زهرا زارعی

Some strains of Bacillus coagulans have shown probiotic characteristics and variety of technological features that make it useful across multiple industries. This study focused on investigating specific traits of B. coagulans strains IBRC10807 (T strain) and GBI-30,6086 (SH strain), such as surface hydrophobicity, tolerance to salt, acid, pepsin, trypsin, bile salt, and heat resistance. The study also examined their performance using different carbon sources (industrial glucose, date juice, grape juice, corn syrup, and sugar beet molasses) and nitrogen sources (sesame meal, soybean meal, and corn gluten), along with comparing the intensity of proteolysis of nitrogen sources. The results indicated that both strains were capable of proteolysis, with the SH strain demonstrating higher efficiency than the T strain when using corn syrup as the carbon source and soybean meal as the nitrogen source. Optimal conditions for fermentation were determined in this study, resulting in a total desirability of 95%, with the optimal amounts of soybean meal at 2.46%, corn syrup at 10.65%, and a fermentation time of 32.35 h. These findings suggest that B. coagulans strains have both probiotic and technological properties and can effectively ferment inexpensive carbon and nitrogen substrates to produce valuable materials.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediating role of individual creativity in the relationship between organizational climate and individual innovative behavior of employees of the General Department of Education in Shiraz. The descriptive research method is correlation type. The statistical population of the research was all education workers of Shiraz city, numbering 665 people. From this statistical population, 200 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In order to collect the required data, the questionnaire of innovation (Prajgo and Hussel (2003), creativity of Randsib (1979) and organizational atmosphere of Halpin and Craft (2000) was used. The content and construct validity and reliability of the questionnaires with The use of Cronbach's test was checked and confirmed. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of structural equations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that innovative behavior has a positive relationship with organizational climate and creativity. Also, the results showed that organizational climate has a positive relationship with Innovative behavior andcreativity have a positive and meaningful relationship, and creativity has a positive and meaningful relationship with innovative behavior. Also, the results showed thatcreativity plays a mediating role in the relationship between organizational climate andinnovative behavior.

Some of the verses penned by Persian poets allude to specific mythological rituals, which can only be fully understood by examining the fundamental aspects of these ceremonies. In this research, we aim to explore the historical origins of the rite mentioned in the second stanza of a verse by Manochehri, a renowned ode poet from the 5th century AH. The verse in question is: "The vibrant capercaillie concealed in the farmland, like the bride submerged in the abyss of the China Sea." To achieve this objective, the authors of this study have employed mythological theories and referenced various myths through a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of our research indicate that, during a particular period in China, young girls were offered as sacrifices in rivers, adorned with decorative attire and makeup, for reasons such as bestowing life and averting floods.

Losing a family member is the biggest crisis a person has to face. Due to the quarantine conditions and the lack of mourning and emotional evacuation, and due to the fact that mourning is a social reaction, the aim of this study was to investigate the participants' experience of mourning after the death of a family member due to coronary heart disease. In this research, descriptive phenomenological qualitative research (lived experience) has been used to collect and evaluate information about the experience of mourning. Twelve participants who experienced the death of a family member were selected by purposive sampling method and data collection was continued through in-depth interviews with them until the data reached saturation. Data analysis and interpretation were performed by Colaizzi method and phenomenological approach. After analyzing the results, four main clusters and ten sub-clusters were extracted. The results of this study confirm that the lack of mourning in coronary heart disease survivors has had significant consequences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between different types of pain coping styles and attentional bias to facial expressions of headache in people with migraines. To this end, 44 individuals with migraine and 43 healthy controls in the age range of 18 to 50 years were selected as a sample of this study through available sampling method. The materials that we used in this study were the “Coping styles” questionnaire and “Dot Probe task”. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to statistically analyze the data. The results show in terms of coping styles, there was a significant difference between the two groups. The control group used avoidance and problem-oriented styles significantly more than the individuals in migraine group. no significant difference between attentional bias towards facial expressions of headache in people with migraines and healthy controls. This finding potentially indicates that information processing with pain content in these people is carried out without any biases and probably has no role in maintaining the disease. However, attention to pain coping styles should be considered in the treatment process and teaching effective coping techniques.

Dairy products are good sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Proteolytic activity as one of the physiological properties of LAB plays important role in generating the aroma and taste of various cheeses, and reducing their ripening time. Therefore, the identification of multi functional strains can result in introducing novel cultures in order to manufacture the products with desired sensory properties and health-promoting effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proteolytic activity and probiotic properties of some LAB and their ability to produce aromatic compounds.

In this research, the proteolytic activity of three strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus delbruekii, and Lactobacillus fermentum was measured using the well diffusion method in Skim milk agar medium. Also, some safety properties including resistance to antibiotics such as erythromycin, penicillin, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin and chloramphenicol, hemolytic activity and production of biogenic amines and a number of probiotic characteristics including cell surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and antimicrobial activity of these 3 strains were investigated. In addition, the ability to produce two aromatic compounds, diacetyl and acetylene, was evaluated qualitatively.

