فهرست مطالب سعید کاشانی زاده

In this study, 10 selected pistachio genotypes were affected by irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments included two levels of full irrigation and withholding of irrigation for two weeks, which were applied on three months seedlings. After the stress period, all plants (control and under stress) were irrigated again to the field capacity and their moisture was maintained at the field capacity for two weeks and different parameters were measured. Under water stress conditions, the highest relative water content of leaves (60.29%) belonged to P9 genotype. The P3 genotype also had the lowest ion leakage (41.8%), the lowest malondialdehyde concentration (18.73 μmol/g fresh weight), the highest proline concentration (0.8683 μmol/g fresh weight), and the highest concentration of soluble sugars (12.03 mg/g fresh weight). Under water stress conditions, the lowest relative water content of leaves (54.32%), the highest ion leakage (58.84%), the highest concentration of malondialdehyde (27.19 μmol/g fresh weight), the lowest amount of proline (0.53 μmol/g fresh weight) and the lowest amount of soluble sugars (6.697 mg/g fresh weight) also belonged to P8 genotype. In terms of growth parameters, the results showed that P1, P3 and P9 genotypes under water stress treatments showed less reduction than the control compared to other genotypes. In general, the results showed that P3, and P9 genotypes tolerated drought better than other genotypes and the P8 genotype showed more sensitivity to drought.

Insufficient pollination is one of the main reasons for the low pistachio yield in the country. Differences in the flowering time of male and female pistachio trees, the inadequate ratio of male to female trees in the orchard and lack of proper orientation can significantly reduce the efficiency of pollination and consequently the yield of pistachio trees. The simultaneous flowering of male and female trees is essential for successful pollination and fertilization. In this study, 56 male pistachio genotypes in Yezbar pistachio station, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Qazvin province during 2020 were examined and their flowering characteristics evaluated. For this purpose, three branches of each genotype labeled in the spring and phenological stages such as flowering beginning, full bloom and end of flowering were examined. Also, male catkins were collected during the flowering period and indicators such as wet and dry weight of the inflorescence, the weight of pollen grains per inflorescence and the number of inflorescences on the branch measured. The results showed that the flowering period of the female Kalebozi cultivar in the orchard was 11 days. Flowering began on April 21, the full bloom stage on April 26, and the end of flowering on May 1. The male genotypes also had a significant difference in all traits except the fresh weight of the inflorescence at the level of 1%. Evaluations showed that among the 56 male genotypes, 530-2 and 522-2 were the earliest and the latest flowering genotypes, respectively. The longest flowering period with 13.3, 12.6 and 12.3 days were related to genotypes 526-4, 516-1 and 522-3, respectively, followed by the genotypes 502-5, 529-5 and 529-1. The shortest flowering period belonged to 521-3 with 5 days. The flowering period of genotypes 502-5, 526-4, 516-1 and 522-3 was completely consistent with the flowering of Kalebozi cultivar and covered 100% of the flowering of this female cultivar. In addition, genotypes 526-4, 526-6, 522-3, 508-3, 518-6, 525-6 and 508-4 had higher dry weight of inflorescence and production of pollen grains. In terms of the number of catkins, the genotypes 529-5, 528-4, 508-4, 526-4, 518-6, and 509-4 had more than three catkins. Genotype 526-4 can be introduced as the superior genotype for pollination of Kolebozi cultivar due to its long flowering period and being synchronous with Kolebezi cultivar and also having more pollens and catkins.

