سعید حمیدی زاده

Depression is one of the most common and specific problems during pregnancy and after it. Maternal postpartum depression compromises mothers’ health and affected social relationship and has negative effect on infant development. The aimed of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postpartum depression and its related factors in Isfahanian mothers.This is a cross - sectional study. The study populations were 133 women who at the last 4-8 weeks after of labor those referred to Isfahan health centers. Demographic information and obstetric and Beck Depression Inventory were applied. Three categories emerged according to the degree of depression scale: mild, moderate and severe depression. Statistical analysis was used with the Pearson correlation and linear regression in SPSS version 18. 73 mothers had mild depression (10-19) and 56 moderate depressions (20-29), respectively. Among the factors of related with depression, maternal education, financial status, unwanted pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome and maternal occupational history, there was a significant correlation with postpartum depression (P>0.05). But the other factors such as age, sex, birth, and abortion was no significant relationship. Variables in the regression analysis, having a satisfaction with baby sex with postpartum depression were which; nine variables in total 27.7 percentage variance explain the postpartum depression. Among these factors, the predictive variables of maternal education, type of delivery, financial condition, unwanted pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome and maternal occupational history was significant in the meantime, the prediction of unplanned pregnancy more than other variables(ß =0.24).With attention to the factors associated with postpartum depression, the health care planner will help to better manage this problem. The results of this study will help to better understand the factors influencing of mothers in the labor process as the mothers in the labor process concerns the least mental tolerant.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; thus, effective education is required in order to enhance hypertensive patients’ lifestyles. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle education on hypertensive patients’ knowledge and performance. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 40 patients with essential hypertension who were selected by convenient sampling in Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom City during 2011-2012. The data collection tool consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire and cheek list which were completed by the patients one month before and after the intervention. Intervention was conducted by written and oral educational programs. Findings were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and paired T-test. Participants consisted of 24 women (60%) and 16 men (40%) with the mean age of 64.50±11.70. The means of patients’ knowledge and performance were respectively 5.59±0.91 and 11.89±2.65 before educational intervention. The same means changed to 6.58±1.15 and 13.28±1.78 after the educational intervention which revealed a significant relationship (P>0.05). The difference between the means of blood pressure before and after the intervention were statistically significant (P>0.05). Lifestyle education enhances hypertensive patients’ knowledge and Performance. Hence, it is suggested to employ educational programs targeting nutrition, exercise, stress, smoking, disease and the regular use of medicines among these patients in order to improve their knowledge and behavior.

Premenstrual syndrome is mental - neural - endocrinal disorders that lead toimpaired communication, natural activity, physical inactivity, and reduce motivation, careful activity daily living. If the sever it of the symptoms of PMS is excessive, could be affected a person’s life style, health and welfare. This syndrome as a disease can be caused by changes in the demographic and behavior of female students and has a significant impact on academic performance. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the parameters of depression, anxiety, and stress related to premenstrual syndrome in female students in university dormitories. This interventional quesi-exprimental study was done in 2011-2012 educational year in female student of Isfahan university dormitories’. Participants of study were 64 female students with premenstrual syndrome were randomly selected and divided in two groups’ trial (32) and control (32). After used 6 sessions progressive muscle relaxation program in trial group and fallow up it for 2 month, demographic, PSST and DASS21 questionnaire completed with trial group. After 6 sessions questionnaires completed by trial and control groups, data analyzed with statistical tests such as independent T test, repeated measurement, chi-square and Mann -Whitney U with spss18. Chi-square and Mann -Whitney U showed no significant differences in demographic variables in two groups (P>0.05). Repeated measurement test showed no significant differences in mean score of Premenstrual syndrome before, after and 2 months after in control group, where as this test showed significant differences in trial group (P<0.05). Independent sample T test showed no significant differences in mean score of stress and anxiety before intervention in two groups, but after and 2 months after intervention, significant differences in mean score of stress and anxiety were existe (P<0.05). Independent sample T test showed no significant differences in mean score of depression before intervention in two groups, but 2 months after intervention, despite mean score of depression decrees, this differences was not significant in trial group(P=0.09). Application of progressive muscle relaxation program for premenstrual syndrome and female students leads to decrease student’s depression, anxiety and stress. With attention to the grade of this students, that is one of the most critical periods of the life cycle of each them and PMS syndrome in this section lead to disabilities in social and academic functioning faces, and according to safety, inexpensive, effectiveness and efficiency of this program, application of this program is suggested for controlling depression, anxiety and stress of female students’.