The diameter of the halos created as a result of the proteolytic activity of L. fermentum, L. delbrueckii and L. lactis subsp. lactis was 29.5, 25 and 15.7 mm, respectively. These strains were resistant to gentamicin and vancamycin and sensitive to chlorphenicol. The studied strains did not show any hemolytic activity and the ability to produce biogenic amines was not observed in them. In L. fermentum, L. delbruekii and L. lactis subsp lactis, the level of cell surface hydrophobicity was 83.33, 62.67 and 8.94%, respectively, and the auto-aggregation rate was 35.68%, 23.61% and 7.16% respectively. All three strains had a relatively high co-aggregation percentage with S. aureus S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes and E. coli and showed a good antimicrobial effect on the studied pathogens. Also, the highest intensity of color resulting from the production of diacetyl and acetoin was observed in L. fermentum and L. delbruekii, respectively.

In this research, it was found that all three strains are safe and have good probiotic properties. In addition, due to their proteolytic activity, these strains are capable of producing the aromatic compounds of diacetyl and acetoin. In conclusion,, L. lactis subsp lactis, L. delbruekii and L. fermentum bacteria can be used as starter cultures to produce cheeses with a shorter ripening period and health-promoting potential.

Different physicochemical factors influence the growth of Haematococcus pluvialis and should be assessed in order to optimal production of biomass and its chemical composition. There is few information on the effect of gradual nitrogen limitation on the microalgae.  Hence, in the present study the effects of gradual nitrogen removal from culture medium, in two stages, on growth, chlorophyll and astaxanthin content, biochemical compounds and fatty acid profile in H. pluvialis was evaluated. During 55 days culture, biomass production and chlorophyll content in the treatment group showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the control, whilst no significant change was observed in the astaxanthin content. The highest content of astaxanthin was observed before the replacement of culture medium in both experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, the content of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate in the nitrogen-free culture showed a significant decrease. Fatty acid profile showed a reduction in unsaturated fatty acid with nitrogen limitation. Overall, the results showed that the stepwise nitrogen depletion caused a change in biochemical composition of microalgae. In the same condition, as the algal cells were gradually subjected to severe stress, consequently, the production of astaxanthin was not affected.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of satisfaction of teachers and students with each of the components of the virtual classroom. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study was all sixth-grade students and teachers at Birjand in the academic year of 2019-2020. From which of them, 53 teachers and 130 students by convenience sampling method were selected. The researcher-made questionnaire of satisfaction with the virtual class, which has 10 components, was distributed among the subjects. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and related professors and the reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.74. The data were analyzed in SPSS program using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-sample t-test. The results show that the mean of all components of the virtual class compared to the theoretical value t (3) are at a level below 0.01 significant level and below average. According to the results, it can be concluded that the transfer from the traditional system to the online education in the school was not very satisfactory, and teachers and students are not satisfied with the virtual class in the current way, and if the current situation continues, more research should be done on the efficiency of this system.

Gamma aminobutyricacid is a non-protein amino acid with various physiological characteristics that is used as a synthetic supplement for healing anxiety, acute stress and sleeping disorders. Due to the demand for natural bioactive components, producing gamma aminobutyric acid enriched foods and supplements via biological methods has been popular in recent years.

In this study, one factor at a time approach was used to study effects of various protein hydrolysates, including soy protein isolate,whey protein concentrate and caseinat different concentrations (1-5% wv-1), fermentation time (24, 48 and 72 h)and inoculum size (1, 3 and 5% v v-1) on gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis. Then, the most effective parameters such as concentrationof soy protein hydrolysate, inoculum size and fermentation time at various levels were studied using central composite design based response surface methodology for gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis by Lactiplantibacillus plantarumMCM4.

Of various protein hydrolysates, soy protein hydrolysate was more appropriate for gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis. Moreover, higher gamma aminobutyric acid contents were achieved when soy protein with extended enzymatic hydrolysis for 6 h (soy protein hydrolysate6)was used as the substrate. The polynomial mathematic model could predict gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis successfully. Optimization using central composite design indicated that the maximum gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis yield (19.4 mg 100 ml-1) was achieved under the optimum conditions (fermentation time of 29 h, inoculum size of 3.65% v v-1and Soy Protein Hydrolysate 6 concentration of 3.9% w v-1). Overall,Lactobacillus plantarumMCM4 was suggested as a novel lactic acid bacteria species to produce gamma aminobutyric acid from inexpensive sources.

The Shiites like the others were active in many occupations to meet their needs and society’s. The recommendation of prophet’s Family on having an occupation has been effective in this regard. Considering the specific status of Shiites in time of Occultation, the present research is to investigate all kinds of professions done by the companions of Imam Hassan Askari (PBUH). Due to the lack of sources, it was difficult to achieve the data on the issue. However, 26 out of 110 companions’ occupations could be specified based on the present historical data. The diversity of those professions such as calligraphy, selling flour, producing oil, carpentry, and coppersmith shows the presence of Imam in different domains of economic life in that era as well as the companions’ simultaneous effort related to learning the sciences of Prophet’s Family on one hand and doing ordinary jobs on the other hand.