سعیده عرفانیان

Treatment of bone defects is very challenging due to the complex composition, structure, and functions of bone. Tissue engineering is a new approach to the treatment of bone injuries. In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted from rat tibia and femur and cultured in αMEM medium. Then, morphology, surface markers, and differentiation into bone and fat cells were evaluated. The sheep heart tissue was cut into pieces and decellularized with 1% SDS and then examined by tissue-specific staining (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, DAPI, and Alcian blue). Cardiogel was prepared from the decellularized cardiac muscle tissue and then a two-dimensional coating derived from cardiogel was created. To investigate the viability, proliferation, and differentiation, BMSCs were cultured on different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8) of cardiogel coating which was used as the test group. The gelatin coating was used as a positive control group and the substrate without any coatings was used as a negative control group. Increased viability, proliferation, and differentiation of BMSCs were observed in culture vessels containing cardiogel. According to the results of the cell viability examination, with the increase in the concentration of cardiogel, the growth and the function of the cells increased; However, it was not statistically significant. The results of this study showed that cardiogel can be used as a two-dimensional coating in cell culture and provide a microenvironment similar to the inside of the body.

Bone is the hardest and one of the most important tissues in the body. In case of bone damage, the current treatments do not completely repair and regenerate the bone. For this reason, cell-based tissue engineering strategies, especially Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have received attention. MSCs have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different cell types, including bone cells, cartilage cells, and fat cells, among others. They are found in various tissues throughout the body, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue. Today, MSCs are a valuable resource for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. In addition to the cells, scaffolds are another essential element of tissue engineering. One of these scaffolds is decellularized tissue-derived hydrogels, which are three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymer chains that can absorb and retain a significant amount of water. In tissue engineering, they mimic the natural extracellular matrix of tissues, providing a suitable environment for cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of decellularized skeletal muscle-derived hydrogel, known as Myogel, on bone marrow-derived MSCs biological behaviors, including proliferation, viability and migration. In this study, MSCs were isolated from tibia and femur of adult Wistar rats. MSCs were cultured in a complete medium (a-MEM containing 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep)). The identity of cells was determined by morphology (using inverted microscope) and expression of specific CD markers (using Flowcytometry). Skeletal muscle was decellularized and accuracy of decellularization was evaluated using special staining. Then Myogel was prepared from digested decellularized skeletal muscle. Here, Myogel substrate was used as the control group, gelatin substrate as the positive control, and un-coated plates as the negative control. The effect of Myogel on survival (MTT method), proliferation (drawing the growth curve and calculating the doubling time of the cell population), cell cycle profile (flow cytometry method), and cell migration (scratch method) were investigated. The MTT test showed that the survival of MSCs in Myogel substrate with a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml was higher than the survival of MSCs in gelatin substrate with a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and the survival of MSCs in gelatin was higher than the survival of control MSCs. Myogel substrate increased the proliferation and migration of cells and decreased the doubling time of MSCs population. Examining the cell cycle profile showed that a high percentage of cells cultured on Myogel were in the G1 and S phase of the cell cycle, indicating an increase in cell division speed by gelatin and, in the next degree, by Myogel. Therefore, Myogel can be used as a suitable substrate to increase the proliferative and migratory potential of MSCs, which are an important factor in tissue engineering.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are cells that can replicate and differentiate into cells of multiple organs. However, there are challenges regarding their cultivation conditions. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most commonly used culture medium additive for in vitro cultures, despite its undefined composition, potential immunogenicity, and possible prion/zoonotic transmission. For these reasons, significant efforts have been targeted at finding substitutes, such as serum-free media or human platelet lysates (HPL) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of the simultaneous use of FFP, HPL, and FBS on the proliferation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord blood and adipose tissues.

In this study, five platelet concentrate bags were obtained from the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, the branch of Jahrom. Relatively, the Platelet lysate was prepared by repeated freezing/thawing method, and dead cells were separated from platelet lysate by centrifugation. MSCs were isolated from the adipose tissue of five patients undergoing hernia surgery or cesarean, and from the umbilical cord of 10 newborns. The cells were cultured in control (FBS) and experimental (FBS+FFP, FFP+HPL and FBS+FFP+HPL) groups. Cells of MSC phenotype were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and viability was examined using the MTT assay.

The results showed that the proliferation and viability of mesenchymal stem cells were increased significantly in the FBS+FFP, FBS+HPL, FFP+HPL, and FBS+FFP+HPL groups compared to the FBS group.

In this study, it was shown that FBS+FFP, FBS+HPL, FFP+HPL, and FBS+FFP+HPL had a beneficial effect on the growth and proliferation of MSCs. It seems these biological effects are due to the presence of growth factors and cytokines produced by blood cells. This study confirms that FFP+HPL as a supplement in some culture media may be considered a suitable alternative instead of FBS for the MSC culture media.

