فهرست مطالب سعیده صادقی

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of resilience training on the general health of parents of students with special learning disabilities. The method of the current research was semi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with control group). The statistical population of this research included all the parents of students with specific learning disabilities in the learning disabilities center of Parsabad city in the academic year of 2022- 2023, who were selected by the available sampling method of 30 people after screening through a general health questionnaire and in two The experimental and control groups (15 people in each group) were randomly replaced. The experimental group was subjected to therapeutic intervention (for 8 sessions, each session for 90 minutes). Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) test was used for data analysis, and SPSS version 20 statistical software was used for this purpose. The findings showed that resilience training had a significant effect on improving the general health and its components (physical disorder, anxiety and insomnia disorder, social functioning disorder and depression) of parents of students with special learning disorders (P<0.05, P<0.01). According to the obtained results, it can be said that this training can be considered as a desirable educational option to improve the general health of parents of students with special learning disabilities.

Bank employees are one of the groups at risk of covid-19 after the medical staff. One of the effective models in the field of preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19 is the health belief model. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of educational intervention in the prevention of covid-19 based on the health belief model among the employees of Yazd Bank.

The present intervention type study (intervention and control group) was conducted in 1400 on 106 employees of the National Bank of Yazd. Two WhatsApp groups were formed. Questionnaire links were sent to both groups. The questionnaire used in this study was the standardized questionnaire in the study of Delshad et al. For the intervention group, educational content based on the constructs of the health belief model was prepared in the form of pamphlets, educational clips, info graphics, podcasts, and educational messages and sent in the virtual group (WhatsApp and Yes). Three weeks after the completion of the training program, the link to the questionnaire was again sent to both groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.

All constructs of the health belief model were significantly different in the intervention group after the implementation of the educational intervention (p<0.005). After the implementation of the educational intervention, the preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19 improved significantly (p<0.005). The most significant increase is related to the structure of behavior, where the mean (standard deviation) of the behavior score in the intervention group before the implementation of the educational intervention was 23.94±6.21, and 3 weeks after the implementation of the educational intervention, it was 20.91±3.91 44 increased

Considering the positive impact of the health belief model on preventive behaviors against contracting Covid-19, it is suggested to use the mentioned model in the educational planning of Covid-19.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the unified trans-diagnostic treatment on emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, and sleep quality in people with post-traumatic stress disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group with 2-month and 4-month follow-up periods. The statistical population included all patients referred to psychological counseling centers in Kermanshah in the years 1399-1400 with post-traumatic stress disorder, from which 40 people were selected in an accessible and purposeful manner and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. In order to collect data from the  Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and john (2003), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-3 (ASI-3) by Taylor & cox (1998), and Pitesbourg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) buysee et al (1989) were used. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of the analysis showed that unified trans-diagnostic treatment led to a significant improvement in anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality, and emotion regulation in people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (P<0/01). The examination of the follow-up periods showed that there was no significant difference between the follow-up and post-test periods (P>0/01). Therefore, this shows the persistence of the treatment effect over time. From the above findings, it can be concluded that unified transdiagnostic treatment can be used as an effective approach to modify and improve the psychological problems of people with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Consumption of smokeless tobacco products annually causes the death of more than 250 thousand people worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of transtheoretical model education on the temptation / self-efficacy of smokeless tobacco products among guild traders.

In this quasi-experimental study, 320 guild traders were studied by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was used after confirming its validity and reliability. Intervention strategies included group discussions with videos and photos related to the destructive effects of smokeless tobacco products on general health and oral health, using data projectors and PowerPoint. After 6 months from the intervention, the questionnaire information was collected again and finally the data were analyzed in SPSS 20 software using descriptive and analytical tests.

In the pre-intervention phase, the mean scores of temptation/ selfefficacy in pre-contemplation stage were 16.63± 1.59, 16.45 ±1.51 contemplation and 13.28±0.48 readiness, but in the next phase, from the intervention, the mean scores of this structure in individuals in the pre-contemplation stage decreased to 9.97±2.09, contemplation to 9.94±2.26 and readiness to 10.61±2.18, and there was a significant difference between this structure and the changes were observed (P-Value <0.001).

By designing and implementing interventions based on the transtheoretical model, the temptation of people consuming these products can be reduced at different stages of change and their self-efficacy to overcome tempting situations can be increased.

