فهرست مطالب سعیده نوری

The present study aimed to design a model for developing entrepreneurial behavior in agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province, employing an exploratory mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase of the study, the participant team included all key individuals well-informed about entrepreneurship within the cooperatives of Kermanshah province. Thirty participants were selected using a snowball purposive sampling method. The statistical population for the quantitative phase included 530 managers and members of active agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province. Among them, 223 were selected using the stratified sampling method and Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data collected during the qualitative phase were analyzed using Nvivo8 software, resulting in the development of a grounded theory in the form of a conceptual model. During model analysis, research hypotheses were initially compiled and then assessed using the path analysis method in SPSS 23 and SmartPLS3 software. The findings from the qualitative phase, based on the grounded theory model, were categorized into six groups: Causative conditions (e.g., economic profits, personal incentives, etc.)Contextual conditions (e.g., cultural factors, diverse working areas, etc.)Intervening conditions (e.g., sanctions, market fluctuations, etc.)Phenomena (e.g., entrepreneurial behavior such as innovation, initiative in job tasks, etc.)Strategies (e.g., educational-promotional activities, keeping cooperatives up to date, etc.)Consequences (e.g., self-sufficiency in production, preventing cooperatives from depression, etc.).In the quantitative phase, the model emerging from the qualitative part was tested and ultimately approved. Based on the results, it is recommended that to foster entrepreneurial behavior in agricultural cooperatives, the research model be presented to cooperative members through training classes.

One of the main problems of agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah province is the weakness in the development of entrepreneurial behaviors. If these entrepreneurial behaviors develop in agricultural cooperatives, it can be expected that their innovative products and services be developed and expanded. These can pave the way to raise of rural agricultural development programs in Kermanshah province. Present study focused on analyzing components of entrepreneurial behavior development in Kermanshah province's agricultural cooperatives using inductive approach of grounded theory. Required information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with a selected sample of entrepreneurship experts in agricultural cooperatives of Kermanshah province (n= 30). The samples were selected using purposive snowball sampling technique. The written texts obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the conventional coding process of grounded theory. Thus, the findings included different open (49 codes), axial, and selective codes. Based on axial classified codes (15 codes), the main axes of entrepreneurial behavior development in agricultural cooperatives of Kermanshah province were divided into two categories of factors promoting and inhibiting the development of entrepreneurial behavior. Promoting factors were including economic benefits, personal incentives, financial and human support, management support, diversified fields of work, development of new markets, and the level of cooperation and involvement of institutions with the cooperative. Inhibiting factors were including cultural factors, internal conflicts, insufficient knowledge, inadequate financial support, administrative bureaucracy, sanctions, market volatility, and climate change. Finally, conceptual axes were identified and merged to develop the entrepreneurial behaviors of agricultural cooperatives in Kermanshah. Through this process, a model was developed for entrepreneurial behavior development in agricultural cooperatives of Kermanshah province. Therefore, based on the findings, it is suggested to increase the awareness of managers and members about promotion of entrepreneurial behavior in agricultural cooperatives through educational and extensional courses.

Oxidative stress as a consequence of aging can induce infertility in males. In this study، we have investigated the effects of aging on sperm parameters، intra-spermatic water soluble antioxidants، reactive oxygen species (ROS)، and in vitro blastocyst formation. We chose 5 older NMRI male mice (10-12 months) and 5 younger NMRI male mice (2-3 months). Sperm parameters، ROS، soluble antioxidants level and in vitro fertilization rate were assessed in both groups. The results were analyzed by the independent sample and chi square tests. A correlation test was performed between ROS generation and soluble antioxidant levels. Our data showed a significant decrease (P≤ 0. 05) between sperm count، progressive motility and normal morphology. There was no significant difference in percent rate of in vitro fertilization، blastocyst formation rate، ROS and water soluble antioxidant levels between the two groups. We observed a significant difference (P≤0. 01)، linear and inverted relation between both groups in terms of ROS and water soluble antioxidant levels. Aging causes a significant decrease in sperm count، progressive motility and normal morphology. The relationship between intra-spermatic oxidant and anti-oxidants is significant، linear and inverted in both young and aging mice. Thus، high levels of water soluble antioxidants are followed by decreased ROS levels. This study has shown that age of the male mouse did not affect the percent rate of in vitro fertilization and blastocyst formation.

There is a long period between harvested beets and their transfer to the sugar factory. Sugar beet crop is damaged and injured during harvest and transport which provides a suitable place for various saccharoliytic microorganisms growth in terms of temperature, moisture, pH and glucose concentration. In this study, samples were randomly selected from the roots stored in spring 2010 and also the processed syrup in one of the sugar factories in Isfahan, to isolate and identify microorganisms. After washing and disinfecting the root’s surface, infected pieces were taken from different parts of tissue. After preparation of dilution series, isolation and identification of microorganisms were carried out using standard microbiological methods. In the next stage, the impact of the ethanolic extract of the honey bee prepolis as an antimicrobial agent was studied under the controlled environment on the isolated bacteria and fungi. And, its effect was compared with two disinfecting materials, i.e. sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite. Different kinds of gram-positive bacilli and cocci, including genus Bacillus, Leuconostoc, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus from bacteria, and several types of fungi constitute Paecilomyces, Chrysosporium, Pencillium, Fusarium and Pythiumwere isolated, purified and identified. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were detected among the isolated bacteria. Bacterial counting in heated syrup showed the presence of bacterial spores and the re- growth of bacteria as 53 colony forming units per ml. after emergence. The bacterial population remained in heated syrup was belonged to the Bacillus species. These bacteria are called as ‘ human opportunistic pathogens’ and some of them are allergens. Therefore, it is important to control their population instored sugar beet which can improve the quality of the crop and health parameters. Ethanol extract from bee Propolis had significant effect on isolated microorganisms, so that the minimum lethal concentration of Propolis was 6 times less than sodium hypochlorite and 12 times less than calcium hypochlorite.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between creativity, conscientiousness, time motivational and attitudinal aspects and time management. For this reason 288 Mohaghegh Ardabili university undergraduate students (150 females, 138 males) were selected via cluster random sampling method. All students completed Barling, Kelloway & Cheung’s time management questionnaire (1996), Gough’s Creative personality scale (1979), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Perceived control of time scale (Claessens et al, 2004), Time style scale (Usunier & Valette – Florance, 2007), Time management behavior scale (Macan et al, 1990). The data from path analysis indicated that better time management was accompanied with higher level of creativity, conscientiousness, tenacity (persistence), perceived control of time and preference for organization (Ps<0.05). Also creativity via tenacity (persistence), perceived control of time and preference for organization affects time management (Ps<0.05) and conscientiousness via tenacity (persistence), and preference for organization affects time management (Ps<0.05).

Consider importance of time management in educational achievement، job performance and life quality، different research were conducted to indicate the per coming of time management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of conscientiousness، tenacity and preference for organization with time management. Three hundred four mohaghegh ardabili university undergraduate students (1 52 females، 148 males) were selected with cluster random sampling method. All students through descriptive- correlation research method، completed time management questionnaire (Barling، Kelloway & Cheung)، NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae)، Time style scale (Usunier & Valette - Florance)، Time management behavior scale (Macan et al). The data from causal modeling (path analysis) indicated that better time management in direct way was accompanied with higher level of conscientiousness، tenacity (persistence)، and preference for organization (Ps<0. 05). Tenacity and preference for organization also affected by conscientiousness (Ps<0. 05). Also conscientiousness via tenacity and preference for organization effects on time management indirectly (Ps<0. 01). With the change and control of conscientiousness، tenacity and prefer to organize we can improve the time management and provided success of individuals.