فهرست مطالب سمیرا رضایی

The rise in the world's elderly population is an undeniable fact that will affect developing countries like Iran, more than developed countries. In their daily lives, the elderly experience hard time adjusting to new technologies. They are afraid of new and advanced technology. Part of the problem stems from designers' failure to take into account certain physical and cognitive qualities of the elderly when designing products. The goal of this research is to make the TV remote control more user-friendly and adaptable to the demands of the elderly. The method of quality performance development in the current study has been defined by carefully examining these problems and finding the real needs of users using methods such as customer call, with the goal of providing accurate solutions to meet the users’ needs and increase their satisfaction. The current research focuses on the first type of matrix, known as the quality house matrix, which serves as the foundation for all the future researches. The wish list was achieved by compiling, classifying, and prioritizing data gathered from 15 older persons, which was translated to the quality house matrix as qualitative demands. Quality requirements are converted into technical needs in this matrix, and the results are given in the form of actual TV control design solutions. Finally, 10 older adults over the age of 65 were tested for usability, and the results were incorporated into the final design.

One of the important indicators of development and health in countries is the child mortality rate. In recent years, the child mortality rate in Iran has decreased; yet, it remains higher than other developing countries. Therefore, this study epidemiologically investigates mortality of children aged 2 - 15 years referring to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft, Iran, in 2016-2019.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. In this study, 84 cases were reviewed. A researcher referred to the archives of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft, extracted the information of all deceased patients, and entered them in the checklists, and patients whose files were incomplete were excluded from the study. Lastly, the information was analyzed using SPSS 22 software and descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test).

The mean age of the studied children was 7.4 ± 4.8 years. Minimum age was 2 and maximum age was 15 years. The most common causes of death in children were: unintentional accidents with 50 cases (59.5%), non-congenital diseases with 17 cases (20.2%), congenital diseases with 14 cases (16.7%), and, finally, intentional incidents with 3 patients (3.6%). Also, 56 (66.7%) of the children lived in rural areas and 28 children (33.3%) lived in urban regions.

The results illustrated that the most common cause of death among children referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft was unintentional accidents, which is preventable and can be reduced to some extent. Therefore, designing interventions and educating parents and children about the prevention of accidents and raising the awareness of parents about the signs and symptoms of diseases seem necessary for reducing child mortality. In addition, measures should be taken to prevent child mortality through cooperation of all relevant organizations.

Iran cultural and historical background as va luable heritages should be preserved by all Iranians. This responsibility should be educated from childhood as a significant duty to all people. Children as next years’ narrators need to be more familiar with ancestors and their originality. Thus, familiarize them with precious cultural heritage, through in depth communication establishment between children and history, is an important step towards creating aware generation to recognize and preserve the heritage. This article tries to achieve the cultural heritage definition via descriptive-analysis approach and investigate the role of children in precious heritage preservation through effective educative ways. According to the research nature, data collection is fulfilled through library documents, questionnaires and interviews by qualitative research method with purposive sampling. The results show that cultural heritage are ancestors’ achievements that creates community identityand children have a greater share in society to establish th e preservation culture of heritage, because they are futureInheritors.

Todays based on limited Water Resources, growth of population and industrial development has caused to be taken on the optimal use of groundwater resources. On the other hand, construction of underground dam does not need to surface water storage, land use and ecosystems changing. By using groundwater model, the fluctuation of groundwater levels in aquifer is simulated and predicted against various conditions such as underground dam. This study is to investigation of the future status of the Eyvanki aquifer and its reaction against various management scenarios were used by FEFLOW software. Moreover, for aquifers with limited area, finite element method could be more effective because of considering small grid size. Actually, the grid size of network in finite element method shape on as small triangle, so groundwater flow would be simulated with more details in each cell. In this study, to investigation of the subsurface dams effects on the hydrodynamic behavior of the aquifer as a main scenario, define three management scenarios and their effects were studied along with the implementation of an underground dam. Auxiliary scenarios involves perform artificial feeding; reduced utilization was 10% and 20%. The results showed that the construction of an underground barrier along with 20 percent reduction utilization, on average about 2/53 meters to the aquifer water are added. In addition, the result of this study would proposed that in aquifers faced with decreasing groundwater level specially in arid or semiarid regions, construction of underground dam is more effective solution to avoid owing to an ongoing.

The health system needs nursing managers with moral reasoning ability to increase the quality of care in the system by adopting an effective leadership style. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral reasoning ability and leadership style of nursing managers of medical centers affiliated to Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. The present study was a descriptive- correlation cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. The population of study was all employed nursing managers, among whom 124 participants with a bachelorchr('39')s degree in nursing and higher were included in the study by census sampling method. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, “Cherisham moral reasoning” and “Hershey and Blanchard leadership style”. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software version 19 were used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the mean score of moral reasoning of nursing managers is (48.10 ±7.04) which is higher than the mean score of the test. Also, the dominant leadership style of managers was selling leadership style 59.68%. The highest average of ethical reasoning of nursing managers was related to participating leadership style (48.44±7.35). There was no significant relationship between moral reasoning ability and leadership style of nursing managers (P >0.05). According to the results of the study, it is recommended to strengthen nursing managers chr('39')efforts to strengthen transformational leadership styles in their managerial behaviors in order to improve leadership effectiveness and increase nurseschr('39') job satisfaction and observe ethical decision making.