Impossible difference attack is a powerful tool for evaluating the security of block ciphers based on finding a differential characteristic with the probability of exactly zero. The linear layer diffusion rate of a cipher plays a fundamental role in the security of the algorithm against the impossible difference attack. In this paper, we show an efficient method, which is independent of the quality of the linear layer, can find impossible differential characteristics of Zorro block cipher. In other words, using the proposed method, we show that, independent of the linear layer feature and other internal elements of the algorithm, it is possible to achieve effective impossible differential characteristic for the 9-round Zorro algorithm. Also, based on represented 9-round impossible differential characteristic, we provide a key recovery attack on reduced 10-round Zorro algorithm. In this paper, we propose a robust and different method to find impossible difference characteristics for Zorro cipher, which is independent of the linear layer of the algorithm. The main observation in this method is that the number of possible differences in that which may occur in the middle of Zorro algorithm might be very limited. This is due to the different structure of Zorro. We show how this attribute can be used to construct impossible difference characteristics. Then, using the described method, we show that, independent of the features of the algorithm elements, it is possible to achieve efficient 9-round impossible differential characteristics of Zorro cipher. It is important to note that the best impossible differential characteristics of the AES encryption algorithm are only practicable for four rounds. So the best impossible differential characteristic of Zorro cipher is far more than the best characteristic of AES, while both algorithms use an equal linear layer. Also, the analysis presented in the article, in contrast to previous analyzes, can be applied to all ciphers with the same structure as Zorro, because our analysis is independent of the internal components of the algorithm. In particular, the method presented in this paper shows that for all Zorro modified versions, there are similarly impossible differential characteristics. Zorro cipher is a block cipher algorithm with 128-bit block size and 128-bit key size. Zorro consists of 6 different sections, each with 4 rounds (24 rounds in all). Zorro does not have any subkey production algorithm and the main key is simply added to the value of the beginning state of each section using the XOR operator. Internal rounds of one section do not use the key. Similar to AES, Zorro state matrix can be shown by a 4 × 4 matrix, which each of these 16 components represent one byte. One round of Zorro, consists of four functions, which are SB*, AC, SR, and MC, respectively. The SB* function is a nonlinear function applying only to the four bytes in the first row of the state matrix. Therefore, in the opposite of the AES, where the substitution box is applied to all bytes, the Zorro substitution box only applies to four bytes. The AC operator is to add a round constant. Finally, the two SR and MC transforms are applied to the state matrix, which is, respectively, the shift row and mixed column used in the AES standard algorithm. Since the analyzes presented in this article are independent of the substitution properties, we do not use the S-box definition used by Zorro. Our proposed model uses this Zorro property that the number of possible differences after limited rounds can be much less than the total number of possible differences. In this paper, we introduce features of the Zorro, which can provide a high bound for the number of possible values of an intermediate difference. We will then present a model for how to find Zorro impossible differential characteristics, based on the limitations of the intermediate differences and using the miss-in-the-middle attack. Finally, we show that based on the proposed method, it is possible to find an impossible differential characteristic for 9 rounds of algorithms with a Zorro-like structure and regardless of the linear layer properties. Also, it is possible to apply the key recovery attack on 10 rounds of the algorithm. So, regardless of the features of the used elements, it can be shown that this number of round of algorithms is not secure even by changing the linear layer.

Drivers are more exposed to unhealthy lifestyle due to their working conditions. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the relation between lifestyle and high-risk behaviors in drivers visiting the Cargo Terminal of Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 in the Cargo Terminal of Yazd. Convenience sampling was performed. Data were collected using two questionnaires, a lifestyle and a researcher-made high-risk behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Logistic Regression using SPSS version 22.

The results indicated that 59.3% were smokers, 44.9% hookah users, 24% drug users, and 65.3% had relation with someone other than. There was a significant correlation between lifestyle and smoking and also drug use. Income and the number of days away from family showed a significant relation with all the high-risk behaviors. Marital status had a significant relation with hookah use and the relation with their wife. Also, education had a significant relation with hookah use and drug use.

Conducting intervention programs to prevent the use of various tobacco products and also the use of appropriate preventive measures to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can play an important role in improving lifestyle and reducing high-risk behaviors in drivers.

Drug abuse is one of the important challenges in the field of mental health and adolescence health promotion. Because of the social and medical cost of drug abuse and its consequences among youth people, it is necessary to intervene effectively. This theoretical based study explained predictability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on drug abuse related behaviors among adolscents.  This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chabahar City in 2015 among 300 male adolescents, recruited randomly. All data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The data were analyzed by independent t- test and pearson correlation.  we found that 77% of the participants had no history of parental drug abuse. Furthermore, 72% of participants reported a history of using industrial drugs in their friends. The Chi-square test showed that adolescent's smoking had a significant relationship with father's education, family size, history of using industrial drugs in parents , history of using industrial drugs in friends, and the participants' business o (P˃0.000). However, the level of maternal education (P = 682) and living with parents (P = 729) had no significant relationship with the adolescents' smoking rate since knowledge and attitude had the highest correlation and predictability with industrial drug abuse among the adolescents, theory of planned behavior can be used properly and effectively to plan and implement  prevention programs among the adolescents.

