سعید صانعی

The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of social networks in the formation of self-care caused by the corona virus among adolescents. In terms of purpose, the present study is of applied type and in terms of survey data collection method. The statistical population of this study is all adolescents aged 11 to 16 years in Tehran city in 2020. Due to be unlimited of the number of statistical population in this study, using Morgan table, the sample size was 384. Samples were selected using multistage cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through face validity and its reliability was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software was used for data analysis and regression and independent t-test were used to analyze the hypotheses. Research findings show that social networks have a significant negative effect on self-care formation among adolescents aged 11 to 16 years in Tehran (With beta coefficient = - 0.456) Social networks also had a significant negative effect on self-care formation of social (With beta coefficient = - 0.411), psychological (With beta coefficient = - 0.406) and physical (With beta coefficient = - 0.352) injuries among adolescents. Also, the use of social networks was significantly higher among male adolescents than in female adolescents, and self-care among female adolescents was significantly higher than male adolescents. It can be concluded that by increasing the use of self-care social networks and its three dimensions (self-care of social, psychological and physical injuries), it is significantly reduced among adolescents.

With the approval of Article 45 of the amendment to the Anti-Narcotics Law in 2017 and the imposition of Ifsad fi al-arth for some drug crimes, an important change was made in the field of the death penalty in drug crimes. This change, which was made with the intention of eliminating and reducing executions, was a kind of expediency in accepting the suspicious jurisprudential Ifsad fi al-arth which, while changing the scope of strict criminal policy, has led to ambiguities and challenges. Primarily, the lawmaker has developed the scope of strict penal policy and execution though claiming he has decreased the punishment for the aforementioned crime. Secondly, the legislature has expanded the scope of the crime of Ifsad fi al-arth, which is a limited crime that does not comply with the rules of dare and Caution in issuing verdicts of death penalty, and with this interpretation, has made the abolition of the death penalty more difficult from a legal point of view. Thirdly, it seems that the inclusion of the verdict of Ifsad fi al-arth is not correct for all the clauses of the supplementary Article 45 of the amendment, and this adaptation can be justified only if the activity of the accused in the distribution and sale of narcotics is widespread and has led to corruption in society.

The development of the penal policies brought about by the legislator has not been fixed for executions and so has shifted towards the enactment of strict penal policies or their limitation. The present study investigates the changes in the scope of penal policies in Iran in regards to drug-related crimes deserving execution. This was done using the descriptive – analytical method and indicated that the lawmaker has further increased the scope of strict penal policies and their execution in the last legislative will, Article 45 of the amendment enacted in 14/10 2017, claiming the punishment for the aforementioned crime has decreased. Although the legislature has tried to limit the strict criminal policies by taking measures such as reducing the scope of crimes punishable by death by increasing the weight of drugs and converting final sentences into imprisonment and fines, it is evidenet that in practise, the severity of the penal policies has becaome much more prominenet than before. This is as a result of the deprivation of death row inmates from compassionate measures, use of ambiguous legislative terms, expansion of the role of criminal records in the death sentence, independent criminalization of criminals and standardization of some drug-related crimes.

Human as the greatest utilization of land resources without posterity note with the aim being to further develop the standard of living, and ultimately increase the health of the population is taken. So that in 2025 the world population will reach over 8.3 billion people. Since the 1950s, the process was accelerated population growth, Agriculture provides food and supplies to people. The use of chemical fertilizers also as an agent to increase the amount of spread. Accordingly, applying the methods of sustainable agriculture and ecological agriculture to lead the world is required (Kochaki et al., 2005). Many studies suggest that the issue of excessive use of chemical fertilizers, crop yield has been faced with a significant drop (Khaje Hosseini & Koocheki, 2008). The reason for this decline is attributable to the lack of balance acidity of the soil; reduce soil biological activity, physico-chemical properties of soil loss (Kaushik & Garg, 2003; Adediran et al., 2004). Loss of biodiversity and groundwater and surface water (Brar et al., 2008) pollution and climate change cited. The use of biofertilizers in addition to economic benefits reduces environmental pollution, reduce production costs and improve product quality implications (Aseri et al., 2008). In addition legume plants are an important source of plant protein, which is important for low-income community. The positive effects of bio-fertilizers, especially in the root zone is the maintenance of water and food. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on root and shoot characteristics pinto bean cultivars is COS16 and 21676. In order to evaluate the effect of biofertilizers on root characteristics of two varieties of beans, an experiment was conducted on factorial arrangement base on completely randomized design with three replications as in research greenhouses College of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2014. In this test we used pots was filled 1:1:1 relatively ratio with leaf compost, soil and sand. The first factor was two varities pinto bean (COS16 and 21676) and the second factor was six treatments of bio-fertilizers include 1) Nitroxin® (containing bacteria Azotobacter sp. And Azospirillum sp), 2) Bio - Phosphorus ® (PSB) (containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus sp., And Pseudomonas sp.), 3) bacteria coexist beans (Rhizobium), total organic fertilizers symbiotic beans), 4) compound fertilizers Nitroxin and Bio-Phosphorus, 5) 60 kg urea per hectare, and 6) control. Seeds was obtained from the National Research Center Beans Khomeini. Inoculating seeds with biofertilizers base on standard method (Kennedy et al., 2004) away from direct light and follow the manufacturer's recommendations, along with the planting was done. By watering each pot was half a liter bottles. At the end was measure all morphological roots and shoot traits. Resulted of analysis variation showed that the highest and lowest root dry weight was achieved in nitroxin and symbiotic bacteria treatement respectively. The 21676 vareity root dry weight was more than the COS16 vareity. Nitroxin bio-fertilizer had the greatest impact on root length and COS16 variety was longer than the 20676 variety. COS16 variety inoculated with bio-phosphorus fertilizer had the highest total dry weight. The COS16 variety was the lowest dry weight in control. The highest and lowest pods number recorderd in Nitroxin treatemnt and control, respectively. The highest umber of seeds per pod was in the treatment nitroxin and COS16, and the lowest in control and the 21676. It seems that bacteria Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. which is the main contents are included nitroxin bio-fertilizer, high in nitrogen fixation ability and the availability of nutrients needed by plants such as phosphorus, potassium, iron-siderophore production and Mhlvlsazy, the synthesis of phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin the synthesis of enzymes that affect plant growth and development, especially in the 21676 positive effects on the traits of their own.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between constraining factors and students’ participation in extracurricular sport activities at Military University. The method of the present study was mixed and of an explanatory type. Questionnaire and interview were two techniques used for data collection. The results showed that about %66 of students said that they did not participate in any physical activity. 3 factors of time, skill and personal interest were more preventive respectively among the students. Also, there was a significant relationship between shortage of time, personal interest, economic status, level of physical fitness and public relations with level of sport participation of students, but there was no relationship between facilities, quality of management and skill with level of sport participation. In addition, the results of the qualitative research identified two categories: individual and organizational factors that played a role in the absence of students from extracurricular sport activities. A large part of the obtained results of quantitative research was approved by the results of qualitative research. In addition, their cause was investigated in an accurate, in-depth and more practical way. Since the participation in sport activities will promote health, the officials are recommended to plan to overcome these obstacles and to pave the way for more participation of students.

