فهرست مطالب ساسان رزمجو

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Locoregional treatment of this disease includes surgery and radiotherapy. Placement of surgical clips to determine the tumor bed is very helpful in radiotherapy planning. It seems that in southwest of Iran, surgeons are less familiar with this issue or have not realized its importance, leading to their insufficient use of this technique. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the frequency of clips placement in breast cancer patients in this region.

This retrospective study was performed on all women with breast cancer referring to the department of clinical oncology at Golestan Hospital from April 2016 to March 2017. The frequency of clips placement was determined among patients who had undergone breast conserving surgery in this 2-year period. The demographic and clinicopathological data of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.

Out of a total of 1059 patients with breast cancer, 944 (89.14%) underwent breast-conserving surgery, of whom 89 (8.40%) had undergone surgical clips placement. The mean number of clips was 3, and in 58 patients (65.17%) more than 3 clips were placed.

Considering the small number of clipped cases in this region (and probably throughout Iran), it is recommended that training workshops be held for surgeons so that they become more familiar with the importance and necessity of surgical clips placement and its technique.

The family relationships of parents suffering from cancer change following the onset of physical problems, the experience of depression and the lack of emotional access. This study aimed to compare the negative orientation of adolescent girls with mothers with and without breast cancer toward the problem, hopelessness and perceived stress.

This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all the adolescent girls 13-18 years old referring to the oncology ward of Golestan Teaching Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran during a 6-month period accompanying their mothers suffering from breast cancer. The girls for the group with mothers with cancer (n=57, mean age 16.31 ±4.65 years) and the group with mothers without cancer (n=57, mean age 16.02  ±3.27 years) were selected using convenient and multistage sampling, respectively. Both groups completed the Robichuad and Dogus negative orientation to problem questionnaire, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Chohen Pecieved Stress Scale.  Data were analyzed using the one-way and multivariate analysis of variance (with a p<0.05 to show statistical significance) with the software SPSS-22.

There were significant differences between the two groups as regards the variables of negative orientation toward the problem and hopelessness (F= 4.21; p<0.05), while no significant difference was found between them as regards perceived stress (F= 0.015 P= 0.90).

The children of cancer patients have psychological problems and, therefore, need guidance and support. Improvements in the psychological conditions of children will improve their relationship with their mothers, who will then feel more relieved.

Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third generation behavior therapy in treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression and anxiety among women with breast cancer in the Ahvaz city.
In this Quasi-Experimental study with pre-test and post-test, control group, the sample group was selected by available sampling method from women with breast cancer who referred to Golestan hospital, the department of clinical oncology of Ahvaz. All patients had finished their chemotherapy. Thirty patients that have had high depression and anxiety scores with high acceptance and action scores in pre-test qustionnaires were chosen and randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups (each group with 15 subjects). The experimental group experienced the treatment based on commitment and acceptance group therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. These questionnaires again conducted on both group in post-test.
The results of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up exams showed that the mean depression scores (19.27, 16.13, and 15.53) and the mean anxiety scores (35.20, 29.20, and 28.13) significantly decreased in experimental group compared to the control group respectively. The decrease significantly continued after two-month fallow-up (depression P The results emphasize the importance of using acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with cancer suffering from depression and/or anxiety, and offer new horizons to psychological based clinical interventions in these patients.

Distribution of dose depends on the treatment field and the presence of multiple collimators sheet at the direction of the photons. The aim of this study is evaluating and comparing the effects of the presence and absence of electrons contamination on the dose distribution with the use of computed tomography.
Subjects and Varian linear accelerator (2100 C / D) was simulated with Primo and BEAMnrc codes for photon with 5.9 MV nominal energy. This study was done for 15 patients with eyes tumor undergoing single field photon therapy.
The maximum depth dose treatment volume aggregation in the presence and the absence of electrons contamination was occurred at 1.3cm3 and 2cm3, respectively. Differential dose volume histogram concluded 80% of total dose in the presence and absence of electrons, 90%±0.5 and 80%±2 of the eye volume covered, respectively.
The main goal of radiation therapy is delivering the highest dose to the planning treatment volume and minimal radiation dose to organs at risk. In this case, the percent of the eye and treatment volume which taken 80% and 90% dose has 10% reduction and 5% increased by removing electrons contamination, respectively.

