فهرست مطالب سمانه کشاورز

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The anxiety caused by COVID-19 is extremely critical as it causes delays in dental visits. The aim of this study was to determine dental anxiety during COVID-19.

 This descriptive study was conducted online in February 2022 using a self-designed questionnaire consisting of three sections: questions about dental anxiety, questions about fear of COVID-19, and questions about dental anxiety during COVID-19. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed among the studied subjects. The forms were filled out by all 502 patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27. The Chi-square test was used to determine the significance levels of the number of positive responses for each question. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. 

 Due to the present pandemic, this study found that patients had a great fear of visiting the dentist because they were afraid that they might contract the disease at the dentist or in a dental office. These results showed that the dentist's explanation of the dental work process was critical in reducing the fear of contracting COVID-19 from the dentist or dental team (p-value < 0.05) and may increase the number of patient visits for dental problems.

 This study illustrates that people's complaints from COVID-19 and other similar conditions are serious. We must always define how we can better serve patients and protect staff because this disease is not the first pandemic and cannot be the last.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important agent of nosocomial infections. There are several reports on the presence of disinfectants-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii developed by qacE and qacEΔ1 genes in medical centers.   The current study aimed to assess the relevant antimicrobial susceptibility and to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to disinfectants in A. baumannii isolates. In the current cross-sectional study, 141 A. baumannii were collected from hospitals in Qazvin Province, Iran. All bacterial isolates were identified using standard laboratory methods and by the presence of the blaOXA-51-like gene. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the standard Kirby- Bauer Test. Furthermore, the presence of qacE and qacEΔ1 genes was investigated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing techniques. In total, 133 (94.32%) isolates suggested a Multidrug Resistance (MDR) pattern; 84 (59%) and 24 (17%) isolates harbored qacEΔ1 and qacE genes, respectively. There was a significant association between the presence of resistance genes and MDR patterns (P=0.001). The obtained results indicated a significant rate of resistance against disinfectants in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates among the studied hospitals; thus, more attention should be paid to the infection control committees of medical centers.

Tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedure performed in dental office. Various drugs are used to accelerate wound healing in soft and bone tissues.In this study, the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel and 10% betadine gel on tooth socket healing was investigated.

This experimental study was performed on 45 male mice randomly divided into three groups of 15. Under general anesthesia, the right maxillary second molar of all of the mices were extracted. The socket of the first group was covered with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel and the second group was covered with 10% betadine gel, and the socket of third group was left empty. On the third, seventh and fourteenth days after surgery, one third of the animals were sacrificed from each group. Then the prepared slides from each group were examined.

The extent of granulation tissue on the third day after tooth extraction in the chlorhexidine group was greater than the remaining two groups.. The number of lymphocyte on the seventh day after tooth extraction in the chlorhexidine group were lower than the control group. The number of macrophage on the 14th day after tooth extraction in the chlorhexidine and betadine groups was lower than the control group. The number of fibroblasts in the chlorhexidine group on the 14th day after tooth extraction were higher than the control group. These differences were statistically significant.

According to the results of this study, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel can accelerate the process of tooth socket healing.

Toothextraction is one of the invasive treatments in dentistry and in some cases it is associated with some complicationssuch as pain, dry socket and inflammation. Given the antibacterial effects of metronidazole, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of 0.75% metronidazole gel on complications after extraction of mandibular third molar teeth.
This clinical trial was conducted on mandibular third molars of 20 male volunteers 20‒30 years of age. After extraction of two similar mandibularthird molar teeth, 0.75% metronidazole gel was placed in the extracted tooth socketon one side andno material was placed in the socket on the other side as control. The severity of pain and swelling were determined with visual analog scale and by determining the change in the distance ofthe angle of the mandible from thedental midline, respectively. Clinical examination was performed to determine the presence or absence of dry socket. Data on pain, swelling and dry socket were analyzed with SPSS (p value ≤0.05).
The severityof painafter tooth extraction exhibited a significant difference at6-and12-hour intervalsbetweenthetwo sides (p value = 0.04 and p value = 0.03). However, at24-and 48-hour intervals after toothextractionthe differences were not significant (p value = 0.09 and p value = 0.06). In relation to swelling, inthe area from the mandibular angle to the midline, no difference was observed between the two sides after 24 hours (p value = 0.05) but there was a significant difference between the two sides after 48hours (p value = 0.05). Thedifferenceindry socket incidence was not significant between the two sides (p value = 0.2).
Application of 0.75 % metronidazole gel can reduce pain and swelling after tooth extraction but it might have no effect on dry socket incidence.

