فهرست مطالب زینب خوشرو

Pregnant women experience subtle mental and physical changes during pregnancy. This study aims to find the predictors of the fear of COVID-19 and the COVID-19-related anxiety among pregnant women in Mazandaran, northern Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 pregnant women from six cities in Mazandaran province from June to February 2021. They were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method from among those visiting health centers affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data collection was done using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) and the Corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS). Descriptive statistics and analytical tests including the generalized linear model (GLM) were used in SPSS software, version 24, and STATA software, version 17.

The mean scores of fear and anxiety were 21.89±5.87 and 16.63±11.71, respectively. According to the GLM model, factors such as age, number of pregnancies, number of living children, level of COVID-19-related anxiety were the significant predictors of the fear of COVID-19 (P<0.05), while the number of pregnancies, infection with COVID-19 among close contacts during pregnancy, and fear of COVID-19 were the significant predictors of COVID-19-related anxiety (P<0.05).

Given the predictors of fear and anxiety related to COVID-19 among pregnant women, providing educational programs by mass media or health centers to these women can has an effective role in controlling or alleviating their anxiety and fear during the health-related disasters.

The main of this study was to investigate the reasons, aspects, and consequences of gypsy’s women’s exclusion in the "Cheshmeh Kaboud” in Ilam County. This research is based on qualitative methods (ethnography). Data collected through participatory observation and interview. In addition, data analyzed using thematic analysis method. We are sampling from12 native women (recourse of exclusion) and18gypsies women (Target of exclusion). The results have shown that native women’s exclude gypsies women because of these reasons: stereotypical beliefs, lack following sanitary rules, the behavior of gypsies child in school, a common sight in the community, violence among gypsies. Inattention to religious values. Inattention to native cultural values. Gypsies have believed that the most important reasons for their exclusion are these: Special events, Effect of technology on their life, stigmatization, gender stereotypes. The aspects of gypsies’ women’s exclusion in this research are the exclusion of facilities, institutional distrust, exclusion of social relevancies, and exclusion of protection. The consequences of this problem are financial deprivation, informational deprivation, celibacy of gypsy’s girls. The gypsy’s women made some strategies against social exclusion: mutual reaction, choosing the name, seclusion, resistance against natives, special lifestyle, hiding identity, transition of making tools.

Ilam province is among the provinces with the lowest Cohabitation (leading to divorce) in young couples. This issue has become one of the serious social problems in there. The main question of the article is what are the reasons for early divorces in Ilam city. The conceptual framework is symbolic, and constructivist interaction approaches. The article is done by grounded theory method. The research samples are 21 divorced or on the verge of divorce men or women in Ilam. By analyzing the data from semi-structured interviews in the initial coding stage, 261 concepts and 16 main categories were extracted. The causal conditions governing early divorce were: Functional marriage: Perception of marriage as overcoming personal and family crises, Passivity, haste in marriage, traditional confrontation with the engagement period, showing behavior in the engagement period, failure to deal logically with issues, Disagreement and suspicion. The situation of the phenomenon was the dominance of the traditional-semi-traditional space and the distinctions of generational objects. The authority of traditional actors, the barriers to separation during the engagement, the family struggle for possession of the couple, the fragility of life economically, and the negligence of the second marriage were among the categories that influenced the phenomenon. Unfavorable marriage is one of the consequential categories of the present study and finally the central category of the research was named as early divorces and trying to get rid of the discourse of tradition