فهرست مطالب زینب زارع

Most organizations face a challenge in making strategic decisions in the current business environment. In this regard, business analysis integrates the data of an organization and provides analytical reports for the decision-making of the managers, and therefore can indirectly affect the economic performance of the company. But on the other hand, the ineffectiveness of business analysis on performance has many negative effects that could be examined. On the other hand, the quality of information and innovation capabilities with the impact of business analysis and organization agility through increasing the flexibility, speed and quality of the organization can be effective in this process. The purpose of the study is to examine the role of business analysis on the agility and performance of tile and ceramic factories. The sample size includes 360 employees and managers of Yazd province using the Cochran formula, and a questionnaire used for collecting information. In terms of purpose, this is an applied study and descriptive in nature. Hypotheses were developed based on the theoretical background of business intelligence, business analysis and performance management. The results indicate the significant effect of business analysis capabilities on information quality (with a path coefficient of 0.598) and innovation capabilities (with a path coefficient of 0.463). Information quality and innovation capabilities effect on the dependent variable of agility with path coefficients of 0.482 and 0.359, respectively. The effect of agility path on performance has the highest path coefficient (0.770).

Rice is one of the most important grains in the world and large part of its consumption is related to Middle East. Iran ranks 23rd in production, 26th in cultivation, and 13th in rice consumption with nearly 560,000-hectare rice lands and an annual production of nearly 2.5 million tons. In natural and agricultural ecosystems, plants are associated with large populations of microorganisms in the rhizosphere, endosphere (inside the root), leaves (phyllosphere), as well as pollen and seeds. These microorganisms spend all or part of their life cycle inside the healthy tissues of host plant without any obvious sign of disease. The stable coexistence between endophytes and plants is due to production of biological secondary metabolites with a unique structure, which positively affects the survival of plant growth in adverse conditions. Studies have shown that endophytic fungi increase resistance to drought, insects, diseases and host tolerance level, especially in stress conditions. Considering the increase in the risk of dehydration and the lack of sufficient water resources and the development and adoption of aerobic rice cultivation, it is important to identify endophytic fungi that increase tolerance to drought stress and improve the growth factors of the host plant. There are relatively few studies on endophytic fungi that colonize healthy tissues of rice plants under aerobic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate endophytic fungal collections in different parts of aerobically cultivated rice plants.

In this study, in order to identify endophytic fungi in aerobic cultivation of rice in Golestan province, sampling were carried out from several aerobic rice fields in Golestan province, including Gorgan, Kordkuy, Bandar Gaz, Aliabad and Kalaleh cities during the months of May to September in 2019-2020. Plant tissues were transferred to the laboratory (Department of Plant Protection) in separate paper bags along with specifications. Purification was performed on a 2% water-agar medium using Hyphal tip method. Based on investigations and morphological data, a number of isolates were selected as representatives for molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelia grown in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) culture medium according to the CTAB method with a slight modification, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed according to Nemati and Abdulhazadeh method. The ITS region (ITS4-5.8S-ITS5) of the selected isolates was amplified during the PCR reaction using ITS5 (5'-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3') and ITS4 (5'- TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3') primers and The β-tubulin region was amplified by T1 (5'-AACATGCGTGAGATTGTAAGT-3') and β Sandy-R (5'-GCRCGNGGVACRTACTTGTT-3') primers. Purification and sequencing of PCR products was done by Pishgam Biotechnology Company. The sequences of ITS and β-tubulin regions were modified and extracted using Chromas 2.6.6 software. Nucleotide sequences of the selected isolates were compared with the available sequences in the Gene bank by Blast algorithm and the sequences data were submitted in the NCBI database website. Phylogenetic trees were drawn using the Maximum likelihood method and MEGA 6.06 software.