A healthy diet plays an important role in the prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM); the genetic background is also effective in the pathogenesis of GDM. Adiponectin is a hormone that has a wide range of effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. This study was performed aimed to investigate the interaction effect of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphism on biochemical factors in healthy pregnant women and those with gestational diabetes.

This case-control study was performed in 2018-2019 on pregnant women referring to the gynecological ward of hospitals/clinics in Jahrom city, Fars province. 387 healthy pregnant women and 306 pregnant women with GDM completed the food frequency questionnaire. The principal component analysis method was used to extract the major dietary patterns. In addition, blood biochemical factors were measured and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify rs266729 polymorphism of adiponectin gene. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0). Multifactorial analysis of variance was use to study the interaction of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphisms with different biochemical factors. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

No significant relationship was observed between the frequency of rs266729 polymorphism and GDM (p> 0.05). The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed a significant difference in GDM women (p = 0.048). Fasting blood sugar and triglyceride levels in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed significant differences for different rs266729 polymorphism genotypes in the gestational diabetes group (p-interaction: 0.033 and 0.002, respectively).

in accordance with the adiponectin genotype in pregnant women, consumption of balanced amounts of fruits and dairy products has an effective role in preventing GDM.

 A novel coronavirus has recently been discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019 named SARS-COV-2. Sensitive molecular assays are now available for detection of SARS-COV-2. The aims of this study were to detect positive subjects of SARS-COV-2 and to survey some challenges that are encountered practically in detection of the virus by Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) technique.

 271 subjects including 105 women and 166 men were registered by census method from 15 April to 15 Jun of 2020. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples of suspicious cases were collected for RNA extraction to identify SARS-COV-2 by rRT-PCR amplification.

 69% of the positive SARS-COV-2 patients over the age 50 were men. However, technically the results showed that in the time period of 15 April to 15 May of 2020 the contents of received rRT - PCR kits were infected with positive control.  8 % of certain negative control samples showed a signal resembling to that of the positive samples in the rRT - PCR process. In addition, the results showed that in some of the rRT - PCR kits the master mix would produce signals like positive control without adding the sample to it automatically in 7 % of the tests.

 Having different types of negative control for diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 is necessary to reduce the chance of having false positive results.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on telomere length and telomere factors of leukocytes in sedentary young women. A total of 21 students voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=11, age=23.25±2.01 years, height=163.32±5.44 cm, and weight=62.2±7.56 kg) and the control group (n=10, age=24.42±1.32 years, height=165.00±4.88 cm, and weight=66.6±6.30 kg). The experimental group performed three sessions of HIIT a week for eight weeks. Every session included three-six runs with maximum speed in a 20-metre area with 30 seconds of rest between each run. The fasting blood samples were collected immediately before and after the exercise protocol. The telomere length was measured using Real Time PCR method. The data were analysed using independent and paired t-tests. The results showed that leukocyte telomere length (T/S ratio) (p=.04) and telomerase activity (p=.04) in the experimental group increased significantly. Moreover, the body fat percentage, BMI, and weight of the experimental group decreased significantly. The results of this study showed that HIIT increases the leukocyte telomere length in sedentary young women, making it an efficient and appropriate method of exercise.

Vancomycin is used for treatment of methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) infections; therefore، resistance to this antibiotic is increasing. We aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of vancomycin resistant S. Areas (VRSA) strains isolated from clinical samples. In this cross-sectional study، 100 S. Aureus isolates collected from hospitals in Shiraz during six months، 2012، were identified by biochemical، microbiological and molecular methods. After determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern by disc diffusion method and vancomycin agar screening test، Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test for vancomycin، thicoplanin، linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. The most resistant and the most sensitive antibiotic were ampicillin (%95) and quinupristin-dalfopristin (99%)، respectively، and 44% of isolates were resistant to methicillin. In agar screening test، 48% of strains had reduced sensitivity and in disc diffusion 3% strains were resistant to vancomycin. In E-test method، only one isolate was resistant to vancomycin. given the presence of VRSA and new antibiotic resistant strains، we recommend doing some intervention to prevent from spreading these strains in hospitals..

Radiation therapy is a stage of therapeutic in the management of tumors that causes normal cells damage. So, Radioprotective drugs injected before radiotherapy to reduce cell damages and death against ionizing radiation. Curcumin is an antioxidant compound. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible protective effect of curcumin against Gamma-Radiation in male rats.

