فهرست مطالب زهرا فیض آبادی

 Parents (especially mothers) undergo severe stress and experience psychological distress after the diagnosis of their child's cancer. there are individual differences among mothers in distress tolerance. The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of the mother’s distress tolerance on the internalization and externalization problems in children with cancer.

 The study was a descriptive correlational study. 130  mothers who have a child with cancer and admitted to the Pediatric Cancer Hospital (Mahak) participated in this study. They completed two Distress Tolerance Scales (DTS) and Child Behavioral Inventory (CBCL) (a Parenting report version).

 Among the four dimensions of distress tolerance scale, emotion regulation had the most significant correlation with the internalization and externalization behavioral problems. This connection was more intense about internalizing problems. Simultaneously multiple regression analysis showed that the distress tolerance effected on child's physical complaints more than other factors; however, it could not predict law-breaking behavior in children at a significant level.

 The level of the mother's distress through parenting style, learning of coping with stress and quality of interaction with the child can influence the internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children.

Individuals have been sentenced to prison for beating are divided into two categories of Premeditated and impulsive aggression that use different patterns of violence. Although research has emphasized the psychological problems of these groups, it is not clear how they differ from one another in psychiatric problems.

The purpose of this study was to compare psychological disorder among prisoners in two groups with non-violent prisoners.

 In this study, 151 prisoners were selected by random sampling (from the list of prisoners). All of them completed two questionnaires of Impulsivity and premeditated Violence Scales (IPAS and SCL-90-R 90-item Syndrome Inventory). Using the IPAS scale to determine the cut-off point of the scores, a standard deviation score above the mean was considered. Based on the cut-off point in each of the scales, three groups of non-violent, impulsive and premeditated violent were divided and finally two groups of premeditated and impulsive violence were compared with the non-violent group.

 impulsive aggression individuals obtain higher score on the variables of somatization, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and phobic anxiety, and Premeditated aggressive showed more paranoid and psychotic thoughts. The T-test revealed the significant difference between the two groups of Premeditated and impulsive violence in the components of somatization, obsession, depression and paranoid thoughts of the impulsive group achieved higher scores and the intentional violent group had interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety. They demonstrated less phobic anxiety and higher psychotic disorder.

 both of violent groups harmed by psychiatric problems more than non-violent defendants, but it seems that this deferential wouldn’t be in a line. Impulsive group tend to be more neurotic, and deliberate tend to be psychotic.

Seven- hundred and twenty- six undergraduate students of Tehran universities in the field of humanities & technical-engineering science have been studied on empathy aspects, identity styles and commitment. The "Interpersonal Reactivity Index" (IRI) (Davis, 1983) and "Identity Style Inventory" (ISI- 6G) (White, Wampler& Winn, 1998) were utilized. Results of correlation indicated that emotional empathy had a significantly positive relationship with normative and avoidance identity styles and significantly negative correlation with commitment. Cognitive empathy (Perspective-taking) had a significantly positive correlation with information identity style. Multiple regressions analyses suggested that the most important predictor’s variables for emotional empathy were respectively: normative identity style, commitment,sex, educational major and avoidance identity style. The most important predictor variable for perspective-taking was information identity style. Finally, multiple regression analyses for predicating commitment based on survey variables suggested that the most important predictor’s variables for commitment; informative and normative style were positive and respect to emotional empathy and avoidance style were negative