فهرست مطالب زهرا خیراللهی

Income distribution means the distribution of wealth and property between members of the society and different economic sectors, and policy-making in its implementation is mentioned as one of the concerns of most governments. One of the economic systems of the modern world is the capitalist system, which is based on individualism, freedom and private property. The most important elements of income distribution in this system are defined as natural factor, private property and free market. Based on this, personal interests are more important than social justice and fair distribution. The crises that occurred in this system, like the crisis of 1929 and 2008 in America, show that this system cannot include all social classes in the issue of income distribution. On the other hand, the study of income distribution policies in the government of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) shows the effectiveness of Imam's strategies in the area of fair distribution of income for all social classes with moral and human connection that contemporary religious governments including Iran It can be used as a solution to the issue of fair income distribution. This article has tried to explain the principles and goals of the capitalist system, and the principles, goals, and distribution criteria of the Imam (a.s.), to examine the strategies of the Imam (a.s.) in the fair distribution of income. The findings show that the goal of the capitalist system in income distribution is to maximize profit, but the strategy of Imam (a.s.) according to his life and words, in addition to establishing social justice It is promoting the culture of self-sacrifice and reconciliation among the people. Amirul Momineen (AS) adopted two basic strategies to achieve this goal; First; Public cooperation and takaful, which was carried out while building a culture of cooperation, monitoring the business and market. the second; Providing social welfare and bringing people to the level of self-sufficiency was done by organizing and managing taxes and government investments..

Knowing the dimensions and angles of the personality of Hazrat Reza (a.s.) with regard to the behaviorist attitude is such that it will affect every free and thoughtful person. Imam (AS) has given a high place to ethics and science in the direction of scientific promotion and stability of individual and social relations, and in these two categories, he has presented a clear picture of the use of reform methods based on moral components and the publication and promotion of science.
Answering doubts and participating in debates, excellent debates, with the description of the comprehensiveness of science and Saa Sadr, the teaching of worldview beliefs and moral sermons, express the great respect of His Holiness (PBUH) in Islamic science and moral education and indicators. This article is trying to clarify a corner of the dimensions of the personality of His Holiness through a descriptive and analytical method and to present a perfect model in behavioral and practical behavior to those who are thirsty for truth and those who are educated. Also, considering the timeless capacity of Imam Reza's (AS) words, he tries to analyze and introduce his moral and scientific behavior under the debates in a new research, and finally in the light of increasing knowledge in this field and considering what the truth of behavior and action is. and the separation of its layers is achieved, correct behavior and correct performance in society in general and especially in Islamic societies are spread.

The concept of divine supervision is one of the essential topics that has a fundamental application in humanities and the foundations of epistemology. In the political and religious sermons of Nahj al-Balaghah, attention has been paid to the concept of divine supervision and its types. Therefore, the present study uses the descriptive-analytical method to investigate the types of divine supervision and its various words in the political sermons of Nahj al-Balaghah. In this review, an attempt will be made to analyze and recover the different types and areas of divine supervision according to the space and socio-cultural structure of this sermon; finally, what authors obtained from this analysis is that Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah presented divine supervision from a dual perspective. First is public supervision, which includes God's supervision over all humans, and the other is God's special supervision, which is dedicated to rulers, agents, and politicians. These supervisions are expressed with specific goals and vocabulary in these sermons. In the end, a comparison is made between supervision in Nahj al-Balaghah and the 360-degree feedback process.

The discussion about how to collect and compilation the Holy Quran in the era of the Prophet (pbuh) is one of the important topics of Quranic sciences. Richard Bell is an English orientalist who has expressed his opinions in this regard from the perspective of his studies, opinions and beliefs. In his research, he did not consider the writing and compilation of the Qur'an complete during the time of the Holy Prophet; and he considers the reasons for this to be: the lack of writing of the Qur’an in Mecca, the forgetting of the Prophet, the failure to place all the verses in the surahs, and the formation of the core of the surahs during the era of the Prophet (pbuh). Bell considers the first compilation of the Qur'an to be related to the era of Uthman. This is despite the fact that after evaluating his reasons, it becomes clear that his arguments are not complete and according to the evidence of the Qur'an, they may have been compiled during the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh). Considering the special research methods of Orientalists, Bell's opinions are different from Islamic studies and sources due to having a biased view, or one-sided reliance on Sunni sources and selective use of historical texts, and can be seriously criticized.

Fuzzy thinking and the theory of complex systems are intertwined in the principle of incompatibility. According to this principle, which was introduced in 1973, due to the complexity of a system, our ability to express accurate and meaningful statements is reduced. In this case, the propositions will move away from certainty, black and white, and transparency and will become fuzzy propositions. In this article, we have shown with an analytical method that the revelatory language of the Qur'an with its characteristics, especially among the topics related to the language of religion in the contemporary era, can be read in the model space of complex systems. In this case, according to the principle of incompatibility, the basic approach in explaining and analyzing the revelatory language of the Qur'an will be fuzzy thinking, as a result of which our descriptive propositions from the language of the Qur'an will become intermediate, doubtful, gray, opaque and nonlinear.

One of the value concepts in the Qur'an is the concept of "khulud". This study examines the Qur'anic meaning and discovers its semantic layers with the simultaneous semantics based on the analysis of the relations of companionship, substitution and reciprocity of the words Khulud. The burden is on the people of Hell, in about 30 cases, the word "eternity" is associated with "eternity", and in "3" it is about the eternal eternity of the disobedient infidels in Hell. Khulud "emphasizes the necessity of immortality of both groups in heaven and hell. But due to the companionship of Khulud with the divine providence in verses" 105 to 108 "of Surah Hood and verse" 128 "of Surah An'am Therefore, it is possible for the disobedient believers and disobedient infidels to leave hell. The hegemon and the system of hellfire are negative, static and apostate.The main view of the Qur'an on holiness is that the gate of faith is opened to man to get rid of the torment of hell and reach paradise.

