فهرست مطالب سمیه قویدل

The aerospace industry and technology are always considered one of the most important and valuable industries due to their special and unique features and applications. The field of aerospace research is a priority in the grand strategies of science and technology development, and it is essential to focus on it. Aerospace researchers and experts play critical roles in advancing aerospace science and industry. They are responsible for conducting scientific and industrial activities as well as research. Evaluating the research performance and quality of aerospace researchers at the international level is crucial. The current research aims to study scientometrics and analyze the centrality metrics of the co-authorship network of aerospace researchers at the international level. This will be done using data available on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC).

The research conducted is of an applied nature, employing an analytical approach. In this article, the technique of network analysis has been employed to visualize the network of co-authorship at both the micro and macro levels. This includes analyzing the social network of co-authorship among researchers and their organizations, as well as examining centrality indicators and conducting network analysis of researchers' research topics. The current research community includes all aerospace researchers, with 153,994 records indexed on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 1945 to 2021. There are 161,156 aerospace researchers, of which 6,706 were anonymous and were excluded from the research population. Therefore, 154,450 researchers were included in the study. Data Lab was used to accurately extract data for aerospace researchers. Ravar PreMap was also used to standardize data and prepare a square matrix for researchers. The symmetric correlation matrix of researchers (AU) was obtained using Bibexcel and Netdraw. Then, the required centralities were calculated. Co-authorship maps were also created using NetDraw. Co-authorship network analysis technique was used for data analysis. A 157×157 matrix was considered to identify keywords that appeared with a frequency of 70 or more. This matrix was used to create a network of commonly researched topics among researchers. VOSviewer version 1.6.18 was used to visualize co-authorship networks.

The density of the co-authorship network among aerospace researchers is low, and the network exhibits low cohesion. In the current research, five clusters of collaboration were identified, with the center consisting of prominent researchers in the field of aerospace. "David A. Fulghum" of the Maritime Center in America published 863 articles in the field of aerospace between 1983 and 2003. "Florian Menter" from Ensys Germany has the highest number of citations (excluding self-citations) for published articles in the aerospace field. Out of 87,778 keywords identified in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSC C) in aerospace, 9712 were associated with Florian Menter. Additionally, a map was prepared using 157 keywords that had a frequency of 70 or more. The co-word clusters of the aerospace network consist of seven topic clusters, 157 nodes, 2679 edges, and have a density of 0.11. The first cluster was a hot topic discussed in the aerospace industry, and the most frequently mentioned topic, "Aircraft," is associated with cluster 3. The most prominent topics are aerodynamics, flight control, and vibrations. The most significant scientific collaboration of aerospace researchers is between Giovanni Mengali and Alessandro A. Quarta from the University of Pisa, Italy. The most scientific advancements in aerospace research have been published in the fields of aerodynamics, flight mechanics, control, and vibrations. After the United States, China had the most scholarly communications with other countries.

Developing science policy and advancing strategic plans and programs for aerospace research require comprehensive and accurate information about researchers' potential scientific and technical abilities. The involvement of prominent aerospace researchers in communication and scientific collaborations has resulted in the establishment of significant international partnerships in the aerospace industry. In order to effectively participate in robust and cohesive scientific collaboration networks, it is necessary to enhance communication among researchers, research centers, and countries, and leverage their synergistic capabilities. The present research results are utilized in the science, technology, and innovation policies of the aerospace industry. It is also used in the planning and direction of applied research, as well as in the application of research conducted by aerospace scientific associations, universities, research institutes, and aerospace industry organizations. Additionally, the results obtained from this research can be used to expand international cooperation among aerospace researchers. Another application of the results presented in this article is the optimal utilization of experts and meticulous planning for the establishment and growth of specialized clusters of aerospace researchers. Prominent aerospace researchers have facilitated the establishment of scientific collaborations and significant partnerships at the international level. Nevertheless, in order to establish stronger and more cohesive scientific collaboration networks, it is essential to prioritize the exploration of potential connections among researchers, research centers, universities, and countries, as well as their synergistic capabilities.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of the monetary policy research outputs with a look at OMO, to understand the evolution of the scientific structure and better planning and policy-making for the future. The study is an applied descriptive study performed with Scientometrics techniques by quantitative content analysis on scientific outputs indexed in WOS in the field of Monetary Policy and OMO between 1981 to 2020. During the Four decades, the growth trend of scientific productions in the studied area has been upward. The "Federal Reserve System" is the most active institution, and "USA" and "England" are the most active countries. The most common topics in all decades are "Monetary Policy" and "Inflation", and in the last three decades, are "exchange rate", "interest rate", "inflation targeting", "central bank", "optimal monetary policy", "Business cycle" and "fiscal policy", while little attention has been paid to tools of monetary policy, such as OMO. Scientometrics provided a clear picture of the course of study and identification of research topics in the field of monetary policy and OMO as well as the impact of economic events on the research process. In the field of OMO, there is a gap between research and the policy of the central banks. Decision-makers should pay attention to research on monetary policy and its tools.

