فهرست مطالب سامان بهرامی کمانگر

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) with a high amount of protein and valuable minerals, is considered one of the important items in the Iranian food basket. Due to its adaptability to the harsh climatic conditions of the country's drylands, it is grown in 500,000 ha of rain-fed and dry areas of Iran.  It is considered as the most important county’s rainfed legume crop and because of its rotation cultivation with cereals, plays an important role in the sustainability of agriculture in these areas. Yellowing and wilting disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris is one of the most important diseases of the plant worldwide. The disease causes a quantitative and qualitative decrease in the production of the crop in all areas of the country. The most effective and economical method of managing and controlling the disease is the production and use of resistant cultivars.

In this study, 92 infested farms with suspected plants showing symptoms of yellowing and wilting were visited in the northwest and west of the country. The detailed characters of the samples were recorded. Subsequently, they were transferred to the laboratory and the pathogen was isolated from the host, purified and their pathogenicity on a susceptible chickpea variety was verified. For identification, in the first step, classical methods based on morphological characteristics and taxonomic keys were used, while in the second step, molecular techniques were applied.

Based on classical methods, all samples were characterized as a species of Fusarium genus (Fusarium spp.). Based on taxonomic and morphological methods, 39 isolates were identified as F.oxysporum. Subsequently, by using a molecular marker, the belonging of 32 isolates to the special form (forma specialis) of chickpea was confirmed. In the final step, using specific markers, 15 isolates were identified as races 1B/C, 2, 4 and 6. These results indicate the existence of races 2 and 4 among the collected samples, which is the first report of their presence in Iran. These findings can be used in the production of disease-resistant cultivars for the infested areas of the country.

Selecting and introducing of cold tolerant chickpea varieties with high yielding potential as well as suitable to autumn sowing has highly importance. Sel93TH24460 is hybrid of a cross, ILC 3470 × ILC 8617 which has done at International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). This genotype has been sent to Iran in an International cold tolerance nursery in 1999 and evaluated in different trials including international, national, advanced and adaptability yield trials and disease screening as well as on-farm examinations at autumn planting of cold areas during 2000 to 2010. According to the results, Saral (Sel93TH24460) with mean yield of 1.4 tons/hectare had increased performance rather than to the check varieties, Jam, Arman and ILC 482 by 15, 34 and 10 percent, respectively, and fairly tolerated -16°C at farm conditions. At controlled conditions of cold room, the mentioned line had considerable tolerance to below zero temperatures and its superiority has confirmed at on-farm trials. Regards to these results and protein assay trial; Saral has been released as a fall sowing variety for cold dry land regions.

Leaf (brown) rust, caused in wheat by the fungus Puccinia triticina is an important disease in north, west and south of Iran. Leaf rust is an endemic disease in Iran, which apperas in many parts of the country annually. Use of resistant cultivar is the best way to control this disease. To find resistant sources to the pathogen and use in the breeding program, it is necessary to determine virulence factors of the pathogen. In the present study, 12 locations were allocated in different parts of Iran to study virulence factors of the pathogen in trap nurseries with 37 leaf rust near isogeneic lines and a susceptible cultivar Bolani. Each line was sown in two rows of 1 meter length. The nurseries were maintained under natural infection of the pathogen. Reaction of each line was recorded at the time when infection on the susceptible control was at the maximum level, and presence of virulence for different resistance genes was determind. Results indicated presence of virulence for genes Lr1, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr3ka, Lr3bg, Lr10, Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr21, Lr22a, Lr22b, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr30, Lr32, Lr33 and Lrb. No virulence was detected for Lr9, Lr18, Lr19, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr36 and Lr37 genes. Use of these genes with combination of adult plant resistance genes is expectd to be a useful method to control of leaf rust disease.