ± (0.55) and control 0.71 ± 0.1 the difference was statistically significant (p=001),but a significant difference was not seen in the group in the bleeding and reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in the first 3 days. It seems that exercise can improve the pattern of dysmenorrhea pain, pain, painkillers are effective, but not effective on the amount of bleeding and associated symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a wide variety of cyclic and recurrent physical and emotional symptoms that occur before menstruation and has negative impact on activities of daily living and quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Omega-3 on the severity of physical and mood symptoms in premenstrual syndrome. This is a double-blind clinical trial. It is carried out on 100 female students which were randomly divided into two groups including omega-3 group and control (placebo) group. Every student took the drug during three subsequent menstural cycles. They took capsules daily in the first cycle for one month، and in the second and third cycles from eight days before menstruation to two days after that. They recorded the severity of their symptoms in a questionnaire. Data analyses was performed by SPSS version 17، using t-test. Data showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups before intervention but 1، 2 and 3 months after taking Omega-3 capsules، the severity of physical and mood symptoms was significantly lower than than control group (p<0. 001). Omega-3 significantly reduced the severity of physical and mood symptoms in premenstrual syndrome.

Among of all cancers in Iran, brest cancer is the most common type among Iranian women. Nausea and vomiting are known as the most common complication experienced by 70% of patients belong antiemetic medications. Usage of complementary therapies are prevalent in these patients but safety and its efficacy are not well known. This research purpose is investigation Efficacy of complementary therapies in reduction of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. By selected Mesh words in EMBASE. MEDLINE, Cochran library on articles were written last 10 years ago(2003-2013) on RCT(Experimental/ quasi experimental). Articles were examined and analyzed by check list. Validity and reliability of check list was checked and verified. 5 articles from 1149 total articles, were approved by check list. 4 articles were examined effect of acustimulation/acupressure and one effect of massage. Average age of patients in articles were 50/57. Effect of acupressure and acustimulation were contradictory in acute phase but they were not effective in delayed phae(nausea and vomiting). Massage were effective in acute nausea and vomiting. Anticipatory nausea were not attented. Placebo group only was used in one research. Regards of contradictory results, extensive and more divert RCT research with high level methodology(placebo group usage/ greater sample size, random alocation) is proposed.

Menopause and its physical, hormonal and psychosocial changes could affect women’s sexual function. There are controversial results regarding relationship between sexual attitudes and function. We aimed to evaluate sexual attitudes and sexual function among Iranian menopausal age women. This population based cross-sectional study was carried out on 225 menopausal women, aged 45-65 years. Based on a self-made questionnaire data were collected about women’s socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes regarding sexuality and sexual function. Data were analyzed using SPSS and sexual function was compared between three groups of women who had positive, medium and negative attitudes regarding sexuality. The mean age of women was 53.11±4.56 years. Seventy percent of them had at least one sexual problem. Feeling of dyspareunia was significantly different between three categories of attitudes regarding sexuality (p=0.03). Comparing data obtained on their attitudes, sexual desire, orgasm and dyspareunia demonstrated significant differences (p=0.03, 0.04, and 0.04 respectively). Attitude regarding sexual function has a great impact on sexual activity of postmenopausal women that need to be considered in their health care programming.

The first occurrence of menstruation (or periods) is called menarche and it is a vital event during puberty in girls. Various studies show a downward trend in menarcheal age over the last hundred years. Many factors can influence age at menarche. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between menarcheal age and certain demographic characteristics، in female residents of district 13، Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. In this longitudinal descriptive، conducted within the framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study، subjects were 402 girls، aged 12 and 18 years، whose menarche had not begun at the initiation of the study، but it did during their follow-up. In order to collect data، questionnaires previously completed in the TLGS were used. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire confirmed in previous studies. Various factors including maternal age at menarche، maternal education، maternal occupation، body mass index، physical activity، energy expenditure and exposure to tobacco smoke were examined. Findings showed that the mean age at menarche was 13. 06 ± 1. 24 years in this study. There were significant statistical associations between body mass index (P=0. 002، r=-0. 04)، mother''s age at menarche (P<0. 001، r=0. 66) and maternal education (P=0. 027، r=0. 25) and the subjects age at menarche. However there was no significant association between age at menarche، with mother''s occupation، passive smoking، physical activity and energy expenditure. It seems that BMI، mother’s menarcheal age and maternal education are factors that influence the age at menarche.