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Polyurethane coatings are widely used in various industries due to their unique characteristics such as high strength, excellent adhesion, good chemical and thermal resistance, flexibility, and long durability. This review article, presented in two parts, provides a comprehensive examination of polyurethane coatings. In the first part, different types of polyurethane coatings, including one-component and two-component systems, are introduced. Then, the diverse properties and characteristics of these coatings, such as solvent-borne, water-borne, UV-curable, high-solids, and powder polyurethanes, are discussed. Additionally, bio-based polyurethane coatings as the new generation of these materials are studied. Furthermore, the widespread applications of polyurethane coatings, especially their role in corrosion protection, are described. Subsequently, water-borne and isocyanate-free polyurethanes are introduced as the latest trends in the development of these coatings. The final section presents the future outlook of polyurethane coatings and a general summary. This comprehensive review article provides valuable information about polyurethane coatings, including their types, properties, applications, and development trends, and can serve as a reference source for researchers and professionals in this field.

Two-wheeled tractors are used to disturb the topsoil in greenhouses and small gardens. These machines consist of a rotating shaft connected to a gearbox, on which a set of flanges is mounted. Blades are attached to each flange in a specific arrangement. When the flanges rotate, they come into contact with the soil, lifting and throwing it backward, thus breaking up the soil and creating a suitable seedbed for planting agricultural products. A transmission system transfers the necessary and generated force from an engine to the blades for soil cutting. Notable features of these machines include reasonable prices, high operational speed, easy mobility due to lightness, and simple maintenance and repair. Rotary cultivators or rotary soil mixers are also used to prepare the soil bed and control weeds in fruit orchards. In this research, the most suitable blade for producing a double-purpose rotary-trencher machine equipped with a V-shaped gearbox was designed and produced.

Catia software (V5-6R2018) was used for the design and Abaqus software (6.14-4) was used for mechanical analysis of the designed blades. First, the blades were designed with three different surfaces 42.75, 38.53, and 35.39 cm2. The goal was to achieve a blade design that not only creates a suitable tilled soil surface but also maximizes soil displacement to ensure the device performs acceptably during furrow creation. The blade stress analysis was performed based on the Von Mises criterion and finite element analysis (FEA). After the design of the blades, to ensure their strength against the forces exerted from the soil surface, FEA and examination of the mechanical strength of the selected alloy (ST52) were performed in Abaqus software. Then, the blade spread design was cut using a CNC machine, forged using a blacksmithing mold, and bent with a 38-millimeter radius. After this stage, the surface of the blades was hardened. The evaluation of the device in the disturbing of the topsoil with three blade models at three blade shaft speeds (200, 300, and 400 rpm) was performed in three repetitions in the form of a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design using SPSS software. The disturbing of the topsoil and the depth of the created trench were considered as criteria for evaluating the rotation speed and dimensions of the blades.

The maximum force applied to blades showed that the maximum stress obtained with surfaces of 42.75 cm2, 38.53 cm2, and 35.39 cm2, based on the Von Mises criterion, was 0.74, 0.7, and 0.188 MPa, respectively. Also, the maximum principal stress in these three blade models was 0.27, 0.24, and 0.122 MPa, respectively. The results illustrated that the maximum stresses obtained are much lower than the yield stress or ultimate strength of the alloy used in the blade. To do the topsoil tillage operation 6 flanges of blades (18 blades) and to do trenching two flanges of blades (6 blades) were installed on the axis of the gearbox. The results from comparing Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) values of the disturbed topsoil showed that by increasing rotation of the blade shaft, the soil disturbing significantly increases. On the other hand, results showed that the increase in the surface of the blade was not significant in disturbing the topsoil particles. Also, the blades were evaluated by creating a trench. Two flanges of the blades (6 blades, Fig 1. b) are performed when the machine moves backward (Fig 9-a and Fig 11). The machine's reverse speed was kept constant at 2 km/h. The results clearly showed that the surface of the blades has had a significant effect on the performance of creating a trench, and with the increase of the blade's surface, the amount of soil transferred out of the trench has increased. However, increasing the blade surface increased the trench depth, but increasing the blade's axis rotation was not as significant as the blade surface because the backward speed of the machine is constant and slow.