In recent years, the use of conservation tillage methods in the world has been widely considered and the use of conventional tillage methods has become obsolete in some parts of the world. Soil conservation tillage systems in arid and semi-arid usually runs. In semi-arid areas, the key to increasing the production of crops is to maximize the penetration of superficial waters. In addition, techniques that lead to a decrease in evaporation from the soil and increase the amount of water available to plants when drought occurs, they are very important. Conventional tillage methods, by increasing energy costs, lead to processes of degradation and reduction of water and soil resources, and long-term effects on soil properties produce undesirable effects and cause the formation of hard layers. The metabolic share and microbial contribution are among the ecophysiological indices that are evaluated to determine the microbial status of the soil.

This research was conducted in 2015 to investigate the effect of different tillage systems on soil biological activity in Golestan province. In this study, in the first stage, three regions were selected from Golestan province in the Gorganroud basin and in the cities of Gonbad, Kordkuy and Bandargaz. From each of these managements, 30 samples were taken at depths of 0-30 cm. Then biological soil properties such as soil microbial respiration, microbial biomass, urease, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and cellulase activity Measured. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized block with three replications.

The results showed that the effect of tillage treatment in three areas of Gonbad, Kordkuy and Bandargaz on microbial respiration traits, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, urease, cellulase and dehydrogenase was significant, but there was no significant effect on microbial biomass in Gonbad region. The results of the comparison of mean values indicated that soil biological activity was affected by different tillage systems in the three studied areas. In all three studied areas, the rate of respiration in conventional tillage systems was higher than that of no-till and conservation tillage systems. While in the no-till system, due to reduced organic matter decomposition, the amount of microbial biomass was higher than the other two systems. Considering the differences in enzymatic activity in different regions in different systems, the results showed that alkaline and acid phosphatase enzymes activity, urease and cellulase activity in the Gonbad region in the conservation tillage system was higher than of two other systems While in the Kurdkuy region the activity of these enzymes in the conservation tillage system was less than the other two systems. In the Kurdkuy and Bandargaz regions, the activity of the dehydrogenase enzyme in the conservation tillage system was more than the other two systems, while in the Gonbad region the activity of this enzyme in the no-till system was more than the other two systems.

Different tillage systems affect the level of biological and enzymatic activity of the soil, which was also dependent on the area, so that the microbial biomass of the soil decreased with decreasing moisture content and soil organic matter. Also, according to the results of this study, it was determined that the conventional tillage s system in terms of biological and enzymatic activities in all three areas, especially the Gonbad area, had less efficiency and more efficient no-till and conservation tillage systems, although in areas the different situations were different. Key words: tillage, enzymatic activity, conservation tillage and organic matter

Inbreeding is the increase in homozygosity of offspring resulted from mating between related animals or animals that have common ancestors. The main effect of inbreeding is decline in performance of inbred animals known as inbreeding depression. The magnitude of inbreeding depression is not the same across the various traits and population. Recent studies revealed that inbreeding depression also shows variation among founders within a population. Variability of inbreeding depression arises when distribution of deleterious recessive alleles among founders are not equal. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of inbreeding can be reduced if deleterious recessive alleles were removed (purged) by selection against homozygotes in earlier generations. Estimating the partial and ancestral inbreeding coefficients makes it possible to assess the balance of distribution of recessive alleles among founders and incidence of purging of deleterious alleles in population. The objective of this study was to estimate wright inbreeding, partial inbreeding, Ballou ancestral inbreeding and Kalinowski ancestral inbreeding coefficients in the breeding flock of Karakul sheep. In this study the pedigree file of the breeding flock of Karakul sheep containing 7477 pedigree records collected during 1989-2014 was used to estimate wright inbreeding, partial inbreeding and ancestral inbreeding coefficients of animals. Pedigree completeness index was calculated to evaluate the quality of pedigree. Animals that born in the last 4 years of the pedigree with pedigree completeness index of greater than 0.6 was considered as a reference population to decomposition of the inbreeding to partial inbreeding arises from founders. Ballou ancestral inbreeding of all animals was estimated. Also, inbreeding coefficients of animals were decomposed to the New and Kalinowski ancestral inbreeding. The mean of wright inbreeding coefficients of animals in all population and reference population were 0.85 and 1.36, respectively. A total of 108 of 280 founder animals (38%) have a positive contribution to the inbreeding of the reference population. Mean and standard deviation of the partial inbreeding coefficients of these 108 animals were 5.19 and 7.37%, respectively. The 10 and 25 founders contributing the most to inbreeding explained a large part of the inbreeding of the reference population (i.e., 42 and 66%, respectively). Mean Ballou ancestral inbreeding of the whole and reference population were 1.17 and 2.12, respectively. Most of the animals in the population have positive Ballou ancestral inbreeding. Kalinowski ancestral inbreeding of animals was low and its mean was 0.07% in the population. Ancestral inbreeding in this population was in accordance with Ballou definition of ancestral inbreeding. Correlation of wright inbreeding coefficient with Ballou ancestral inbreeding, Kalinowski ancestral inbreeding and New inbreeding coefficients was 0.1, 0.37 and 0.99, respectively. Based on the results of this study, Ballou ancestral inbreeding coefficients of animals in this flock has increasing trend which can lead to purging of deleterious alleles in this population. Therefore, for assessing the incidence of purging of deleterious alleles in this population, estimating of the effects of ancestral inbreeding on reproductive and production traits are suggested. Also, the estimated partial inbreeding coefficients of animals can be used to determine the contribution of each founder to observed inbreeding depression. On the other hand, estimated partial inbreeding coefficients can help to detect founders that carry the deleterious alleles. Then, these information could be used in mating programs so that new born lambs have a less partial inbreeding arises from carrier animals or those animals which have greater contribution to inbreeding depression.

