سلیمه رضایی

Cognitive factors play a large role in the learning process; therefore purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive simulation techniques group training on academic procrastination and academic engagement in nursing students.

The present study is a Semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group in 2019. The statistical population of the study consisted of all 384 undergraduate female nursing students of Gorgan School of Nursing and Midwifery that they had academic procrastination. Participants voluntarily responded to the academic procrastination questionnaire. The number of 30 students who had the most academic procrastination scores was selected and Simple randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The academic engagement questionnaire and academic procrastination questionnaire were used. Cognitive Simulation Techniques Training was applied to the experimental group in 8 sessions with 90 minute. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance with spss18 software.

The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of academic engagement in the pre-test of the experimental group was (51.30 ±4.11) and the control group was (50.24±4.78) and in the post-test of the experimental group was (79.24± 4.01) and the control group  (50.19. ± 4.88) was obtained. The mean and standard deviation of academic procrastination in the pre-test of the experimental group of (60.14 ±8.95) and control of 60.20 ± 8.22 and in the post-test of the experimental group of (34.28 ± 5.58) and control of (61.96 ± 6.24) was obtained. Generally results showed that cognitive simulation techniques group training has a significant effect on academic engagement and academic lagging at the level of (P <0.001).

The results of this study showed that cognitive simulation techniques group training can be effective in academic engagement and academic procrastination of nursing students. Therefore, educators in the medical education system can use this method as a facilitator in learning nursing students.

In this study، the effect of methyl methacrylate on the stability of the emulsion system and its distribution in water- toluene system، half decay time، surface tension by drip method and critical micelle concentration by conductometry method were investigated. The results showed that، the monomer in the presence of anionic surface active agent cause a decrease in critical micelle concentration. The critical micelle concentration in the mixture of water-toluene-SDS-MMA emulsion system، due to high solubility of monomer in toluene، was decreased. Meanwhile، the electric conductivity and half-decay time in the presence of monomer-surfactant was increased.

While Tunneling in Nosoud area، west of Kermanshah، plenty of water and hydrocarbon influx were encountered. The tunnel was drilled in Pabdeh formation and drilling continued، through Gurpi into the Ilam formation، where water flow containing high amount of H2S، reached maximum 300 lit/sec. The exceeding of flow and H2S contamination caused considerable drilling problems and damages. H2S seepage as a non-hydrocarbon gas is fairly common during drilling oil wells and tunneling. This occurs by several mechanisms، two of which are more significant. These are: Bacterial Sulphate Reduction (BSR) and، Thermochemical Sulphate Reduction (TSR). In order to clarify the sources of H2S and the mechanisms involved its generation in Nosoud tunnel، 22 samples of cuttings from Pabdeh، Gurpi and Ilam formations، 9 pieces of cores cut from Garu formation in the Pataq and Imam Hasan oil wells (nearest oil fields to the study area)، as well as 3 samples from groundwater flowing in the tunnel were geochemically analyzed. Chemical analyses and Rock Eval pyrolysis were performed on the water and rock samples respectively. Subsequently، 7 cutting samples and 4 core samples were selected for complementary analyses such as: organic petrography studies، chemical analyses and Biomarker studies. After chemical analyses 4 asphalten samples، which were extracted from 4 studied formations، were selected for carbon and sulfur isotopic analyses. During the field visiting and sampling for the present study، the amount of seeped water into the tunnel and emitted H2S was reduced severely. As H2S sampling of water and air from the tunnel was not possible، determination of H2S sources was performed using indirect and parallel methods. Studies and analyses on the water samples show regional ground waters containing various microorganisms and bacteria، with: low salinity، neutral pH، high ion concentrations of sulphate (SO42-) and، relative low H2S contents; have forwarded favorable environmental conditions for growing and activity of sulphate reducing bacteria. Carbon and sulphur isotopes، biomarker studies (GC، GC-MS) and chemical analyses proved that slight biodegradation and BSR have been active particularly in Gurpi and Garu formations، in the vicinity of the Nosoud tunnel. Whereas; limited evaporate minerals such as gypsum or anhydrite، the value of δ34S and δ13C، in the same lithostratigraphic units indicate that the TSR process was not significantly active in the studied area.