In this research, a new type of blade for a dual-purpose rotary-trencher machine was designed, analyzed, produced, and evaluated. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the blade's surface has no effect on the tillage quality, but the rotation speed of the blades was significantly effective. On the other hand, in the operation of creating a trench, the surface of the blade was significantly effective, and with the increase of the surface, the depth of the created trench increased due to the movement of more soil particles. Finally, a blade with a surface of 42.75 cm2, made of ST52 alloy steel, with a forged and hardened edge, and a bending radius of 38 mm was proposed for this type of dual-purpose soil rotary-trencher machine. Therefore, this machine equipped with the designed blade model is suitable for both topsoil disturbing and trencher.

One of the most important agricultural operations in wood fields, row crop fields, gardens, and traditional greenhouses is disturbing the topsoil, and removing weeds. In this research, a lightweight (65 kg) rotary-weeder machine with a 5-hp engine and a walk-behind rotary unit was designed, manufactured, and evaluated. A single-speed planetary gearbox was used to transmit the engine power through a power transmission shaft and a 90-degree final reducer to the blades assembled in front of the machine. Using a planetary gearbox and providing the torque needed for tillage operations caused a significant weight reduction in the device compared to conventional rototillers. The working width of the cultivator unit can be changed from 15 to 60 cm with 6 C-shaped blade flanges. The tests were carried out with 3 rotation speeds of the rotary unit (200, 250, and 300 rpm) and in vegetation conditions as a completely random basic design experiment. The field evaluation results show that the machine has a higher operating speed and more satisfactory performance compared to conventional agricultural rotary tillers for churning, aerating the topsoil, and removing weeds. Because the rotary unit is mounted in the front, it has better maneuverability especially when it works between the rows. However the increase in the blade's axis rotation increases the speed of traveling, the results of the statistical analysis showed that the increase in the blade's axis rotation causes the particles of tilled soil to become finer (F: 5%). Also, by increasing the rotation of the blade’s axis, the intensity of the device's operation is more suitable in the conditions of maximum vegetation and prevents the locking of the rotary axis.

Connecting the tractor engine to its front axle and maintaining the Wheel-Base (WB) distance of the tractor in its standard range is done using a part called the front bracket. It's part of the tractor's main chassis. This study was carried out to manufacture a new bracket due to the increase in engine power of a tractor from 37 to 52 kW. The WB distance of a tractor directly depends on its engine power. The bracket was designed in three-dimensional form by Catia software and analyzed in terms of mechanical strength by finite element method under static and dynamic loads in Abaqus software. Due to the need for high strength in this part, ductile cast iron (GGG40, yield strength: 250 MPa) was considered as its raw material. Static and dynamic analysis results showed that the maximum stress applied to the part (93.7 MPa) is lower than the yield strength of the designed part. Once the part's strength was verified, a casting mold was designed using Catia software and manufactured by aluminium casting and machining. Five initial samples were then cast and machined before being installed on sample tractors (RK704 model, maximum weight: 2635 kg) for field tests. The results of the tests indicated that the manufactured part maintained the WB distance, installation conditions, and mechanical strength and was reliable for use in producing this tractor.

The common methods that are usually used to identify the devoid rough rice from the healthy ones are often time-consuming and expensive. For this reason, in this research, a smart and fast method based on machine vision system coupled with artificial neural networks is presented in order to predict the percentage of devoid/healthy rough rice grains. Digital images of five varieties of paddy were prepared in three states: healthy, devoid, and mixed, in two states scattered and piled. After pre-processing and segmentation, 3 color features and 5 morphological features were extracted for each rice grain. Principal component analysis (PCA) method was then used in order to identify the most effective features in distinguishing devoid rough from healthy rice. In the next step, multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm based on the main components obtained by PCA method was used to create models for identifying and classifying the samples. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R2), specificity and sensitivity were used to evaluate the modeling capability and validation of each algorithm. The obtained results showed that the designed intelligent method can identify devoid rough rice seeds with acceptable accuracy in all cultivars (R2P>0.81, RMSEp<0.219, Sensitivity>0.8 & Specificity>0.98). Therefore, the machine vision system in combination with artificial neural networks can be used as an intelligent and fast method at the entrance of rice bleaching factories to evaluate the quality of harvested rough rice and predict the percentage of unhealthy rough rice.