Electron beams, due to its fast reduction in dose, are widely used for the treatment of superficial tumors. The small fields are needed in order to achieve the optimal plan of treatment during electron therapy of small tumors. But lack of full lateral scattering equilibrium is a crucial obstacle during measuring of the output factor.The aim of this study is to find an analytical equation for the output factors of Varian2100 CD accelerator for different fields and energies. Subjects and Varian2100 CD accelerator and 0.6 cc Farmer dosimeter located in reference depth inside the water phantom were used, to dose measurement. Using present applicators and shielding blocks inserted at the end scraper of 10  10 cm2 applicator, electron fields size range from 2  2 cm2 to 20  20 cm2 were established. Output factors for energies of 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15 MeV were measured and related equations were extracted. The best fit polynomial functions on the measured output factors were extracted. Low (4 MeV) and high (15 MeV) electron beams followed - 3.143 L-2.51+1.031 (R=0.97) and -2.165L-2.02+1008(R=0.98) equations respectively. Output factors increase initially with increased field size up to 6×6 cm2 and then reach to the plateau around 15×5 cm2. The obtained analytical equations can be used to calculate the needed output factors for all the field sizes and electron beams energies.

There are some complications for TMR(Tissue Maximum Ratio) calculation in radiotherapy treatment planning system. For example in TMR calculation from PDD(Percentage depth dose), BSF(Back Scatter Factor) or measurement is difficult and inaccurate. The goal of this study was to calculate TMR from PDD in absence of scatter factors and its conversion to a computer software for promotion of treatment planning system(TPS) in radiotherapy departments. Subjects and Measurements of PDD was performed using Varian and Siemens accelerators at Ahvaz Golestan Hospital radiotherapy department, by ionization chamber CC13 and scanditronix water phantom, for both 6 and 18 MV therapeutic energies. Then an analytical equation for TMR calculation from PDD was defined. By this equation TMR values for square fields in different depths for 2-50MV therapeutic energies were determined. Finally we employed MATLAB software to produce a computer program to be used in TPS software. There was a good agreement between TMR values calculated by presented analytical equation and TMR values in the BJR(British Journal of Radiology) report. In most energies for therapeutic fields, the difference between analytical and BJR values was less than 2% for depths up to 10 cm, and less than 4% for depths up to 20cm. The presented analytical equation can quick calculate and quantify TMR for all therapeutic fields and energies.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in Europe and fourth common cancer in United State. The aim of this study was to gain insight about the statue of endometrial cancer in Khuzestan province over eleven year age. Subjects and

This descriptive and retrospective study included 130 medial records from patients with endometrial cancer referred to our Radiology-Oncology deparmtent of Golestan hopsital during eleven years (2001-2012). The patients were divided into two groups: 40 years age or youngr (group A) and older than 40 years (group B). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 using descriptive fisher exact test statistics.

The file data showed that 10 % (13/130) of the patients with endometrial cancer were aged 40 or lower. 84 % of all patients had “endometrioid type”. The prevalence of high-risk histology endometrial cancer (papillary serous and clear cell) significantly were higher in group B (P=0.04). However poor histologic grade (grade 3) and metastatic carcinoma (stage 4) were more frequent in patient older than 40, Although not statistically significant. (14.5 versus 7.7%, p=0.9) and (11.1% versus 7.7%, p=1).

It seems that incidence of endometrial cancer has increased among younger females. Although most of these patients had low stage cancers and grades, and low-risk endometrial carcinom and therefore, may have better prognosis.