Based on preliminary morphological studies, 20 isolates were selected as representatives of purified isolates and were identified by molecular analysis. In this study, a total of 39 fungal isolates were obtained, that the highest number of the isolates belonged to the pods of rice plants with the frequency of 17 isolates and the lowest number of isolates belonged to the roots of rice plants with 10 isolates. Among the 6 genera identified in this research, the largest number of isolates was belonged to Alternaria and Fusarium genera, with 18 and 6 isolates, respectively, and the highest number of species was belonged to Fusarium genus with 6 species. Fungal species include: F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, F. solani, F. fujikuroi, F. verticillioides, S. bactrocephalum, N. sphaerica, N. oryzae, A. alternata, E. nigrum, C. cladosporioides. Among these species, Nigrospora sphaerica, E. nigrum and S. bactrocephalum are reported for the first time in this study as rice plant endophytes in Iran.

Investigation of endophytic fungi in the present study indicates that some of these isolates, including F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi are pathogenic fungi. It means that range of the endophytic life and pathogenic life cannot be separated and determined and environmental conditions and nutritional status determine the type of interaction. F. chlamydosporum causes Fusarium root and crown rot, is reported in some sources as an endophytic fungus in various plants.

"Caring behavior" are actions that are performed for the well-being of the patient. Nurses and patients' perceptions of caring behavior may differ. The aim of this study was comparison of nurses’ and patients' perspective on caring behaviors in intensive care units of educational and medical hospitals affiliated Golestan University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive- analytical, cross-sectional study was performed in 2021 in intensive care units (ICU, CCU, hemodialysis) in educational and medical centers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Cluster and census random sampling were used to select hospitals and nurses, respectively. The patients entered into the study by convenience sampling. Data collected using Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI) questionnaire consisting of 42 questions and five domains (respect for others, ensuring human presence, communication and positive attitude, knowledge and professional skills and attention to other experiences) with six-point Likert responses. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests.

149 nurses and 145 patients were studied. The mean of nurses’ caring behaviors from the nurses and patients’ perspectives were 229.07±14.65 and 208.79±19.92 respectively. The CBI’ scores in each of five domains were significantly higher in nurses than patients (P-value <0.001).

The difference between patients' and nurses' perception about caring behaviors confirms that although nurses' perspective is that they perform care well, but from patients' point of view, nurses have not been able to meet their expectations.

A photonic crystal waveguide is provided in this article. The structure is two-dimensional array of silicon bars arranged in a triangular arrangement. Rods is placed in the air background and the x-z surface.  The waveguide structure is created by removing the silicon bars. In this splitter, band gap arrangement was investigated by FDTD method. The waveguide can play the role of a splitter. With this array, a two-port and three-port splitter has been created. The two-dimensional Splitter leads the waves in two channels. The three-port splitter permits electromagnetic waves to be emitted with a 180 ° phase shifted between output signals. In this three-port splitter, the measured transmission spectra shown that the guided mode can be separated into three different lights. Since the splitter is made up of the photonic crystal structure, it has fewer losses. This issue is an important matter in the photonic circuitry.

The Feasibility to resale of goods in Shiite 's JurisprudenceThere are some cases in our Jurisprudence and law system relating to legally binding of breaching a promise including right of confiscation ,the right of canceling a contract through contractual options and guarantees. Beside common guarantees in article88 of the convention of International sale of Goods1980(CISG) ,it also enables two sides to sell the goods to a third party to guarantee possible losses in case of breaching a promise .Review of the case in the convention and possibility of it's possibility in Iran's law in the various assumptions of the Convention can be explored in the form of different jurisprudential institutions based on jurisprudence rules including . retaliation would help us to establish the right of resale of goods in our civil and commercial rules .Keywords: resale of goods, receipts, creditor's refusal of receipts, retribution, loss of seller, Imami jurisprudence

