فهرست مطالب سروش شریفی مقدم

Today, the main basis of diagnosis and treatment in medicine is the obtained evidence from the research. One of the movements that have attempted to establish this basis is evidence-based medicine (EBM). The present review dealt with the philosophical assessment of this subject.

In this study, EBM-related data from books and articles were reviewed. 

According to the obtained results of this study, the advocates of EBM have two assumptions. The first one is that medicine as practiced today is not scientific and should become scientific using evidence. The second assumption is that clinical decision-making should be based on the data derived from clinical trials the most reliable of which are systematic reviews.

The results of similar EBM-related studies usually lead to the development of guidelines for medical practice. Therefore, the assessments and challenges of EBM should be considered, even if it has been the only way to date.

Communication is the interaction between two individuals with a specific goal. The ability to communicate correctly is one of the basic skills in social life, which leads to human development. Today, medical science education is one of the purely theoretical training that relates to the goal of acquiring human and communication skills. It should be noted that establishing the correct relationship with clients and patients has some positive effects, such as: improving vital signs, reducing pain and anxiety, and so on. Also, in case of communication impairment, it causes mistakes in diagnosis and ..., which ultimately leads to dissatisfaction of patient. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of communication skills of students in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2017.

The current study is a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study. The statistical population is 281 students in the second half of 2017-2018 at Qom University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tools include a two-part questionnaire including demographic information and standard communication skills in verbal, auditory and feedback areas. Finally, for data analysis, SPSS software version 21 was used, and Independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were analyzed at a significance level less than 0.05.

In this study, 38.1% of the students are male, and 83.3% are single. The mean and standard deviation of the students' age and average score are 21.50 ± 3.13 years, and 16.98 ± 1.53 points. In this study, 60.5% (170 students) had good communication skills, and 38.4% (108) had moderate communication skills. Independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the mean score of communication skills and its dimensions according to the location of residence (P>0.05). But in the Pearson correlation coefficient, there is a significant correlation between the mean and the verbal dimension of communication skill (P=0.045 and r=0.143).

The mean and standard deviation of the score in the verbal dimension and auditory dimension in communication skills in terms of gender, showed a significant difference (P<0.05), and the verbal skill level for female students is better than male students. It should also be noted that, as far as possible, effective workshops were used to increase student communication skills,

Special features of camel urine and milk have caused their wide consumption in Islamic and traditional medicine as an anti-microbial, antioxidant, and liver protective substance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camel urine and milk in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced cirrhosis. Twenty-four male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (control, received olive oil, CCL4, camel milk treated, camel urine treated, and camel urine-milk treated). The CCL4-induced cirrhosis model in groups 3 to 6, was intraperitoneal injection of CCL4. Rats in control, olive oil, and CCL4 groups, intraperitoneally received CCL4 to induce cirrhosis. In the treatment groups, camel milk, urine, and their combination were gavaged respectively. Initial and final body weight as well as serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, albumin and triglyceride and total cholesterol, were measured in all groups. Liver morphology was assessed using Hematoxellin-Eosin (H&E) staining. Data statistical analysis was carried out using one way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc (in case of significance) tests. In this study, Serum level of AST, ALT and ALP significantly increased in the CCL4 group compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in the body weight among most groups; but only the simultaneous consumption of camel’s milk and urine in cirrhotic rats decreased the serum levels of ALT, ALP, and triglyceride compared to the CCL4 group. the findings of the present study indicated that simultaneous consumption of camel urine and milk improve cell damage induced by CCL4.