70 adult male wistar rats randomly divided into 10 groups including: control, sham, Experimental 1 (treatment with maximum of curcumin in amount of 100 mg/ml), Experimental 2 (treatment with medium of curcumin in amount of 50 mg/ml), Experimental 3 (treatment with minimum of curcumin in amount of 25 mg/ml), Experimental 4 (treatment with curcumin in amount of maximum+radiation), Experimental 5 (treatment with curcumin in amount of medium+radiation), Experimental 6 (treatment with curcumin in amount of minimum+radiation), Experimental 7 (solvent+radiation), Experimental 8 (exposure to irradiation). All animals recived Intraperitoneal injection.following, the testis were fixed and section stained with Haematoxyline & Eosin for 15 days Then with using a microscope equipped with a scaled ocular micrometer and image analysis software were histomorphometry.

This study showed that Gamma-radiation with dose of 2 Gy caused severe degeneration changes in testicular tissue include significantl decrease of epithelium thickness and the number of spermtogonia, spermatid and spermatozoaand significantly increased the proportion of lumen diameter to seminiferous tubule diameter (P<0.05) and primary spermatocyte compare with control group. So treatment with curcumin balances adverse effects of Gamma-radiation on testis structure and spermatogenesis and leads toaward normal position.

Introduction and With regarding to excessive cost for blood preparation and preservation and lack of appropriate reservation and utilization pattern for blood in hospitals in the country, the present study was carried out for investigation of blood requisition and utilization rate in different wards of hospitals in Jahrom and comparison of them with standard transfusion indices. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 1066 patients were studied; that blood was reserved for them in different wards of two hospitals in Jahrom, during three months. Characterizations of patients, hospitalization ward, blood group, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of requisition, cross-matched and transfused blood units were collected before and after of surgery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and standard transfusion indices C/T, TI and TP were calculated. In the present study, out of 1414 of requisition blood units, 10.18% of them were transfused to patients and only 19.38% of cross-matched blood units were used. Blood transfusion indices C/T, TP and TI were 5.15, 14.52% and 0.26, respectively. The highest and lowest rates of C/T were belonging to urology (18.18) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (1.0) wards, respectively. According to obtained blood transfusion indices, considerable of cross-matched blood units do not use in Jahrom hospitals and it must be done according to Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule for surgical operations those blood reservation is necessary as cross-matched blood.

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) could be expanded extensively in monolayer، with limited senescence and they maintain their multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. We characterized the multipotent ability of human synovial membrane derived stem cells (SMSCs) and investigated the neural differentiation potential of these cells. SMSCs isolated from knee joint of ACL (Anterior cruciate ligament) and baker cyst patient. these cell were proliferated and amplified with the indicated concentration of FBS (Fetal Bovin Serum) and DMEM in vitro. Alizarin red and oil red staining was done to investigate stemness property of cells، then they were induced in vitro by β-ercaptoethanol (BME)، and Retinoic acid (RA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was done to prove neural gene and osteocyte and adipocyte cells specific genes. RT-PCR analysis showed the expression of osteogenic and adipogenic genes. Following neural induction،SMSCs were differentiated into various types of neural cells in vitro.. RT-PCR analysisalso demonstrated that the mRNA levels encoding for neurofilament medium (NFM)، neuron specific enolase (NSE)، were also highly increased in induced SMSCs. These results suggest that synovium tissue، which is discarded in most knee operations، can be used for cell therapy and tissue engineering protocols as an enrichment source of potent mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of SMSCs by inducers such as BME-RA could highly transdifferentiate SMSCs into neuronal-like cells.

Sarcocyst infection is one of the most common zoonotic protozoan diseases caused by different Sarcocystis spp. Given the importance of this infection in public health، the infection rate of macroscopic and microscopic sarcocysts in slaughtered goats was determined in Jahrom abattoir.

Between April and June in 2011، six tissues including the esophagus، tongue، diaphragm، shoulder muscles، thigh muscles، and heart of 4925 slaughtered goats were inspected to detect macroscopic sarcocysts in Jahrom abattoir. To detect microscopic cysts، four tissue samples (esophagus، tongue، diaphragm، and heart) from 400 goats free of macroscopic cysts were investigated randomly via impression smear and digestion method.

The infection rate of macroscopic cysts was 9. 48% and the highest infection rate was observed in the esophagus (91. 1%). There was no significant relationship between the infection rate of macroscopic cysts and the age or gender (p value >0. 05). The infection rate of microscopic cysts was 59. 5% and 100% via impression smear and digestion method، respectively. There was a significant relationship between the infection rate of microscopic cysts and age (p value =0. 002)، whereas the relationship between the infection rate and age did not constitute statistical significance (p value =0. 700).

The results showed that digestion method was the most sensitive method for the detection of sarcocystis in goats and 100% of the goats were infected by this method. Thus for the prevention of human infection، the meat should be frozen or cooked sufficiently before consumption irrespective of the results of carcass inspection.