Zagros forests with an area over six million hectares are important for economic, social and environmental aspects. More than one million hectare of Zagros forests has been declined. This research was carried out by selecting six sites at different altitudes and slopes. At each site, 30 oak (Quercus brantii) trees were selected. Sampling was done at any point on a certain level with an area of 20 hectares.  It was achieved in June and October and 20 elemental parameters were measured. In order to investigate the relationship between ionomics and oak decline, oak stands were classified into healthy, endangered, and damaged bases. The results of univariate analysis of variance based on three factors of season, region, and crown health index showed a significant difference in the number of elements such as N, P, C, K, C / P, C / K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, Si in spring and autumn (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference among six sites examined for the amount of C, C / P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Ni. In terms of health index, a significant difference was observed amongst N, P, C / P, K / P, N / K, C / N. The results of the principle component analysis indicate that the traits with the greatest effect on the explanation of the first component can be used as decline factors. The present study provided a precise estimate of the ionome characteristics of Iranian oak, in order to provide a suitable step for enhancing the ability of oak species to cope with environmental problems.

Since in Iranian jurisprudence and law, the mentally retarded people have not been clearly included among the ward (minor, incompetents and lunatics), their position and legal status are required to be studied. The current research aims at filling the existing gap in this field and eradication of ambiguities and doubts as well as legal and judiciary gaps through a serious effort. Having referred to the library sources, professional software, psychiatric centers, courts and psychiatric hospitals, the effects and symptoms of various types of mental retardation have been studied from the perspective of psychiatry as well as the cause of the need of the ward for legal guardian as mentioned in jurisprudence and civil law, it became clear that weak mental retardation due to the weak will and lack of concentration on affairs regarding various issues has more commonalities with lunacy from the point of view of jurists and legal experts and represents one of the extensions of lunacy. Meanwhile, weakness of will in the mediocre mentally retarded people is not restricted to financial issues and they do not have sufficient growth in nonfinancial issues either and they require more protection as compared to the lunatics. Thus, they need to be protected in the form of a specific type of ward. In fact, these individuals are at the same level with discerning minor. The severe mentally retarded people though are not called lunatic in the public should be legally protected like the lunatics due to their lack of intention and will based on the legal principles and regulations.

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) are the main components of the immune system, including lymphocytes and monocytes. These cells are being used in most immunological studies and therefore, isolation, culture and transfection of these cells are of great importance. The transfection of these cells is currently a key concern; this is because most common methods of transfection into the PBMCs are not well suited. The purpose of this study was to compare and optimize the effects of three commercial methods (PolyFect, Lipofectamine 2000 and Lipofectamine 3000) on PBMC transfection using PMAX-GFP vector. PBMC cells were isolated from the peripheral blood by Ficole. Following the cell culture, the PMAX-GFP vector was transfected into the cells using the Polyfect, Lipopactamine 2000 and Lipopactamine 3000. After 24, 72 and 120 hours, the transfection rate for each method was evaluated by fluorescence microscope. Based on the obtained results, the level of transfection for PBMCs by Lipopactamine 2000 and Lipopactamine 3000 at all times was about 2-3%. The amount of transfection of these cells by the Polyfect after 120 hours was about 70%. Generally, the efficiency of transfection of PBMCs s by Polyfect was probably the best in terms of increasing time, which introduces a new method forgene transfer into these cells. However, further studies are required to achieve the highest conversion efficiency of PBMC cells.

In this paper, the transmission spectrum of a disordered binary one dimensional photonic crystal with a defect layer is investigated in two states, the disordered of thickness and the disordered of optical path length in both polarizations TE and TM. Then the displacement of defect mode wavelengths is studied. As we observed the defect mode shifts toward the larger wavelength when the degree of disorder get increased in both symmetric and asymmetric cases. Furthermore, in a given degree of disorder the defect mode shifts toward the shorter wavelength as the incident angles get increased. These displacements are more tangible in TE polarization. In the symmetric structure the height of defect modes gets decreased by increasing the degree of disorder.