The present study aims to compare the difficulties of emotional regulation and distress between substance abusers and normal individuals. The research method was causal-comparative. The population included all people who self-referred to addiction treatment centers in Aradan city in the winter of 1395/2017. The statistical population of the normal individuals was relatives of substance abusers. A total number of 120 individuals (60 normal people and 60 substance abusers) were selected through a convenient sampling method. The Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress questionnaires (DAS) were used in this study. The result of the study showed that there were significant differences between the components of emotional regulation difficulties (except for the lack of excitement awareness), stress, anxiety, and depression in the group of substance abuser and the normal individual group. In addition, substance abusers had higher scores in the difficulties of emotional regulation questionnaire. Substance abusers also had higher scores in three components: stress, anxiety, and depression. Overall, the results showed that substance abusers have problems in regulating emotions and suffer from anxiety, stress and depression. Therefore, these issues have to be considered by therapists.

Introduction and Physical inactivity in the elderly is an important risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Aerobics, ware aerobic exercise, and water-based exercise training on working memory of elderly women diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
 This was a quasi-experimental study with three groups' pre-test post-test design. The participants, 30 elderly women diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, with the mean age of 64 years were randomly assigned into three groups (aerobic, water aerobic exercise, and water-based exercise training). The training protocol consisted of 18 sessions, and each session lasted 45 minutes. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) was used to measure the memory and the N-Back software was used to assess the working memory of the study participants. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version22. Two-way repeated measurement ANOVA (3 group × 2 times) and paired sample t-test were used to analyze the data.
 After the training, participants in all groups had better working memory status. However, the participants in the water aerobic exercise group showed greater improvement in working memory compares to other groups. There were significant differences between the three groups in the three subscales of visual memory, associated learning, and memory span. 
 The result of this study indicated that water aerobic exercise can effectively improve the cognitive function of elderly women diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. The study findings could be useful guidelines for enhancing the cognitive function of elderly patients.

Retrograde of menstrual blood into the peritoneal cavity is one of the accepted theories for initiation of endometriosis although indicated that other factors are involved in pathogenesis. Investigation of infectious agents is important in this regard.
To investigate the presence of bacterial infections; Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma Hominis as risk factors in endometriosis lesions.
This case-control study was conducted in Sarem Hospital in 2014. DNA was extracted from 90 paraffin-embedded blocks included 40 endometriosis tissue samples, 23 samples of endometrial tissue from the same patients and 27 samples of endometrial tissue of the patients without endometriosis, and molecular analysis were performed using polymerase chain reaction. Results were analyzed by Fisher Exact Test and McNemar Test.
Findings: Chlamydia trachomatis infection was seen in 11 (27.5%) endometriosis tissue, 3 (13%) normal tissue from patients and 10 (37%) in patient without endometriosis. Mycoplasma hominis was diagnosed in 11 (27.5%) endometriosis tissue, 7 (30.4%) of normal tissue from patients and one patient without endometriosis (3.7%). These differences show significant relations between infection with Mycoplasma hominis and endometriosis.
The findings of this study did not show significant association between Chlamydia trachomatis infections and endometriosis. However; it seems Mycoplasma hominis infection can increase the risk of endometriosis incidence.

Different regulation processes have an effect on osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and among them Wnt signaling pathway is particularly desirable. In Wnt signaling pathway, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) bind to β-catenin and induce its degradation, thereby acting as a negative regulator of canonical Wnt pathway. In this study, gene expression and DNA methylation of APC gene during osteoblastic differentiation were determined.

In this experimental study, after the isolation of MSCs, the induction of osteoblastic differentiation was done. To confirm osteoblastic differentiation, alizarin red staining together with the expression of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin as specific osteoblastic markers was performed. APC gene methylation status by MSP (Methylation Specific PCR) and gene expression status of APC gene using Real-Time PCR technique during different times were evaluated.

The results of alizarin red staining and the expression of ALP and osteocalcin confirmed osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, the results showed a significant decrease in the expression of APC gene on the 7th day of osteoblastic differentiation (P

It seems that the decreased expression APC gene will play an important role in Wnt signaling pathway regulation in different stages during osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSC. Also, according to the results, APC gene promoter methylation will play an important role in controlling gene expression.

Excessive growth of the population will increase waste production leading to the pollution of groundwater and groundwater, negative effects on the landscape and ecologists of the region, environment pollution and great charges on the community. Finding a suitable location for waste sanitary landfill is regarded as one of the best ways to reduce damages. Geomorphology, which intuitively studies the evolution of ground-level effects, can play an important role in landfill location. In this research, it was tried to focus on geomorphologic criteria and effective measures to optimize the location of landfills in West Islamabad, located in Kermanshah. In this research, various criteria such as slope, slope direction, elevation classes, geology, soil, distances from the communication network, distance from the river, land use, distance from rural residential areas, distance from urban areas and rainfall distribution have been evaluated. The required information is provided through topographic maps 1: 50000 and geological maps of 1: 100000 mapping and field studies. After preparing geomorphologic map and creating appropriate layers for GIS, four locations were fitted in the northeast and northwest of Islamabad for the sanitary landfill of garbage.