زهرا همتیان

The main characteristics of Obsessive –Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are unwanted, repetitive, and intrusive thoughts, as well as repetitive and disturbing systematical behaviors that are performed to avoid anxiety or neutralize obsessive thoughts. Obstructive patterns of perfectionism and inflexibility are characteristic of patients with OCD. Perfectionism is defined as a set of highly desirable criteria for performance and is associated with extreme critical evaluation. Perfectionism has consequences such as depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and guilt feeling. Compassionate therapy is one of the postmodern treatments and a behavioral approach. This treatment is based on physiological (psycho –neural) principles. Many studies have found self –compassion as a strong predictor of mental health promotion. Among the characteristics of patients with OCD are endemic patterns of perfectionism and rigidity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassionate therapy on perfectionism and guilt feeling in female adolescents with OCD living in Yazd City, Iran.

This research method was quasi –experimental with a pretest –posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female secondary high school students in Yazd who were studying in the 2016 –2017 academic year. The sample consisted of 30 female high school students with OCD. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The number of students in each group was 15. In the experimental group, students were trained in self –improvement techniques. However, these techniques were not taught to the control group. The study data were collected using Obsessive –Compulsive Inventory–Revised (Foa et al., 2002), Ahwaz Perfectionism Scale (Najarian et al., 1999), and Guilt Inventory (Kugler & Jones, 1992). The experimental group was treated with compassionate therapy techniques in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including an analysis of covariance in SPSS software. The level of significance was considered 0.05.

The results showed that by removing the effect of pretest scores, teaching compassion therapy techniques significantly reduced the scores of perfectionism (p<0.001) and guilt (p=0.003) in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Based on the research findings, the techniques of compassionate mind therapy can be used as a practical approach to reducing perfectionism and the guilt of female adolescents with OCD.

The current study investigates the effect of hyperopic orthokeratology lenses (Boston XO) in correction of presbyopia based on the Monovision technique.

 This is a clinical trial study. Eleven individuals (have been recruited for this study, after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial examinations were carried out for ordering the contact lenses.  After complete training of how to use the contact lens, fluorescein pattern was evaluated for centrality and proper fitting. Participants were asked to wear the lens for seven nights on the non-dominant eye. In the morning of 1th and 7th days, one hour after the lens removal, examinations were repeated. We conducted the initial examination and repeated them in day one and day seven after use of the lens and after one week wash out, in day fourteen. The changes in refraction, visual acuity, corneal thickness and corneal curvature were evaluated.Analysis was performed using the analysis method of variance with duplicate measurement and Bonferroni follow-up test at the error level of 5% with use of SPSS version 24.

Statistical population of this study was include of people between 43-50 years old, without any problem in visual acuity for distance that need correction for near. In tested eye, central thickness of the cornea was increased in 1th and 7th day. Also the central curvature were steeper and the peripheral curvature were flatter and the amount of myopia were increased. These changes were significant in 1th and 7th days and return to initial amount in 14th day.

Hyperopic orthokeratology lenses (Boston Xo) could be considered as an option for correction of presbyopia in monovision technique.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness and the attention bias program on attention, inhibition and emotional regulation among children with generalised anxiety disorder. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The population of this study consisted of 30 children with generalised anxiety disorder referred to psychiatric clinics in Tehranchr('39')s 20th district selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an integrated program of attention correction and mindfulness for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition, parents of all participants completed the brief executive functions test at pre-test and post-test. Data were statistically analysed at two levels of descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (multivariate analysis of covariance). The results of this study showed that the program of correcting attention bias and mindfulness had an effect on the amount of attention, inhibition and emotion control among children with generalised anxiety disorder (p < 0.001). According to the findings of this study, it could be concluded that the combination of the treatment of attention bias and mindfulness improves executive functions in children with generalized anxiety and can be used in clinical interventions.