The author examines the sentence ," انا اصغر من ربی بسنتین " first in terms of its narrator, and then in terms of interpreting its meaning. According to the author, in the available sources, sometimes it is attributed to the non-infallibles, who are often the leaders of Sufism, and sometimes to the infallibles, that is, the Messenger of God prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family, and the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali peace be upon him. Of course, all these attributions are Morsil and have no document. In order to explain and justify this sentence, assuming its acceptance as a hadith, in some Shiite sources, some theories are presented that in this article, the sources are reviewed and evaluated in chronological order.

Imamate is among the most outstanding Quranic issues, and knowledge of Imam is one of the most significant prophetic teachings. The way of recognizing knowledge of Imam is of great influence in Imamology. Although there is unanimous agreement among Muslim scholars in certain fields of knowledge of Imam such as authority in religious affairs, they are divided in such issues as the quality of knowledge of imam, awareness towards the inner souls of people, and the quality of Imam's knowledge to contemporary issues and problems. Taking a descriptive analytical method, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What are the different types of Imam's knowledge, and what are its sources according to Nahj-ul-Balaghah 2. What is the cause behind the principal difference among Shiite scholars when analyzing the issue of knowledge of Imam 3. What is the domain of knowledge of Imam and its dimensions based on the teachings of Nahj-ul-Balaghah Precise analysis of Imam Ali's remarks in Nahj-ul-Balaghah indicates that the holy Quran, speaking of God, and the Messenger of Allah are the intuitive sources of knowledge particularly devoted to Imam, while insight is a source of acquired knowledge common between Imam and other people. Imam relies on the latter in analyzing the conditions and seditions of his time. Therefore Imam's knowledge is both intuitive and acquired. The principal cause behind difference of Muslim scholars on Imam's knowledge is the very negligence towards the difference in the sources of Imam's knowledge in various fields. The domain of Imam's knowledge consists of affairs relevant to religion ( doctrines, practical regulations, and interpretation of the Quran), inner souls of individuals, conditions of societies, physics and the system of creation, events of the past and the future, and the socio-political situations of the time.

the Enemies, from the early days of Islam to the day, does efforts to combat this divine religion and have tried various methods. One of the this ways, is create the doubts. In this regard, recently published book entitled The Critique of the Qur'an has been published by a person named Soha, in which the author attempts to prove the existence of error in the Holy Quran. In the section on scientific doubts of this book, the author has criticized verses related to geological sciences and introduces Them as Scientific mistake. These doubts directly cover some of Nahj al-Balagha's sermons (1, 91, 171, and 211), and Due to the complexity of Answer to them, has been less addressed by scholars. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method with a critical approach and based on library resources, it critically examines the raised doubts and claims. The result of this study is that what is stated in the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the Nahj al-Balagha's sermons on the geological sciences are exactly in line with the scientific findings. also the poems that the author has argued with them In terms of document, are fictitious

 “Criticism of the Holy Quran” is a topic that has a long history, and the enemies of Islam’s religion have tended to undermine the beliefs of Muslims. One of the contemporary bias is the one who is titled “Doctor Soha”, who published the book “The Quran’s Review” and is one of the most complete books on critique of the Quran, according to the opposition. The writer’s effort in it is to prove the existence of error and weakness in the Holy Quran. Some of the doubts in this book deal with the critique of verses and narrations related to medical science. The answer to these doubts requires an accurate study of the interpretations, books of the Quran and the texts of the Quran and the medical literature and articles related to the subject. Therefore, due to its complexity, it is considered less by the researchers or discussed in a superficial manner. The present study was carried out through a descriptive-analytical method with a critical orientation based on library resources and aims to defend the theory of revelation and the truth of all the data of the Quran, including its scientific data.

The result of the study is to prove that there is no conflict between the findings of medical science with the relevant verses and then the proof of the scientific miracle and legitimacy of the Holy Quran.

Recently a book called “Criticism of the Qur’an” by a person named Soha has been published, claimed by the oponents as the most complete book on criticizing the Holy Qur’an, and the author attempted to prove the existence of errors and weakness in the Qur’an. Some of its misconceptions criticize the stages of the Evolution of emberyo and stimation of the time of determining its gender from the point of view of the Qur’an and Sunnah and then assume them as scientific errors. The present paper, based on the descriptive-analytical method in a critical approach, is to present a strong and scientific answer to these misconceptions and proves the truth of the holy Qur’an, through examining them carefully. Findings show that the stages of the evolution of emberyo as well as the times of creating and placing it and the cause of determining its gender in the Qur’an and Sunnah are exactly compatible with medical inventions and confirmed by these sciences.

The reason is one of the most important tools of recognition and knowledge , since the philosopher , empirical sciences scientist , human and religious sciences and all of the branches of sciences and even ordinary people require reason , so , the recognition of the reason i.e. what is the meaning of reason , where are its data supplied from , and where is its extension and domain ? and also resolving some of the doubts that exist in this regard , is one of the important and fundamental needs . Therefore , this subject is stated and examined in Quran and it is important and outstanding in the philosophy of Sadrolmotealehin , so , it is studied in this research . This paper intends to prove that the reason means understanding in Quran and its data are received by sense and extra-sense and also determines the boundaries and limits of recognition and the capability of the reason from the viewpoint of Quran , and also by examining the concept of reason and its role in the recognition of truth and its limits and boundaries in the philosophy of Sadrolmotalehin , it is proved that in this subject , his viewpoint is similar to the Quran concept of reason