In this research, the design, static analysis, and manufacturing of a platform for tractors with a power range of 40 to 60 hp and max weight of 2450 kg was performed. This platform includes the main chassis, steering column chassis, right and left fenders, rollover protection structure (ROPS), and other connecting parts. The main chassis was designed to include all the levers and control pedals, the driver's seat, the dashboard, and the steering system. The ROPS is mounted on the main chassis and is used to protect the driver in the event of a tractor overturning. The platform was designed with ST37 alloy steel for the chassis set and ST44 for ROPS using CATIA software, tested in accordance with ISO 5700 standard for static loading and mechanical strength. Maximum static stress obtained in ROPS compared to the final strength of ST44 steel (580 MPa, and with dimensions of 6×8 mm and thickness of 4 mm) for tractors RK404-A (Paddy/Garden model) and RK604-A (Garden/Farm model) was in the safe range and has sufficient strength. Also, ROPS in the maximum deflection during loadings did not enter the safe area of the driver. Technical knowledge of designed parts (2d and 3d drawings) was extracted and the parts were manufactured, assembled, and evaluated. The final results showed that the designed and manufactured platform with specific dimensions, material, and weight (209 kg) in terms of dimensions, mechanical strength, the place for installing pedals and control systems, and appearance is suitable to use in the production of tractors with a maximum weight of 2450 kg.

Khuzestan province has fertile plains for agriculture. In recent years, the regular supply of water in Izeh plain and Bagh Malek has been a concern, especially for agricultural purposes. With the help of a pumping station, the water of these areas reaches the heights overlooking the area from the reservoir of the Karun 3 dam and moves by gravity towards the delivery points after passing through a tunnel. The normal level of the dam during operation is 840 meters, the maximum level of the reservoir is 845 and the top level is 850 meters from the level of the Azad sea, also the minimum and maximum level of water intake from the lake of Karun Dam 3 is equal to 800 and 845 meters, respectively. Basic studies and numerical methods to achieve the goal of the current research, which is to optimize the level to which water is pumped, it was done. According to the optimizations, the lowest cost will be at the level of 970 if the tunnel level of 1000 is considered in the initial plan.

This study aimed to design, perform static and dynamic analysis, manufacture, and evaluate an oleaster mill machine. It was designed from a crusher, anti-crusher, tray, body, chassis, inlet, and outlet. After the 3D design, static and dynamic analyses were performed to confirm the strength of the crusher. Then, the technical knowledge (drawings) was extracted and used to manufacture the machine through sheet metal and welding (body and its accessories) as well as casting-machining methods (crusher and anti-crusher parts). An electric motor (2.206 kW) was utilized to rotate the crusher. The manufactured machine was evaluated by measuring the amount of pulverization of oleaster fruit (particles smaller than 250 microns) at various moisture content of the fruit (close to 0% or no change in the moisture content of the sample at 70 C, 5%, and 10%), different speeds of the crusher (750, 1000, 1250, 1500 rpm) and different sizes of tray meshes (0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm) in the form of a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in three replications. Statistical analysis showed that the maximum amount of pulverization (80.16) was achieved at the highest rotating speed of the crusher, with the size of tray meshes of 0.75 mm, and samples at moisture content close to zero. By a similar setup, the pulverization was calculated at 79.33% and 55.12% at 5% and 10% moisture content of the samples, respectively. For the manufactured machine and samples at 5% moisture content, which is recommended, the total capacity was calculated at 30 kg/h.

