فهرست مطالب زهرا حکیمی

In special purpose circuits, the amount of energy consumed and the speed of operation are the main challenges. There are wide researches and methods to improve the performance of these types of circuits. One of these methods is to use a Residue Number System (RNS). In the RNS, there are a number of modules (channels) as a set to represent the number and perform parallel arithmetic operations. The most famous set is the 3-modlui set {2n-1, 2n, 2n +1}. The form of modules to the power of 2 makes it easier to perform binary computational operations. To use this system, you need to perform conversion operations from binary to residue (forward conversion) and residue to binary (reverse conversion). The greater the number of modules (channels) in the set, the higher the degree of parallelism of computational operations. In contrast, more complex forward and reverse conversion circuits are required. The overhead of conversion computing can reduce the efficiency of using this system, unless the number of consecutive operations is large enough to cover the conversion overhead time. In this paper, based on 3-moduli set {2n-1, 2n, 2n +1} evaluation, it was determined that for how many consecutive addition or multiplication operations, the use of RNS operations leads to greater speed. In this paper, we evaluate the carry propagation adder as the most popular adder and parallel prefix adder as the high speed adder. Also, the parallel block multiplier circuit was used to evaluate the multiplication operations. First, modular adder/multiplier, binary, and forward and reverse conversion circuits were implemented and synthesized. We used Synopsys Design Compiler, K-2015.06 version and 45nm technology. The results show that if the carry propagation adder is used, in modules with a width of more than 8 bits (n≥8), if the number of consecutive operations is at least 4, it will speed up the calculations. Likewise, in the multiplication operation and parallel prefix addition, the number of sequences is reduced to two.

The Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum, despite widespread opposition to the Barzani party's insistence, was held on, on December 25, 2017. And news related to the Kurdish referendum on the Iraqi Kurdistan for a long time has become the top news of a regional, transnational, and international media. In this research, we are going to review the news in the four news sites of Al Jazeera, IRNA, REDAWO and BBC, by reviewing the referendum in the days following its launch. The results of the research indicate that each of the news sites has their own specific idea of referendum. IRNA has paid attention to the referendum by mentioning the reflective news and it is mainly against the referendum. Al-Jazeera has implicitly supported the referendum with its analytical reports, but warns about its dangers, The BBC has shown its support for the Kurdish nation by applying its bilateral policy and has expressed criticism in it`s reflective news. Rodaw as Kurdish-language site supported the referendum and