سحر عسگری

By spreading the meaning of participation and reaching it in all walks of life, it is now commonplace for all people to intervene consciously and truly in determining their destiny. In our country, the concept of participation is not considered a new phenomenon and in its traditional forms such as assistance and assistance has a long history in people's social life. The expansion of cities and the increase of its population have increased the production of household waste and its inadequate management has caused many problems. How waste disposal is produced has always been one of the problems of human society for many years. The simplest and most practical way to address this problem initially was to disperse and flush waste out of urban areas or burn it to prevent contamination. The main purpose of this study is to measure the impact of citizen participation on municipal waste management. The method of data collection in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire survey. Statistical population of this study is citizens of Amol city whose number is unlimited and the sample size is estimated using 385 Morgan table. The results indicate that the sense of social belonging, satisfaction with municipal services, social trust, mass media, utility and belief in the usefulness of citizens' participation have a positive impact on municipal waste management.

Corporate social responsibility is a key factor in any organization's survival. The rapid rise of environmental problems threatens all human societies. The origin of these environmental problems can be attributed to the growth patterns of modern societies. Many corporate executives are competing with each other and looking for new solutions to enhance their organization's performance that are of major concern to today's organizations. The purpose of performance is to focus employees on task performance. The main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social responsibility on the development of environmental resources and the performance of municipalities. The method of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire survey. The statistical population of this research is the companies related to the environment and green space of municipalities and the number of employees in these companies is 200 persons. . The results of this study show that among the components of social responsibility with environmental resource development and internal processes performance of municipalities organizations with coefficient 0.916, environmental development and performance of municipalities organization 0.525, economic development of municipalities performance 0.688 and supplier environmental development equal 0.811. is. The relationship between supplier environmental development and competitive advantage with a coefficient of 2.166 and financial performance of 2.545 is significant. Also, there is a significant relationship between supplier environmental development and competitive advantage with a coefficient of 0.275 and financial performance of 0.228.

Aurelius Augustinus was born in 354 in Tagast. The direction of his thought is based on his imagination of God, that is faith to the Almighty, wise and benevolent God. The Son considers ideas and the creation as the epiphany of the Word. Imam Mohammad Ghazali was born in 450 AH in Tabran. He says that, God is indescribable, the first cause, the origin of the universe, and the light of the lights. He is beyond rational comprehension, and he is almighty. Therefore both of them know God as the origin of the universe. The God is the divine light and the only real existence. The indescribable God creates the universe by his absolute and unchangeable determination. There are differences beside these similarities. The god of Augustinus adopts human traits for saving the mankind and enters to the body. But the god of Ghazali cannot be in the body and is not similar to anything. On the other hand, Augustinus says that we need God’s mercy to be prospered. But Ghazali says that mercy is in conflict with being autonomous and almighty as well as the creation from nullity. On the other hand, Augustinus believes that he heard the voice of God from a child, but Ghazali says that the Word of God is higher than any other Words. According to the proposed thoughts of these persons is in the field of theology, the writer is going to compare their theories about theology by descriptive-comparative method through library studies.

The association of subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome is debatable. We aimed to find out whether there was a correlation between subclinical hypothyroidism and or its components. Using the stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling method, with a probability in proportion to size procedure we randomly selected 1200 women, aged 18-45 years, from among reproductive aged women, living in urban areas of four randomly selected provinces of different geographic regions of Iran,. Each woman underwent an evaluation that included standardized history, physical exam, biochemical and hormonal assessment. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the ATPΙΙΙ definition and subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed, based on serum concentration of more than the upper normal limit of TSH (mIU/l 4.5). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with subclinical hypothyroidism was not significantly different in comparison to normal ones (19% vs. 16.8%), however the prevalence of two metabolic syndrome components (low HDL and high TG) was significantly more in those women. There was a negative significant association between serum concentration of TSH and HDL-C, after adjusting for age, BMI and HOMA-IR. Although this study did not find the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, because of its correlation with some components of this syndrome, thyroid dysfunction can be considered as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and further investigations to confirm this are recommended.

Recent studies have shown that dairy consumption is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome. Calcium and vitamin D, two major components of dairy products, have been postulated as being primarily responsible for the beneficial effect of dairy consumption. The objective was to examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in adults. In this population-based cross sectional study, a representative sample of 808 subjects (male and female) aged 18-74 y were randomly selected. Subjects were categorized based on quartile cut-points of dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression was used in 4 models to compare different dietary intake levels of calcium and vitamin D adjusted for lifestyle and nutritional confounders. Each model was additionally adjusted for more variables than the previous one. After adjusting for age, calories, smoking status, exercise, BMI and parental history of myocardial infarction before age 60 years, dietary calcium levels were significantly and inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and the ORs of having the metabolic syndrome for increasing quartiles of dietary calcium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.90 (95% CI 0.61–1.04), 0.85 (0.78–0.99) and 0.74 (0.62–0.95) P for trend <0.02, and was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for dietary vitamin D intake. Dietary vitamin D was inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome but was not independent of total calcium intake. Similar strong relations between intakes of dairy products and metabolic syndrome were also observed and the multivariable OR comparing highest with lowest intake quartiles was 0.81(0.64-0.98), P for trend <0.03. It is concluded that intakes of calcium and dairy products may be associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adults.