Cystic lesions with odontogenic epithelial origin and similar clinicoradiographic appearance, show different clinical behaviors.
To compare some factors related to cell proliferation and escape from apoptosis in epithelium covering two groups of odontogenic cystic lesions with different clinical behaviors.
In this cross-sectional study 11 paraffin-embedded samples were selected of each lesions radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and unicystic ameloblastoma. The sample underwent immunohistochemical staining for investigating the expression of ki-67 antigen and bcl-2 protein. Data analyzed with SPSS17 software and Kruskal–Wallis and chi-square statistical tests.
Findings: Most of ki-67 positive cells were observed in parabasal layer of odontogenic keratocyst [35.50±26.29%; P=0.001]. The average of ki-67-LI was more in parabasal layer of aggressive group (26.80±37.79%) compared to non-aggressive group (4.04±3.38%), was not being statistically significant. The highest average of bcl-2-LI was 95±6.70% in basal layer of odontogenic keratocyst (P=0.001). In all layers, the average of bcl-2-LI was more in aggressive lesions compared to non-aggressive ones and the highest amount was found in basal layer (72.45±3.94×10%) which was statistically significant (P=0.001).
According to the results of this study, more expression of the markers related to escape from apoptosis in aggressive lesions group compared to non-aggressive group, suggests that escape from apoptosis had a more critical role in aggressive behavior of odontogenic cystic lesions.

Information regarding serum biochemical profile can reflect cardiovascular performance in animals. Although studies have evaluated the inter-relationship among cardiovascular biomarkers in animals and human beings, there are no reports of such a probable relationship in camelids. The aim of the present study was to provide data on the correlations among cardiovascular biomarkers in different ages of clinically healthy male dromedary camels to provide a basis for assessing cardiac muscle healthiness in this species. Thirty clinically healthy dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) were selected and divided into four age groups including 1-3 (n=7), 4-6 (n=7), 7-9 (n=8), and above 10 (n=8) years old. Blood samples were collected and sera were separated. Serum concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-myocardial specific isoenzymes (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were evaluated. The results of the present study showed that there were significant correlations among cTnI and CK-MB (r=-0.853; p=0.015) and Hcy (r=0.916; p=0.004) in the 4 to 6-years-old group of clinically healthy male dromedary camels. LDH was significantly correlated with CK-MB in the 7 to 9-year-old group (r=-0.710; p=0.045). There were no significant correlations among different factors of 1-3 and above 10-year-old groups (p>0.05). The data provided here is the first report on cardiac health assessment parameters in dromedary camels. Moreover, the data is valuable in camel racing clubs, when an overall cardiac health and fitness is to be assessed. The correlation reported here might also be helpful for easier analysis of cardiac health status in dromedary camels. The data may be useful for assessing suspected cases of myocardial diseases and its changes maybe of prognostic value.

Impacted third molar surgery can be associated with a number of complications. Different medications and mouthwashes are used to reduce the incidence of such complications. In this study the effect of a herbal drug, Nabiddaru®, on reducing some complications of impacted mandibular third molar surgery was evaluated. In this clinical trial, 30 adult patients were randomly selected. Impacted mandibular third molar was extracted by surgery on one side and the effect of Nabiddaru® on decreasing the incidence of postoperative complications was investigated. The impacted third molar on the contralateral side was extracted in the same way after a month; however, no medications were used to relieve postoperative complications. Data was analyzed by SPSS using chi-squared test, paired t-test and Fisher’s test. The pain reported by patients at 6-, 12-, 24- and 48-hour postoperative intervals in the Nabiddaru® group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p value = 0.007), (p value = 0.006), (p value = 0.05) and (p value = 0.05), respectively. Bleeding at 2-day postoperative interval in patients treated with Nabiddaru® was lower than that in the control group (p value = 0.05). Trismus at 24-hour postoperative interval in the Nabiddaru® group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p value = 0.04). Considering the results of the present study Nabiddaru® is effective in reducing pain, bleeding and trismus after impacted third molar surgery.