The purpose of present study was to study of safety standard of spaces and sports equipment of required for new physical education program and provides strategies for optimum use of spaces and equipments. This study was a descriptive survey. The statistical community of this includes all of sports spaces of Schools of education in Tehran areas. 384 schools as the sample size of the four area of Tehran by multistage systematic sampling (regular) were selected. Standards through the use of lists designed by researcher were assembled. 5 components in the safety conditions inside field and surfaces, privacy and lines, design and dimensions, facilities and coverage and equipments were studied. For analyses of collected data were used: descriptive statistics to determine the safety status of different factors and Kruskal Wallis, U - Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests to evaluate the safety conditions of different educational locals safety conditions of different areas of education of Tehran schools and survey of different components of safety by statistical software SPSS 11. Research results show a wide range of observation and lake of observation of safety standards in the various factors. Significant differences indicated among the safety status of different education locals (P< 0.05). Also, significant differences indicated among the safety conditions of different areas of education of Tehran schools (P< 0.05). However, no significant difference was reported among the various components of safety (P> 0.05). Research results from this research and literature research, necessary solutions in order to eliminate risk cases and more efficient places and schools sports equipment was supplied.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), somatotype and body fat percentage (BFP) with lumbar lordosis in cadets. Forthis purpose, 60 healthy male university students (mean age, weight and height: 20.6±0.8 years, 70.4±10.6 kg, and 176.5±7.0 cm respectively) were selected randomly as the sample. The lumbar lordosis angle was measured by Iranian flexible ruler and somatotype and BFP were measured by methods used by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Collective data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistics. The results did not indicate a significant relationship between BMI, somatotype and BFP with lumbar lordosis as the coefficients of correlation between BMI, somatotype and BFP with lumbar lordosis were 0.198, -0.049, and 0.068 respectively. Consequently, it seems that the calculation of the mentioned variables cannot be an appropriate indicator to predict the amount of lumbar lordosis angle.

P ersonality is one of the most fundamental concepts of psychology that is affected by various experiences. Having an acceptable character is an ideal view and a remarkable point for military forces. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of military training on personality traits of non-athlete students who enter the military environment.

This quasi-experimental study was carried out in 2011. The study subjects were 105 non-athlete male students who entered one of the Cadet Universities of Iran in the academic year of 2010-11 and were selected by simple random sampling. The data gathering tools were personal characteristics questionnaire and Bern Reuter Personality Inventory. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and dependent T-test using SPSS 16 software.

Military training had a significant positive effect on four of the studied characteristics and increased self-confidence, dominancy, extroversion and the decrease of neurotic tendency (p=0.001). This happened while military training had a significant negative effect on sociability (p=0.002) and self-sufficiency (p=0.001) and caused increase in isolation and decrease in sociability.

Military training increases emotional balance, extroversion, self-confidence and dominancy in students, while it results in dissociability and isolation of students. Authorities should consider necessary arrangements during military training in order to wash out negative effects and enhance more positive effects of this period on students’ personality traits.

This research is designed to describe the correlation between implementation of crawl techniques in and out of water. The statistical population includes students who have taken the physical education course with a focus on swimming. The samples include 50 students who are randomly chosen on the basis of the Krejcie and Morgan table. Observation by 3 well – experienced trainers takes center stage in the research. The data presented here represents the viewpoints of the 3 trainers. The data gathered here is analyzed descriptively and cognitively using the correlation quotient presented by pierson. According to the finding of this research the correlation – quotient processed by spss software stood at R=0.365 with a margin of error of p=0.009. The common point was R² = 0.136. That means the swimming techniques could be applied out of water in places like dormatory and or at home and on vaulting horse (simulator). The advantages associated with this are, low – cost training, more coordination between limbs and out – of – water / training on how to breath, faster training particularly in situations when swimming pools are not accessible / such as wartime training for veterans.