Tuberculosis is one of the main causes of mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between women's Knowledge and personal health about tuberculosis. In this cross-sectional study, 400 women who referred to health centers in 2016 were studied by Convenience sampling method. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was confirmed by experts and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 6.7. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using statistical tests such as mean, standard deviation, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. The results of the study showed that the mean age of women was 32.4 ± 3.1 years. The largest number of participants in the research (64.4%) were in the age range of 35 to 15 years old, and most of the subjects (37.8%) were illiterate. There was a significant difference between the scores of knowledge of women referring to Chabahar health centers and health houses regarding tuberculosis based on job status, personal health and education levels. (P <0.05). According to the findings of the study, attention should be paid to educating women with low education about symptoms, transmission of disease, methods for prevention and diagnosis of tuberculosis in order to comply with personal health.

The prevalence of skin cancer is increasing all over the world, especially in Iran; however, this cancer is preventable by several protective measures like lifestyle changes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lifestyle education on preventing skin cancer behaviors in Urmia midwifery students.

In this quasi-experimental study, 100 midwifery students (50 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group) were enrolled. The research sample was selected using stratified ran-dom sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Educational inter-vention was administered in three 45 min sessions. The study data were collected through direct inter-views once before and then three months after the intervention. The obtained data were analyzed by the Independent t-test and paired t-test.

The mean scores of knowledge and attitude in the intervention group increased compared to those in the control group after the intervention. Also, some difference, but not significant was observed in the control group. Finally, the mean scores of skin cancer prevention behavior in the intervention group signifi-cantly increased compared to the control group.

Regular and planned education can be effective in promoting skin cancer prevention behaviors.

One of the most common diseases of primary school children is pediculosis (head lice). According to Health Organization reports, despite many efforts and spending a great deal, the disease has not yet been adequately controlled in different countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of students about head pediculosis among primary school girls in Torbat Heydariyeh.
In this semi experimental, controlled trial study, 272 students (136 individuals in each group) were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire. The educational program included lecture, group discussion and role play, which was performed only in the intervention group and did not intervene in the control group. Questionnaires were completed in two groups before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed by SPSS software.
The results of the study showed that the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of students after training in the intervention group increased and had a significant difference with the pre-training scores (p Modified education improves knowledge, attitude and practice and thus reduces the amount of infection to pediculosis. Accordingly, it is recommended that individual health education be included in educational books.

The use of municipal solid waste compost has been considered as an appropriate method for the improvement of soil quality in spite of having heavy metals. For this study, three types of soil textures including clay, loam, and sandy loam soil were used. These soils were mixed with five levels of compost treatments (0, 20, 40, 80 and 120 ton/ha) and this research was done using factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. After some basic experiments, the content of heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Mn were measured in the various sectors. The results showed that increasing the amount of compost application increased the concentration of heavy metals in all solution, organic, carbonate and residual parts of soils as well as soil pH and EC. The increase in the concentration of these elements was more in the clay soil compared to the other two soil textures. Furthermore, the highest amounts of these elements in decreasing order were as follows: residual fractions> carbonate> organic> dissolved parts, respectively. The maximum amount of heavy metals in the solution part belonged to Mn, while Zn accounted for the minimum amount of heavy metal in the sandy loam. According to the results, it is recommended that, in the application of such compost fertilizers, in addition to measuring the heavy metals contents of these fertilizers, the necessary monitoring should be implemented with regular programs.