Absenteeism cause many problems for managers and other personnel especially nursing staff and leads to decreased quality and quantity of nursing care and, ultimately, health level of society. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the related factors of absenteeism in nursing staff at hospitals affiliated with Tehran Medical University. 105 registered nurses with at least 1 event of absenteeism at different healthcare centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital were randomly selected. A questionnaire in 3 parts including items for demographics, related factors of absenteeism and an open question asking about the ways to reduce it was used for data collection.Content and test-retest methods were used for validity and reliability of the tool respectively (r=0/87). Such statistical tests as Chi-square and t-student were used for data analysis.Most subjects (9.82%) was between 26-39 (mean age=4.30±1.18); 6.78%, women; 6.88%, baccalaureate; 3.74%, married; 1.57% with rental residence and 4.71% with shift rotation. 5.65% considered therapeutic problems as the most effective factor in absenteeism, of which 9.83% named tiredness from work as a reason for them. A significant correlation was found between absenteeism and age as well as sex

In some patients with asthma aspirin (ASA) and all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase-1 and -2) precipitate asthmatic attacks and naso-ocular reactions. This distinct clinical syndrome is called aspirin-induced asthma (AIA). In this paper a 40 year old woman suffering from asthma was afflicted with dyspnea after visiting a doctor and administration of naproxen.. She was transferred to the emergency department of Miandoab al-zahra hospital and there she was afflicted with pulmonary–heart arrest. Immediately the patient was entubated and CPR began which was successful. She was transferred to ICU with Gcs=3 to continue her treatment. After 5 days the patient was discharged with complete consciousness.This syndrom is preventable but in some situations it can be severely life-threatening especially when the case is living in an area far from health centers.In this case the patients and their families should attend educational programs on the disease specificities drug administration manifestations of the disease and preventional methods.

One of the most important threats to health care staff is accidental sharp instruments injuries that may transmit blood born pathogen such as hepatitis BC and HIV virus to health care staff. The main objective of this study was to determine injuries caused by sharp instruments among Jahrom university of medical sciences hospitals health care worker In this deh1ive study the total number of 298 health care staff working in Peymanieh and Motahari hospitals in Jahrom were included. A questionnaire was designed to collect data and then the data was analyzed using SPSS software. The data indicated that 47.3 % of the staff had a positive history of sharp instruments injuries and the most common in juries were among the nurses (50.3%). The most causes of damage was Needle Stick injuries (44.4%) that occurred in operating room ward (27.7 %). 56% of damages happened in the morning. Among staff 92.3% received hepatitis B vaccine. based on the findings providing preventing measures and continuous training course and educational conferences to decrease such injuries in health care staff is necessary. Article Authors:

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive and degenerative myelin sheath disease of the central nervous system. It frequently occurs in young people in the productive stage of life who are solicitous about their role and family responsibilities. One of the treatment and vigilance intervention index in improvement of chronic illness is quality of life. The objective of the implementation of this study was to assess the effect of Orem self- care program on physical quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. This study was a quasi-experimental research on 70 multiple sclerosis patients’ who were randomly allocated to experimental or control group (35 patients in each group). The experimental group was treated with self-care program based on Orem self-care frame work and compared with the control group. Data was analyzed using presumption statistics. T test showed that there was no significant difference in the physical quality of life score before intervention in the two groups (P=0.33, T=-0.69), while after intervention, the same test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.001, T=14.42). Pair t test showed significant difference in experimental group before and after self care program (P=0.001, T=-14.20), whereas the same test showed no significant difference in the control group (P= 0.95, T= -0.06). According to the study result, self care program based on the Orem frame work can have an effect on the physical quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore, if a program is designed on the basis of educational needs and the “Orem self- care model” approach, it can be effective for enhancing the multiple sclerosis patients physical quality of life, and it can be recommended as a nursing interventional program. This intervention is safe, inexpensive and complementary that can be used to support multiple sclerosis patients in treatment centers.

The proportion of older adults in the population continues to grow in the developing countries. In addition, persons at or over the age of 60 years have decreased quality of life in geriartrics because of several factors, such as low physical activity and impairment in mobility. This study was performed to assess the effect of group-based exercise program on physical functional independency in order to finally increase the quality of life in older adults.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in old women and men in 2005-2007. In this study, 50 elderly men and women were randomly divided into two groups experimental (25) and control (25).Group-based exercise program was administrated to the individuals of experimental group for 8 weeks (3 time a week) and subsequently using SF-36 questionnaire, the level of quality of life was measured in the two groups at the beginning and the end of the study. The data was analyzed using manvitni , chi-square and nonparametric tests.

