فهرست مطالب ساناز صنایع گلدوز

Land-use planning knowledge in Iran includes a large body of data and information that necessitates efficient managing methods. Through definition of knowledge in land use planning studies of each sector, data exchange and sharing of information become easier and more useful. In recent years, ontological structuring of the terms related to a specific domain of knowledge and the relationships among them has developed greatly. The use of ontology approach facilitates exchange of information and understanding of the concepts and the relationships among users in different areas of knowledge. In this paper, using the software Protégé, the relationships were defined among land use information via the Web Ontology Language (WOL). Due to the vast extent of data gathered in land use planning studies in different fields, this study is limited to the environmental sector. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a model for managing land use planning knowledge based on ontology, and create a framework of concepts and different relationships in this field. In doing this, the hope is to share data and knowledge among specialists and organizations involved and increase the efficiency of these studies in Iran. As we know, the land use planning for the 31 provinces of Iran is becoming completed where each province has used its hard and software to handle and disseminate data and information produced during the process. Using the ontology concept introduced in the paper can help unify these measures and prevent reinventing the wheel as much as possible.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a supportive and important tool for sustainable development. A tool that easily establishes the relationship between the economy, society, health and the environment and plays an important role in advancing sustainable development goals. One of the factors that can be effective in performing a proper environmental impact assessment is its proper training. In EIA, the concept of training is a combination of information transmission, knowledge, and most often goal-based skills, legal requirements, procedures, approaches, and process-related tools. Since EIA has found its legal place in policy making of countries, its training has also been required to develop the users' software and the formal skills. In Iran, EIA training has a history of more than thirty years. Today there may be a greater need for EIA training through new technologies. Training in knowledge web format combines knowledge and technology together to respond to users' needs well and in an up-to-date manner. This paper presents the Knowledge Network using an ontology model for EIA in Iran. The upper ontology classifies the concepts and communications in the process of preparing and implementing EIA, and the lower ontology introduces a variety of Multimedia Objects (MMOs) by developing appropriate training scenarios. This ontology can be transformed into a computer language and gives users access to a variety of concepts in the field of environmental impact assessment in a semantic web format. The ontology- based knowledge network for EIA is a solution for the existing needs and deficiencies in the system of EIA education. It creates coordination between trainings. And according to the development of virtual education in different aspects in Iran, it can update and complete with MMOs. The ontology of EIA can be modified, refined and developed and also be integrated with other ontologies in common.
 
 
 
 
 
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Given the environmental crises, it is necessary to help citizens with the improvement of their attitudes. Attitudes, or predispositions to react cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally towards their subject, which can be the environment as well, need to be positive in order for the person to have a constructive interaction with that subject (e.g. the environment). Preschool teachers’ attitudes towards the environment would have an impact on their teaching and pupils in such a way that it may shape the children’s attitudes towards the environment in the future. Hence, helping teachers to improve their attitudes in this regard would be helping their current and future students as well. In this research, an accessible group of 29 pre-school teachers willing to help with the trial of a short course on the environment designed to improve the attitudes, was initially assessed on their knowledge, values, and behaviors (skills) in relation to the environment. At the end of the short course on environment, the same instruments were used to gather the same set of data. Comparing the two sets of pre- and post-test data lead to the conclusion that taking the course has resulted in improvements in all three dimensions of participants’ attitudes towards the environment. It is observed that the most improved dimension is the cognitive dimension, as the participants’ knowledge of the environment increased dramatically.

In recent years, social networking sites have grown significantly in internet. These networks have created a good atmosphere for environmental public participation. Social networking is the powerful, accessible, user friendly and popular tool with technical services for environmental public participation. The environmental public participation in Iran on Facebook as the most popular social network has grown in recent years. In is paper, the history of the environmental public participation in Iran is studied on Facebook. The findings show that, the environmental public participation has increased on the social network of Facebook between 2011- 2014. The frequency of the environmental pages which are active in public participation shows the process of growing up. The shared memes contain the different subjects and manners of expression. The findings suggest that the spread of the memes in environmental public participation have the positive and negative impacts which are discussed in the conclusion.

In an attempt to enhance the quality of academic education, the training needs of Master students of Environmental Impact Assessment were assessed. We asked 20 Master students of Environmental planning, management and education in Tehran University to evaluate the EIA course at the end of the fall semester of 2009. We designed questionnaires and after statistical analysis of the results, the student's training needs were determined. An approximate 85 percent of students evaluated the course as good level and 15% scored it as medium. In total, 85 percents of students required the practical course in order to complete the theoretical course of EIA. Around 50 percent preferred PowerPoint presentation of the course by software and 40 percent by blackboard or whiteboard and 10% required both of them. Around 70 percent of students declared the needs for electronic tutorial, E-book and knowledge web for updating and permanent access to EIA knowledge.

Lavij coal deposit is situated at a distance of 48km to the southwest of Amol in the Central Alborz coalfield in the North of Iran. Lavij coal-bearing strata in the centralAlborz zone are found within rocks of the Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic era. The coal-bearing sediments in this area belong to the Shemshak Formation (Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic). This formation mainly consists of sandstone, shale, calcareous sandstone, argillite and siltstone. Several coal seams with different thicknesses are interbedded with sediments. The ecosystem, landscape and biodiversity of the area have all been affected by coal mining activities during the last few years. The environmental impacts of this mining can be studied from different viewpoints, but the research presented here concerns the geochemical environmental impacts. The surface and ground water of the Lavij area seem to have been polluted during the mining, natural erosion and dissolution of maceral and minerals of the coals of Lavij area. The present paper deals with geochemical environmental impacts of these coals and 14 samples were analyzed from surface and ground water of the Lavij area. The samples were analyzed by ICP-OES for As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Ga, Ge, La, Li, Mo, Pb, Mn, Zn, S, Nd, Ni, P, Sc, Sn, Sr, V, Y and Yb. Data processing showed the pollution in the water and soil of the area is very low.

One of the purposes of Ecotourism is to relax and aspirate the natural energy. Sacred and Energetic sites are the locations for experiencing the relaxation. Since 2005 the Ecotourism for aspirating the natural energy or spiritual Ecotourism has been developed in Iran. There are some places in Iran which have a kind of energy as subtle energy for increasing personal health and awareness. These places have some restrictions in Tourism sustainability, so their carrying capacity must be estimated. Carrying Capacity can be used as a index number for identifying the management policies. Takht-e Soleiman (Azargoshansb) in Iran is an important archeological site which was not only registered in UNESCO's list of world heritage in 2003 but also was inscribed in world sacred sites list. Many tourists travel to this site for receiving the energy annually. In this research, psychosocial carrying capacity of ecotourism in sacred site (Takht-e Soleiman) was surveyed. In order to indentify psychosocial carrying capacity, the management indicators that affect the carrying capacity were determined. According to these indicators, the questionnaires were provided. 140 of 150 tourists who traveled to Takht-e Soleiman for receiving the energy responded to the questionnaires. After statistical analysis of the questionnaires, the number of carrying capacity which identified density, crowding levels and encounter preferences was maximum 150 persons daily in recreation season (summer). This number specially identified acceptable density around the lake.