سحر مهاجری

In the present paper, the Formose reaction to produce polyols in methanol solvent in the presence of an aerosil (fumed silica) catalyst is first investigated. The mechanism of Formose reaction is actually the same aldol condensation that occurs in an alkaline media and is accelerated by the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. The products observed in the reaction medium are ethylene glycol and glyceraldehyde. Finally, the selectivity of the synthesis of these products was compared and evaluated with the two corresponding products synthesized through the Formose reaction in aqueous solvent. The present study shows that in the presence of fumed silica catalyst in aqueous solvent, the production of ethylene glycol decreases with increasing pH from 7.6 to 9.3, while the conversion of ethylene glycol to glyceraldehyde increases. As a result, the amount of ethylene glycol in the reaction mixture decreases at alkaline pHs compared to neutral pHs; in contrast, the selectivity of the reaction to the production of glyceraldehyde increases. Changing the solvent from water to methanol also reduces production efficiency. Therefore, it indicates the low selectivity of the methanolic medium compared to the aqueous medium to produce two products, 1,2-ethanediol and 2,3-dihydroxypropanal.

The quality of life of mothers is of great importance, particularly in mothers of children with special needs. The current study aimed at determining the correlation between quality of life of mothers of children with special needs and their demographic characteristics in Tehran, Iran.
The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on mothers of primary school children with special needs who studied at special schools in Tehran, in the academic year of 2013-2014. A total of 190 mothers were selected through stratified random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic questionnaire and the “quality of life scale for mothers of children with special needs” were used. The validity and reliability of the latter scale were measured in the previous study. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.
According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs had low quality of life. All in all, the results indicated that the lowest and highest mean scores belonged to social relationships and religious-spiritual domain as 40.92 ± 18.86 and 81.4 ± 17.73, respectively.
According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs have low quality of life. Professionals and health care providers should pay more attention to psychological well-being of mothers of children with special needs in order to improve their quality of life.

The quality of work life of employees is one of the important factors in organizations. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the quality of work life and demographic characteristics of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan.
The present research is descriptive-correlation study. In this study, the statistical population consisted of employees of rehabilitation education centers in Zanjan in 2014. 100 out of 13 day and day centers, 11 specialized clinic centers and 4 home visits were selected. The method of sampling was census. The data were collected with "Quality of Work Life Scale for Teacher of Student with Special Needs" with 61 items. Content validity index and reliability were measured by Cronbach's alpha methods. Data was analyzed by SPSS. 21.
The interaction with students has the highest score (3.17) and the lowest score is job barriers. The average quality of life score is 3.81 ± 0.27. Based on the results, married people had a lower score in promotion and career participation(P 0.05).
There is a correlation between the dimensions of quality of work life and some of the demographic characteristics of the employees of rehabilitation education centers. Therefore, considering the finding that occupational barriers have the lowest score, attention to this dimension of quality of work life of teachers of students with special needs, is very valuable.

Health and wellbeing of mothers of children with special needs as a vulnerable group in society is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the health level of mothers with special needs children in Zanjan province.
This study was a descriptive-correlational research. The sample of study consisted of 300 mothers of children with special needs in the 2014-2015 academic years in Zanjan province. The instrument of this study was¡ “36 item Short Form Health Survey«. Validity and reliability of Iranian version of this instrument has been assessed and confirmed in previous studies. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS/16.
physical functioning (65. 81±24/12) ¡ social functioning (62. 61±27/01) ¡ pain functioning (62. 12±27/01) ¡ mental health functioning (61. 94±20/14) dimensions of health status of mothers were in more desirable condition than other dimensions such as role limitation due to emotional problems (44. 44±38/49).
The health status of mothers of children with special needs was low. Therefore paying more attention to health status of these group of vulnerable mothers and development of appropriate programs is very essential.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the important factor of mortality rate in the world. This disease will reduce the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of MI patients from influential factor on quality of life. The present study is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach. In total, 19 participants with MI were selected using purposive sampling method. Data was collected by semi structure interview and was analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results contained 4 main themes such as disability and dependency, spirituality, communication and economical problems. In total 9 sub-themes of physical disability, physical dependency to others, control of risk factors, negative feeling, Inculcates, negative/positive effect of spirituality, family communication, social communication, and negative/not effect of economy were merged to shape main themes. Participants of the study identified the influential factors of quality of life improvement in 4 main themes of disability and dependency, spirituality, communication and economical problems. Consequently, enhancing above factors to improve the quality of life of MI patients is suggested.

Quality of life (QOL) is important in today''s society. By QOL، the people’s experience of life could be measured. Quality of life of mothers with children with special needs is the focus of this study. If QOL of mothers of children with special needs is low، the children’s mental and physical problems would be high. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of mothers of children with special needs about their quality of life. The study was done by interviewing. In this study، mothers of students attending schools in the Zanjan province were participated، and the selection was based on aim of the study، and the data was collected by using semi-structured interviews. Number of participants according to data saturation، was 13 mothers. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. In this study، the qualities of life of mothers of children with special needs were classified into eight themes. These themes include; overall dimensions of life satisfaction، psychological، economic، religious، family and friends، social، physical conditions، and life marital satisfaction. The quality of life of mothers of children with special needs (due to the problems of child) has a low level. Therefore، to reduce the negative aspects of at the lives of these mothers، counseling and therapy sessions is highly recommended.