In this study, the discriminatory power of Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors was evaluated to develop a portable electronic nose (e-nose) system for clustering different types of saffron samples based on their Volatile Organic Components (VOCs). The system was comprised of ten MOS gas sensors, direct headspace sampling, microcontroller devices, and a laptop computer coupled with multivariate computational tools. Eleven saffron samples were procured from different geographical origins for the experiments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hiricultural Cluster Analysis (HCA) models were applied for sample clustering and for demonstrating the discriminatory power of the gas sensors as well. The quality assessment of the samples was also performed by the standard laboratory method (ISO3632). The gas sensors data were acquired at 350-360 seconds after the samples were exposed to the sensors. Results of the PCA and HCA analysis of the sensors data indicated that the saffron samples were divided into three main clusters. Also, it was found that the discrimination power of the sensors was different and the possibility of removing sensors with low discriminatory power (2 sensors) was provided. Results of laboratory analysis (destructive method) were obtained in accordance with the classification results of the e-nose data analysis. Using the proposed method to find the most effective MOS sensors and eliminating the redundant sensors can help to reduce the development costs of the electronic nose systems and the processor input data. It also increases the classification accuracy of the e-nose system in the quality control of medicinal plants.

The production of waste has caused environmental crises that pose serious threats to the life of creatures on Earth. This study aimed to evaluate the strategy and location of waste disposal site in Kiyan watershed with an emphasis on EIA through survey-analytical method. Based on the locating process, a suitable landfill site of 10 hectares was selected in the village of Karke-oliya. As basalt-andesite rocks have high permeability and are resistant to erosion, the proposed area has high environmental capacity for waste disposal. Data from the Meteorological Organization show the prevailing wind direction within the study area is northwest. The western wind dominates, and since the villages of the study area are northwest and west of the landfill area, the effects of the landfill's unpleasant odor will be far off. In addition, since the area is enclosed in terms of topography, which can be seen in the transverse and longitudinal profiles of the region, the effect of the displacement of lightweight waste by the wind has been neutralized. It is important to note that the suggested burial ground is far from natural drainage, which makes the area suitable for landfill for hydro geological watershed purposes. The results of the environmental impact assessment also showed that the project has a positive impact of about 45%. Therefore, the proposed site is well-suited to environmental standards.

Tourism is the sum of the phenomena and interactions resulting from the interaction between tourists, capital, governments and host communities, universities and non-governmental organizations, in the process of attracting, transporting, accommodating and controlling tourists and other visitors. Over the past 6 decades, the tourism industry has experienced continuous development and diversification, which has become one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of economic growth in the world. Turkey was ranked sixth in the world in tourism in 2011, so the number of Russian tourists entering Turkey was more than 3 million in 2011 alone, despite our potential for attracting tourists. It has yet to achieve its true status at the regional or even global level. Antalya Free Beaches (Turkey) attracted about 9 million tourists in 2011, while Qeshm, despite all its strengths in the field of tourism, failed to attract tourists.
The purpose of this study was to compare analytical analysis of Qeshm and Antalya in order to present tourism development strategies. The research method is descriptive-analytical and reliant on SOWT model and library and documentary studies and field and authoritative field and journals.

The present research deals with the introduction and simulation of viscoelastic effects in transient flows in polymeric pipes widely used in pipe network. The viscoelastic properties result in appearing newterms in transient flow governing equations which are generally absent in available models. In this study, the governing equations are rewritten and manipulated for considering the viscoelastic properties. The equations are then solved using the method ofcharacteristics coupled with the finite difference method. In order to calibrate the unknown parameters including the unsteady friction and creep coefficients as well as to verify the model, a model of viscoelastic pipe network was made at the hydraulics laboratory of Water Sciences Engineering department of Shahid Chamran University. The configuration of the experimental set-up consists of a pipe network with six square loops, having each loop 3m×3m. The pipes are made of PE with 50 mm nominal diameter and 5.5 mm of wall thickness. The data of dynamic pressure oscillation during these transient events were collected by Pressure transducers. Appling the inverse transient analysis method and with the aid of a genetic algorithm, the friction and creep coefficients of the experimental pipe are determined. The results show that the classical water hammer solver cannot accurately analyze the transient flows in polyethylene pipes. In fact, modeling both dynamic effects of unsteady friction losses and viscoelasticity for such pipes is quite necessary. However, it is also found that the viscoelasticity is obviously more effective than the unsteady friction effects in formation and attenuation of transient signals so that, considering onlyviscoelastic effects would result in acceptable responses.