One of the most basic issues in pistachio orchard, pollination is suitable inoculation.
Therefore, with regard to non-compliance with the ratio of male to female as well as due to the low yield of pistachio trees in Qazvin province, Artificial pollination ( Supplementary) in pistachio orchards studied. In this experiment, two varieties of local-causing pollen that are Pollinators on different spray three Cultivars of Owhadi Qazvini, Akbari was used.
The test has two factor , a factor Cultivars (kaleh bozy, Owhadi, Akbari) on 3 levels and the pollen donor (A, B and Free) in three levels, a total of 9 treatments in 3 replications of each unit with a choice of two clusters of flowers in two north and a total of 54 South split plot experimental unit was.
Finally, after data entry operations, analysis of variance and Duncan mean comparison method were performed with SAS software and MSTATC.
The results showed that the number of supplementary pollination of fruit per cluster and the positive effects of the reduction of percentage blank. The best male tree pollen for pollination pollen local GA was at flowering 50%. Pollination not only are quantitative (number of flowers per cluster and the dry weight of pistachio kernel) increased, but also qualitative characteristics such as percent blind respectively in pistachio Akbari, Owhadi and kaleh bozy reduced.

Due to complex identification of young pistachio cultivars (Pistacia vera L.) using morphological traits, advance molecular tools have provided a new prospect for DNA fingerprinting. In this study, specific molecular keys were identified for 10 Iranian pistachio cultivars (Pistacia vera L.) using 25 SSR markers and 12 specific AFLP primer combinations. Out of 25 SSR markers, 4 were polymorphic. However, specific molecular keys were not identified using SSR markers. Twelve specific AFLP primer combinations produced specific molecular keys for 10 Iranian pistachio cultivars. Out of 12 specific AFLP primer combinations, two produced specific molecular keys for 8 Iranian pistachio cultivars. Specific primer combination “M_TTT-E_GTC” in Abbasali, Ahmad Aghaei, Badami Sefid, Fandoghi 48, Momtaz, Ohadi va Shahpasand, and “M_GAG-E_CAG” in Akbari produced specific keys. The results showed that there was a similar genetic background within Iranian pistachio mother's trees. The specific molecular keys were verified on 36 pistachio mother's trees and the results were confirmed at two independent laboratories. The reported specific molecular keys can be used for identification of 10 Iranian pistachio cultivars.

This study was conducted to identify the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on morphological characteristics of pistachio fruits. The following parameters were evaluated; unfilled fruiting, the fruit fraction, bearing and yield. This research was carried out from 2007 till 2010 in a Split plot design with five concentrations of GA3 (0, 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 mg/l) in four replications. The main plot was foliar application time (Dec. 15, Jan. 15 and Feb.15) and subplot was GA3 concentration on Ohadi cultivar. Results were analyzed by Mstat-C program and the DMRT method was used to comparison the means. The results has been showed significant differences between treatments which was compared to control (P

Idiocerus stali is one of the important pests of pistachio in Qazvin region and causes heavy damage. In order to control, its biology was studied in qazvin province during years 2007-2008. Two pistachio orchards were selected and 10 trees choosed in each plot and 4 yellow sticky traps instaled on branches at 2 height 1.5 and 2.5 meters at early march. The traps were visited every 3 days. Results showed that overwintering adults appeared at 25 march. Pistachio hoppers were not seen in Bueenzahra and west of Qazvin, orchards. Oviposition began from 12 april. Number of eggs in each hole counted from 1 to 8 Nymphs and adults of new generation, appeared at 19 may and 30 may respectively. Hibernation started, in early October and ended in late October.. Study showed that average injury on each fruit branch was % 79.1.

Crown rot or gummosis is one of the most important diseases of pistachio trees in Qazvin province. For determination of Phytophthora species, their distribution and rate of damage in Qazvin province (Boeen Zahra region), samples from Crown tissue and soil were collected. In laboratory, isolation of fungus was performed by selective media (CMAPV and PARPH). The isolates were purificated by culturing tip of hypha and important morphological charactristics were studied to identify species. Two fungi, P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae were recognized as causal agents of gumosis in Boeen Zahra region and proved their pathogenecity. With repeated surveys from pistachio orchards in spring, summer and fall, observation of disease symptons and isolation of fungus from soil or tissue of infected trees, distribution of disease was determined in different area of Hosein Abad, Valad Abad, Arasang, Khonan, Jahan Abad and Eshrat Abad in Boeen Zahra region. Based on infection percentage of orchards, rate of gummosis damage in Boeen Zahra region was estimated very low and approximately 2-3 percent.