Among all types of mass movements, landslide is the most common which causes costly damages to landscapes and human lives. In Iran's northern watersheds, landslide events are observed because of high amount of rainfall, inappropriate landuse managements, and sensitive lithology. Damages caused by landslides can be doubled if they happen in a watershed which is located in upper part of a dam because the moved soil sediments in reservoir of the dam and fills its capacity. In this study, which aims landslide susceptibility modeling and mapping in Taleghan watershed, AHP method was used in order to determine each factor's weigh in causing landslide and FUZZY approach was applied in GIS environment to overlay the fuzzy factor maps. In order to choose the most suitable model, different models were applied through 6 scenarios. Output of each scenario was compared with observed landslides and the cumulative overlap area curves were plotted for each scenario. The model used in scenario number 6, which had the most increasing rate (0.237) in the curve and meanwhile had the least area under curve (0.3) was chosen as the ideal model for landslide susceptibility mapping in the area. In the process of this research slope curvature, which is lacked in many studies on watersheds in the country, has been considered as a causative factor.

van Genuchten model is a well-known and most widely used model for the estimation of soil water retention curve. The parameters of this model have been estimated by different estimators such as soil texture. But so far the properties of compaction curve have not been used to estimate the parameters of van Genuchten model. Compaction curve is one of the soil mechanical properties and shows the relationship between the stress-strain with the elasticity modulus. Soil water retention and compaction curves have similarities. Measurement of soil water retention curve is time-consuming and costly while the measurement of compaction curve is cheap and needs less time. For this study, 150 soil samples (distributed and undistributed) were collected from five provinces of Iran. Soil water retention was measured at 12 suctions and the compaction curve was obtained using uniaxial apparatus in the confined sample. In this research, 6 levels of estimators including compaction characteristics and equations coefficients were used to estimate water content. In general, results showed that the use of compaction curve was useful to estimate the soil water retention curve. The second and sixth levels with the estimators of Pc-Cc-Cs and parameters of stress-strain model (indirectly), respectively along with basic soil properties had higher estimation accuracy compared to other estimator levels. The reason for the excellence of these estimators can be due to their correlation with van Genuchten model parameters and mechanical concept of estimators. Moreover, the similarity between the two curves was one of the reasons for the appropriate estimation of soil water retention curve.

In this paper, the results of surface and ground water quality monitoring during drilling of three deep exploratory wells in geothermal project in North West of Sabalan in Meshkinshahr are analyzed. The region has been investigated by various researchers to generate electricity using geothermal energy. Drilling in deep geothermal projects, a variety of materials such as cement, bentonite, barite, soda ash, sodium chloride, etc. are used in the process of drilling and fixing wells enabling large amounts of pollutants into the aquifers that may discharge into the Khiav River. This study have tried to identify the possible effects of drilling three exploration wells on the Khiav River and hot and cold springs in an area in Sabalan. The water quality of Khiav River is very important because it supplies drinking and irrigating water for Meshkinshahr city and suburbs with a population about 200, 000 people. Residents of villages and many nomadic families use cold springs as drinking water sources in the summer, as well as many tourists who travel there to visit touristic attractions and hot springs may be affected by possible changes in water quality of these springs. Therefor monitoring the changes in the quality of hot and cold springs in the area is significantly important. The results of an 18 months of investigation indicate that drilling activities have no significant effect on the water quality of Khiav River and springs. Levels of some high heavy metals concentrations of other elements are less than the standard for drinking water.

Flood is one of the major hydroecological phenomena that in each period causes damages to human achievements. Therefore, controlling this phenomenon is the subject of many researcher's works and studies specially hydrologists who have tried to predict the flood`s possible behavior by modeling it. This paper is trying to help one of the most widely used methods to estimate the maximum discharge in one of important catchment basins in Iran. So using the Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph method that is released by the Soil Conservation Organization of America, and according to the history of rainfall in each region, the likely quantitative estimates of flood volumes can be presented in each season. Although parameters in this method are diverse and frequently correlative, the results give accurate estimates of the flood discharge that are consistent with the input data. So in this study, to calculate the maximum discharge based on SCS method, numerical modeling has been used in a Matlab program and for this purpose, the 24-hour flood data at a four-year time period has been imported. At the end, to link the precipitation of maximum discharge using a weight-bearing function, a mathematical equation with the best adaptation with each subbasin’s data was extracted which can substitute with the lengthy equations in the intended area.