In this paper, a voltage controlled LC oscillator is proposed for various frequency band. In the design of the oscillator, the active inductor has been used with a controllable negative resistance method, which improves phase noise and has low power consumption. The circuit is simulated by ADS. The simulation results in the 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology shows that the oscillator has a phase noise of -143.682 dBc/Hz in band 1 (1.2 GHz) and at offset 1 MHz. The adjustable frequency range is from 0.72 to 1.25 GHz. Power consumption in the oscillator core is 2.6 to 3.4 mW, which is supplied from 1.8 volt source. Also, the oscillator has a phase noise of -136.174 dBc/Hz in band 2 (1.57 GHz) and at 1 MHz offset. The adjustable frequency range is 1.29 to 1.85 GHz. Power consumption in the oscillator core is also 2.6 to 3.5 mW. The simulation results indicate that the power consumption has been reduced by about 50%, and the phase noise has been improved by 16% to -136.174 dBc/Hz.

In this study an intelligent system based on machine vision, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and Partial Least Square (PLS) models was developed to estimate the L*, a*, and b* values for saffron samples utilizing their RGB color values. Color images of 33 saffron samples (165 images) and 150 color images of standard colored plates were captured utilizing the developed machine vision system. In order to extract RGB parameters, the images were processed using image processing algorithms. Also, L*a*b* values of each sample was measured using a commercial colorimeter (Hunter Lab, color Flex, USA) in triplicate and the measurements were averaged to obtain the final values. RGB values and their linear transformations were set as the inputs of the models and L*, a*, and b* values were set as model outputs, respectively. Experimental results showed that the performance of MLP models were better than those of PLS, with high correlation coefficients of cross validation (R2 and RMSE values equal to 99% and 0.769, 0.953, and 0.785, respectively). Finally, it can be stated the capability of machine vision technology for color quality evaluation of saffron.

Stilling basins are the most common structures for energy dissipation downstream of spillways. A properly designed stilling basin can ensure 60–70% dissipation of energy in the basin. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of perforated end sill and effect of the sill on characteristics of hydraulic jump. The perforated sills with different heights and four ratios of opening 12, 25, 50 and 75% were tested for three tail water depths. Results of experiments confirmed significant effect of the perforated sill on dissipation of energy, reduction of the basin length and reducing dependence of jump location on tail water depth. Based on experimental observation, in a constant Froude number, decreasing of the tail water depth causes the hydraulic jump to move forward toward the end of the basin. In this case, to control the jump and to avoid the hydraulic jump being swept out of the basin, sill distance is decreased. Also, observation showed the sill height needs to be increased as inflow Froude number increases and tail water decreases. In the other words, relative sill height increases up to 30% as tail water depth ratio decreases from 1 to 0.8. Furthermore, the results showed that sills with the 50% opening in comparison with other openings have most effective in energy dissipation and reduction of the hydraulic jump length. The comparison of stilling basin with perforated sill and free jump indicated that the sill with perforation ratio of 50% dissipated 60–90% of water energy in inflow Froude number range of 4.5-12. Moreover, once Froude number increases from 4.5 to 12, stilling basin length increases about 19% for this perforated sill in the tail water depth ratio of 1.