Using group-based exercise program, increase in mean level of quality of life in different dimensions physical functional, role functional, pain, general health, emotional well-being, social functional , emotional functional and mental health was statistically significant(p<0.01),whereas in the control group ,these parameters, were unchanged(p>0.01).

Our study results showed that use of a regular and prolonged exercise program can increase the level of quality of life in older adults in different dimensions.

Mental stress is considered to be a precipitating factor for acute coronary events. Mental stress delays rehabilitation in patients and may increase the complications of coronary events. We aimed to assess the association of subjective or perceived mental stress with the occurrence of acute coronary events. This prospective case-control study was carried out in Borojen health centers in 2006-2007. Fifty hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST elevation on electrocardiogram were enrolled as cases; unmatched controls were enrolled from amongst patients with coronary artery disease without recent acute coronary events. Equipments for data collection were client’s demographic questionnaire and subjective stress functional classification (SS_FC) questionnaire. Overall, 78.9% of cases with acute myocardial infarction had high-levels of stress (class III and IV), whereas 29.3% of controls reported high stress levels during the same period (p

Both the pregnant and breast feeding women are of the groups who are predisposed to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Although there is a regular program about consumption of ferrous sulfate tablet by these women, about 67 percent of them do not use their tablet regularly. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the reasons for irregular use of ferrous sulfate tablet in women referred to health centers in bourojen city. In this descriptive and analytical study which conducted in health centers of boroujen in 1384-85, 270 pregnant women with 16th week of pregnancy to two mounts after delivery were selected and interviewed. A questionnaire, including their demographic information, tablet consumption, attitude and behavior was filled in. Data were analyzed using Chai-square, Mann Whitney, Wilkakson, and Cruscal-Valis. The results showed that %33.1 of the women used their tablet regularly, %56.8 of them consumed it irregularly and %10.2 did not take it at al. There was no relationship between regular consumption of the tablet and familial level of socio-economical statues. Some of the reasons for irregular consumption of this tablets were forgetting of time interval of consumption (48.4%), nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (%12.4), and lack of knowledge and attitude toward necessity of consumption (%16.4). There were no significant relationship between number of delivery or pregnancy and age, employment, knowledge and attitude of the women (P<0.05). Our results showed that in mothers increasing knowledge and information by educational methods such as class and booklet, intermittent consumption of tablet can decrease forgotten dose of tablet and improve level of information.

Immobility and hypertension (HTN) are known risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and crebrovascular accident (CVA). Blood pressure control (in normal range) would prevent or postpone CHD and CVA. Non-pharmacological method is one of the most important measures in control of high blood pressure. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of low intensity aerobic exercise on blood pressure of employees with essential hypertension. This is a quasi-experimental study in which, 36 male employees suffering from hypertension who referred to the health facility centers of Boroujen, participated in a low intensive exercise program for four weeks, three times (each one, 20-30 min.) a week with intensity of about 50%-60% maximum heart rate (MHR). Before beginning of the exercise, immediately after that, and one week later, the parameters blood pressure, heartbeat, and body mass index and weight were measured. Using statistical methods (t test and analysis variance) the data were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects studied was 46.13±5 years. Before and after the intervention (exercise), the mean of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were 150.04±12 mmHg and 149.5±11 mmHg (p>0.05), 109.4±6 mmHg and 106.3±6 mmHg (p<0.01), and 109.4±6 mmHg and 106.3±6 mmHg (p<0.001), respectively. In the cases of heart rate, weight, and body mass index, no significant reduction was observed. Based on these results, the low intensity aerobic exercise is an effective method for the control of blood pressure.

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent human joint disease and knee joint is the most common joint, which is affected in the disease. The most common signs of this disease are reducing of motion range and morning stiffness of knee joint. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of TENS technique, as a non-pharmacological therapy, on range of motion and morning stiffness of knee joint on patients with knee osteoarthritis. In this quasi-experimental and single blind study, a total of 57 patients with knee osteoarthritis who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran in 2005 were randomly divided into two groups of case (29) and control (28). TENS technique (110 Htz) was administered to the case group for 4 weeks (3 times a week for 20 minutes). Then, range of motion and morning stiffness of knee joint measured in different times during the intervention in this group. The same situation was used for the control but with turn-off system (Placebo). Range of motion and morning stiffness of knee joint was measured in the two groups in the first season (beginning), sixth session and at the end of study. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, KV, and t tests. The mean of motion range in the case group was 82.2±2.26 before intervention, and increased to 89.7±3.07 and 117±4.5 at the sixth session and at the end of intervention, respectively (p<0.001). In the control group, the mean of this parameter in different times of intervention was not significant. Moreover, in the two groups, there was not significant difference in joint morning stiffness in different times of intervention. Based on the results, TENS technique affects remarkably on range of motion with no effect on morning stiffness of knee joint in patients with osteoarthritis. Thus, this method would increase range of knee motion in patients with osteoarthritis.

