فهرست مطالب سعید فلاحی زاده

Increase in amount and variety of healthcare wastes is one of the most important problems affecting human health and environment. Due to the infectious effects of these wastes, accurate management of them in the healthcare centers is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the wastes generated in the healthcare centers of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, Iran, in 2015. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province. Samples were taken from 432 healthcare centers in the province through census method. Three samples were taken from the affiliated units of Yasuj (capital city of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province) University of Medical Science in one year, and the average weight of them was considered as final weight. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Findings: Total wastes generated in the affiliated units of Yasuj University of Medical Science were 1186.26 kg/day. Ordinary waste, sharp waste, infectious waste, chemical waste, radiological waste, and pathological waste were 80.86%, 1.50%, 16.09%, 0.71%, 0.36%, and 0.44%, respectively. Healthcare centers in Boyerahmad and Choram counties had the highest and the lowest amount of infectious and sharp wastes, respectively. Due to the relatively high volume of infectious wastes in the provincial centers (more than 16%), it is essential to equip the centers with devices which treat the infectious and sharp wastes

Particulate matters are very harmful for human health. Long term exposure to particulate matter is important factor in deaths due to lung cancer and heart diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health effects attributable to air pollutants PM10 in Gachsaran city.
In this descriptive study, required data were collected from the Environmental Protection Office of Kohgiluye-Boyerahmad Province, and they were analyzed in Excel software. Then, in order to estimate relative risk (RR) and attributable component, the information was entered the AirQ2.2.3 software.
Findings: According to the results, the average annual concentration of PM10 in Gachsaran city was about 121 µg/m3. Of the total of 58 deaths attributable to the PM10, 27 deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and 13 deaths were due to respiratory diseases. Also, the cumulative number of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 39 and 147 patients respectively.
This study showed that air pollution due to PM10 in Gachsaran city has been caused many deaths and hospitalizations in 1394. Therefore, it is expected that the authorities use short-term, medium-term and long-term programs to control these types of pollutants.

Dentists are a vulnerable group who are at risk of hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ambient noise on dentists. This cross-sectional study was carried out on residents and professors working in School of
Dentistry in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 1394. Audiometry tests using a standard acoustic chamber with a frequency range of 125 Hz to 8000 was performed. Survey questionnaires were completed in the hearing session. Data were collected confidentialy and the results published without including the names of dentists. The results of this study were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
In 35 percent of studied dentists at least a degree of hearing loss in one ear was detected. The hearing loss rates in the right and left ear were 35% and 23% respectively. Cases with hearing loss among women were more than men. There was no relationship between job experience and hearing loss. There was no significant relationship between the dentist's age and hearing loss.
Best solution for dentists hearing loss control is enforcement of standards of noisy work equipments. The use of silencer as well as proper insulation of devices such as compressors can also be useful. Keywords: Hearing loss, audiometry, Dentists

The discharge of phenol and chlorinated compounds, fatty acids, tannin, lignin, and their by-products into receptive waters poses serious hazards for the aquatic life. In this study, the efficiency of a tow-step process of activated sludge-trickling filter (AS/TF) in the removal of inert chemical materials that defy conventional treatment processes was investigated. For this purpose, an integrated activated sludge process (industrial scale) was used sequentially with a trickling filter (pilot scale). Inside a tank with an effective volume of 6.87 m3 was installed 5.78 m3 of polypropylene 2HX media with a specific area of 240 m2/m3. The hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of the trickling filter during the startup period (90 days) was 3.6 m3/h which was raised to 3.6-6 m3/h in the operation period (120 days), with the best effluent quality achieved at HLR=5.4 m3/h. For the purposes of the experiments in this study, four reactors, each 1256 cm3 in volume, were fed the WWTP effluent and concurrently a glucose substrate containing a COD content equal to that fed to the four reactors was fed into two identical reactors; all the reactors were subsequently run for 480 h in aerobic conditions. Nutrients, pH, and DO (as environmental control indicators) as well as soluble and total COD were measured twice daily. The effluent values of soluble inert materials (SI), total soluble COD (STO), degradable suspended materials (XSO), degradable COD (CSO), refractory suspended materials (XI), and degradable soluble materials (SSO) for AS were calculated as 40, 227, 94, 281, 251, and 187, respectively, while the same parameters for the AS/TF were 20, 227, 104, 311, 241, and 207 mg/l, respectively. The results showed that the activated sludge process when combined with the trickling filter has a twofold capability, compared to when used alone, in removing inert COD. It was also shown that treatment levels in conventional WWTPs can be improved by integrating conventional treatment processes.

Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the well-known foci of malaria in Eastern Mediterranean Region. The study was carried out to investigate malaria situation in Kogiloye and Boyerahmad during during 2001-2010. The retrospective study using data information were extracted from health center of archived from malaria cases had been recorded in province during the years of 2001-2010. The data were analyzed by Descriptive statistical test. Out of one hundred and fifty six malaria cases during this decade، 119 (76. 28%) were males and 37 (23. 7%) females. The study showed that about 87% of malaria cases had been occurred in Afghanian immigrants in this region. The highest and lowest (29. 6% vs. 1. 9%) rates of malaria were occurred in 2002 and 2010، respectively. Among districts of the province the highest rate of malaria cases was belonged to Boyerahmad (80. 1%). The present study indicated that Plasmodium vivax was the most common cause of malaria in this region (91. 02%) followed by P. falciparum (8. 33%). During the past decade malaria cases were apparently decreased in Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad province and most of cases had been imported to the region from other endemic foci. Respect to suitable environmental conditions for transmission of malaria in this area surveillance measures should be implicated to control disease through rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients particularly in foreign immigrants.