Rectangular orifices are considered as a common structure for discharge measurement in hydraulics. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effect of the ratio of length to width of rectangular orifices with same surface area on discharge coefficient. Different rectangles are examined as orifice while the aspect ratio in one of them is equal to 1.618 (golden ratio). Golden ratio is a special number which can be frequently existed in nature and this study attempts to find the probable specialty of this ratio in hydraulics. So, the experiments were carried out on five rectangle orifices that the ratio of length to width of ones varied from 1 to 16. Also, a comparison between the discharge coefficient of rectangular and circular orifices is performed. Therefore, the number of 94 tests was conducted on the orifices in the discharge range of 0.136 - 0.637 L/s. A mathematical relation is developed as pressure distribution coefficient in order to account the effect of non-hydrostatic pressure distribution under low head condition. Results of the experiments showed that the increasing of aspect ratio generally leads to increase discharge coefficient so that discharge coefficient of orifices with variation of the ratio of length to width changes about 11.7%. Furthermore, it is illustrated that golden ratio doesn’t have any specialty in flow evacuation and the discharge coefficient of circular orifices is equal to minimum discharge coefficient of rectangular orifices.

Kinetic energy of the water over large spillways should be dissipated in the stilling basins by generation of a hydraulic jump in order to prevent scouring of riverbed and damaging the downstream structures. There are many types of stilling basins, and the most popular ones in practice are the standard USBR basins. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behavior of perforated and continuous sills in stilling basin as well as their effects on the characteristics of a hydraulic jump including jump length and relative dissipated energy. Results of experiments indicate that the perforated sill, in comparison with the continuous one, has a better behavior in controlling and stabilization of hydraulic jump within the stilling basin which increases the energy dissipation and reduces the jump length. Furthermore, the results show that the perforated sill with 50% opening reduces the basin length about 61% of the required basin length for a free hydraulic jump. Moreover, perforated sill basins are able to dissipate 60% of the inflow energy at Froude number 4.5, while dissipation of energy increases to 90% at Froude number 12.

Plunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a vertical jet on plunging pool bed. Hence, the experiments were carried out in four different discharges (ranging from 6 to 27.5 lit/s according to the nozzle diameters), three jet diameters including 4.3, 5.2 and 8.2 cm and four falling heights of 37, 60, 90 and 120 cm. Also the experiments are conducted in similar flow conditions for smooth and rough surfaces, and results are compared. Dynamic pressures were measured with a pressure transducer. The analysis of data showed that increase of jet diameter causes decrement in the dynamic pressure coefficient. Results revealed an increase in dynamic pressures due to roughness of contacting surface. Moreover, variations of jet Froude number and fall length have significant effects on the dynamic pressure coefficient. The impact pressure was the highest in the surface center and was gradually reduced in outer zones.

Transient flow is generated by an instantaneous reduction in flow rate due to rapid valve closure or pump failure in a water network. Transient flow creates high and low pressure waves that it may be to damage pipelines. Comparison of experimental and numerical results in previous studies revealed that quasi-steady models with assumption of uniform and 1D velocity profile could not correctly predict the damping process of the pressure waves. So¡ the aims of this study are investigation of velocity profile at the downstream end section of pipeline to give a correct understanding of transient flow dynamics. Also¡ this paper evaluates the ability of the instantaneous acceleration–based (IAB) unsteady friction models to estimate pressure history in transient flow using the method of characteristics. To achieve this goal¡ a pipeline¡ made of PVC¡ with a nominal diameter of 63 mm in the two different lengths of 40 m and 80 m was used. In addition¡ a ball valve at the downstream end was installed to create transient flow. The data of velocity distribution and dynamic pressure oscillation during these transient events were collected by Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry and Pressure transducers. Results of experiments indicate existence of inflection points in the base flow velocity profile and the large velocity gradient near the pipe wall. Furthermore¡ the results show that two-coefficient models produce a better match with the experimental measurements. The terms Vt and Vx in unsteady friction models affect the phase shift and the damping of transient pressure waves¡ respectively. Moreover¡ the coefficients of acceleration terms vary from 0.0037 to 0.006 for kt and from 0.0325 to 0.052 for kx.