The research was conducted based on genetic variation of a black saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) plant population to find possible differences between the genotypes of the population, confronting various levels of water stress. A great number of progenies of four genotypes of the species were studied under four levels of water stress, field capacity, 20, 50, and 80% of available water by the plant, using a factorial statistical model based on randomized complete block design. Branch number and length, mainstem and crown diameter, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf osmotic potential were recorded during and at the end of growing season. Studies on genotype and water stress factors revealed, although there were significant differences between the genotypes based on the studied characters, water stress levels were not significantly different based on the short duration of the research. Species such as Haloxylon, which is not fast growing species, would not respond to the stress levels during a short period of time. The genotypes were significantly different based on leaf chlorophyll content. Correlation coefficients between the morphologic characteristics were also noticeable. Negative significant correlation between leaf chlorophyll with branch number and trunk diameter implied that desert plant species such as the species under study would take advantage of light color of less chlorophyll content to cope with high temperature and sun light of their habitats.

Increasing prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) with their multidrug resistance potential causes difficulties in the treatment of infections due to these bacteria. Hence, the detection and determination of the frequency of MRSA strains via phenotypical and molecular methods is necessary in different parts of the county. In this cross- sectional study, 150 Staphylococcus aureus strains were collected from different clinical samples in the hospitals located in Shiraz and Jahrom, Iran. To detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, we used phenotypical methods such as disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration by E-Test, and PCR molecular method for mass gene. The frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 63 strains (42%) using disc diffusion and E-Test. while in PCR method, in addition to 63 strains, nine other isolates, which were sensitive to oxacillin by disc diffusion and E-Test, possessed also mecA gene. By and large, 72 isolates (48%) had methicillin resistance gene. Given the results of phenotypical and molecular methods, the frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was relatively high in this area. Thus, the MRSA strains can be detectable as soon as possible by accurate and sensitive methods such as PCR to determinate the effective antibiotics.

A major part of drought tolerance mechanisms of Haloxylon aphyllum depends on the depth and number of lateral roots by which the required water is absorbed from more soil volume. Therefore، this research was conducted to evaluate H. aphyllum root morphologic variation and its response to water stress. Progenies of four genotypes taken from a plant population of the species were used in the experiment. Seedlings were exposed to four levels of water stress. At the end of growing period، several root characteristics، such as hairy root density، root length، and root volume were recorded. Genotypes were significantly different for the studied characteristics. The characteristics were highly affected by the water stress treatments. The root characters also varied in responding to the water stress treatments. Root increment at all levels of water stress was also noticeable. In other words، facing water stress، the plant species increased its roots to reach more water. Effects of water deficit on root volume were also noticeable، in such a way that the first level of water stress showed the most recorded root volume. This implies، facing water deficit، Haloxylon roots are increased to cover more soil volume to intake more water.

The aim of this article is to investigate the structure of language in Ahmad poetry. Since violation of norms and defamiliarization have been used a lot in one of his works named “Kafshhaye Mokashefeh”, this work provides the data of this research. The linguistic structure of this work is analyzed by using Formalist and Structuralist models and frameworks. On the basis of this, it can be said that the poet’s stylistic innovations are manifested in various forms at phonetic, lexical and syntactic levels. In other words, the poet’s innovations at each of these levels trigger the formation of a new and unique style. The main characteristic of this new style is the harmony created between formal elements and the meaning of the poem so that the poem functions not only as a tool for conveying the message but also the emotions of the poet to the reader via the words.

According to Russian formalists and French structuralists, the basic element in each poem is its structure. Thus, structuralists’ reviews mostly focus on the surface structure of the poem to investigate its linguistic dimensions and discover its structural innovations. Accordingly, literary forms are based on language forms that pave the way for literary analysis. In this regard, the language of poetry is one of the components in the symbiosis of linguistics and literature. The analysis of phonetic structure, which includes rhetorical embellishments or aesthetic elements of the text, is an assured path in investigating such symbiosis. In such analysis, literary creation is studied on the basis of a hierarchy which consists of three levels: phonetic, lexical, and syntactic. Ahmad Azizi is one of the contemporary poets of Islamic Revolution whose poetry represents the selection and combination of various linguistic features in the speech chain. Such selections and combinations create a special kind of music in the phonetic structure of poem which is the consequence of words and the arrangement of syntactic structure of sentences. This study gives an aesthetic analysis of the phonetic structure of Ahmad Azizi’s book entitled "Revelation Shoes" and examines some of its features.