In addition to control of the disease, improvement of quality of life is important for treatment of the patients suffering from bleeding disorders such as thalassemia. The impact of thalassemia and its complications on the quality of life of these patients and parents perspective has been little studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the perspective of children with thalassemia and their parents about the quality of life of these children. In this descriptive–analytical study, the quality of life of 39 children with thalassemia referred to Hajar hospital of Shahrekord was studied using a quality of life questionnaire (pedSQL). Opinions of the children and their parents about physical, social, emotional and school functions of the children were collected. The data was analyzed using t-test, Manvitni and Hebsti Spirman tests. Perspective of the children and their parents about the mean of quality and quantity of life in the children was 1.06 and 1.43, respectively (p<0.001). With respect to school and social life, there was no significant difference between the quality of life of the parents and the children. However, in physical (p<0.05) and emotional (p<0.001) aspects, there were significant differences between the two points of view. With respect to physical situation, quality of life of the girls was worse than that of the boys (p<0.05). Overall, quality of life of rural children was lower than that of the urban ones (p<0.001). Perspective of children with major thalassemia and parents abort quality of life especial abort emotional and physical is different. With respect to the role of parents in education of children, administration of programs to improve psychological health in children along with their the patients is recommended.

Anxiety and stress are among the most important problems of modern life. These problems, particularly in elders who their adaptation to the problems is low, result in serious complications in health. This study was performed to assess the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) technique on anexiety and stress in the hepertensive elders. This quasi-experimental study was coducted in Kahrizak charity foundation in Tehran, in 2005. In this study, 55 elderly men and women who resided in the centre and suffered from hypertension, were randomelly divided into two groups; experimental (27) and control (28). PMR technique was administrated to the individualls of experimental group for 6 weeks (3 times a week, for 20 minutes). Subsequently, using depression anxiety stress (DAS) questionair, the level of anxiety and stress was measured in the two groups at the beginning, in the third week and at the end of the study. The data was analyzed, using Manvitni, Wilkakson and ANOVA tests. Using PMR, mean of anxiety and stress in the individuals of experimental group was 38.8±4.02, before intervention and decreased to 3434.3±3.7, at the third min. and to 33±5.17, at the end of intervention (p<0.01). In the control group, the means were 38.6±4.14, before intervention, 37.5±6.07 at the third week and 39.5±4.16 at the end of intervention. These differences were statistically sinificant (p<0.05). Also, in the individuals of experimental group, there was a significant decrease in SBP, DBP, HR, RR (p<0.01), wherease in the control group, these parameters, except RR were increased (p<0.01). Our results showed that using non theraputic tecniques such as PMR may control both stress and anxiety and thier compications such as hypertension in elders. This would result in healthy and prolonged life in this age group like others.

Hypertension is a chronic problem and most common cardiovascular disease. Whenever in this study carried out no drugs therapy and effect of progressive relaxation therapy on elderly hypertensive cliens. This study was a quasi experimental research that was conducted in two groups of control and experiment in order to evaluating efficacy and feasibility of progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure of elderly subject with mild and moderate hypertension, residing at kahrizak charity foundation for elderly, in the year of 2005. fifty five elderly men and woman hypertensive (27 experiment and 28 control) were randomly studied Equipments for data collection were, client demographic questionnaire, check list of BP and recorder, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope. For then experimental group progressive musele relaxation was performed in 20 minutes sessions, three weekly for 6 weeks were calculated and compared with control group. Statically analysis was done help of SPSS. Mann- Whitney test showed that systolic blood pressure and diaatolic blood pressure in the both groups before the intervention was similar (p<0.05). Same test indicated that both stages of means, was significant differnce of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between both groups(p<0.05), and Wilcox on test also, showed a significant difference in decline of blood pressure after the intervention(p<0.05) in the experimental groups and reversely the same test showed a significant difference berween, before and after intervention in control group(p<0.05). Consequently the hypothesis of this study progressive musele relaxation (PMR) declines the blood pressure in subjects practieing this program. Comparing to the control group, such hyporthesis was confirmed.