The security and stability of dams for flood passing through the spillway should be provided. So, kinetic energy of flow over large spillway must be dissipated. One of the energy dissipation structures at downstream dams, are plunging pools. The aim of this paper is to investigate dynamic pressure that is created by the impact of a series of rounded non-submerged jets on a flat plate with the roughness height of 0.8 cm in the angles of the impact of 30, 60 and 90 degrees. This research uses sensors to measure the instantaneous pressure (Pressure transducer) with the ability to record and store the dynamic pressure oscillation of water jet. The results showed that increasing the drop height, average coefficient of dynamic pressure decreases. The extreme dynamic pressures coefficient increased with increase fall height. The mean coefficient of dynamic pressure increases with increasing discharge. As the angle of the impact jet decreases, the dynamic pressures reduce. Also, the roughness increases the dynamic pressure up to 70% in the test interval.

Reuse of wastewater plays a key role in reducing the consumption of water resources. Results show that the use of wastewater in agriculture had a positive effect on sodium absorption ratio and humus soil and improves soil conditions. The aim of this study was to improve the performance of the treatment of industrial effluents for reuse through applying the analytic hierarchy process. In determining the promotion of industries wastewater treatment system, the most important criterion was environment with relative weighting of 43.7%; the best sub-criterion was desired treatment degree with relative weight of 23.6%. regarding to management criteria, the best sub-criterion was sustainable operation with relative weight of 28.8%; for the economic criteria, the sub-criterion was the land requirement with relative weight of 58.2% and finally for technical criteria, the sub-criterion was treatment plant upgrading and development with the relative weight of 38.5%. Therefore, for improving system performance of the industrial wastewater treatment to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals, recycling and increased soil salinity to the level not resulting in soil salinity are recommended as environmental criteria (degree of treatment).

In this study, using sound created by wheat grain passing through a pipe, wheat flow rate was measured. The developed device consists of a hopper, metering device, sound sensor, delivery tube, DC motor and power supply. Several wheat mass flow rates were tested and the sound signal created by the passage of the grain through the discharge tube was measured and transferred to a computer using Data Acquisition Card (DAC). Utilizing MATLAB signal processing toolbox and wavelet transfer functions, it was possible to extract frequency characteristics of the sound signals used as distinguishing features of the different flow rates. Artificial Neural Networks-Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) and Discriminate Analysis (DA) were used to classify different wheat flow rates. Results showed that by using DA and ANN-MLP it was possible to determine the wheat flow rates with 97% and 89% accuracy from each other respectively.

The Crest of an Ogee spillway with a curved plan is longer than that of one with a straight crest; therefore, its capacity for the overflow at any reservoir level is higher than that of the straight-crested spillway. Thus it is a preferred design in most water ponding projects. The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of its curvature on its hydraulics. This was a achieved on a 1:25 experimental model of the Germ chai ogee spillway at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Soil Conservation and Water Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Jihadi Agriculture. The results revealed that the cavitation number at any discharge rate was higher than the critical value compared with that of the straight- crested weirs Moreover, the discharge coefficient was lower than that of the other type with an equal crest length.

Every landscape has two principal component or feature of the structure and process, Stone cognitive factors are the main reason for the development of structural elements, especially water; Water as one of the main causes of human life have particular importance in addition to drinking water needs for other purposes related to man and nature. The aim of study is Landscape planning of kiyan (Nahavand) using hydro geological features with an emphasis on sustainable development. Resulted indicated source of kiyan water is characteristic karstic (limestone) and sakhtsia whit the dissolution of Holes (Dolin) in topographical of area, in addition of Precipitation. Snow in these holes to be filled by strong winds and formed spring of kiyan by the gradual melting them. Due to lack of rainfall in recent years recommended the use of existing water resources as we need to be sustainable until enjoy the benefits of it. As a result, for each geographical area should be consistent with sustainability indicators utility diagram ecosystems and human life utility indices will be developed and implemented based on ecological features of the region.