Brucellosis zoonotic infectious disease is caused by the dangerous bacterium Brucella and is one of the common infections in many countries of the world. In addition to pathogenic, clinical and clinical cases, Brucella as a dangerous bacterium can be considered a potential biological weapon and weapon in Biowarfare and Passive Defense. Therefore, brucellosis, as a serious threat to public health, health and human life, is always under special attention. Its emergence and re-emergence can be considered a serious threat to public health and human health. The purpose of the current research is to study the productivity and efficiency of Brucella and Brucellosis researchers in their scientific collaboration network.

The present research is considered to be a type of scientometric applied research, which uses the co-authorship analysis technique as well as the social network analysis method to study the productivity and efficiency of researchers in a 100-year period with centrality index methods, examining the co-authorship and co-citation network based on the documents indexed in the database. Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) has been done. In this research, keywords were selected from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 2020 and Bibexcel, Net draw, UCINET 6.528.0.0, VOSVIEWER, SPSS 16, Ravar PreMap and Excell software were used.

A researcher like "Cloeckaert, A.," was the most productive (most productive) and most efficient (most cited) researcher in the field of Brucella and Brucellosis and had the highest rank in degree centrality. Also, there is a significant relationship between the centrality scores (degree centrality and betweenness) of researchers and the level of productivity (number of articles) and the level of efficiency (number of citations) of researchers. The existence of a significant relationship between productivity and intermediate indicators, which shows the social influence of individuals, also indicates that researchers who have a high intermediate index have a mediating position in the information flow of the co-authorship network in the territory of Brucella and Brucellosis, as a result, more articles are also Interaction with other writers will produce. On the other hand, no significant relationship was observed between the closeness centrality score and researchers' productivity. In the present study, "Cloeckaert, A.**Zygmunt, M.S.," the best co-author couple were identified, who had scientific and expert cooperation with each other in the field of Brucella and Brucellosis with 63 contributions. As a result, the most participating researchers in the field of Brucella and Brucellosis are in WOSCC (1920-2020), which shows the superiority of these two authors in the mentioned research field. Examining the components of the researchers' co-authorship network shows that this network, like many other social networks, consists of one main component and 3 small components. The results related to the density of the co-authorship network show that in this period only 0.086 of the total possible and potential relationships have been actualized in this network, the tendency of the researchers to form different clusters through co-authorship was low. The citations received by researchers had a positive relationship with the amount of publications of their articles. The higher centrality score of researchers has a high impact on their position in the co-authorship social network. According to centrality indices, "Cloeckaert, A." and "Kim, S." have the highest degree centrality. These people have played an active role in the co-authorship network of the studied area and have co-authored more than other researchers. "Letesson, J.J." and "Cloeckaert, A.," have the highest closeness centrality. This means that their placement in the center of proximity and having the shortest distance with other researchers in a network is of strategic importance for that researcher, and this proximity to other authors will allow him to access all the researchers in the network faster than any other author. "O'Callaghan, D." and "Jiang, H." have the highest betweenness centrality, so they have a favorable and powerful position in the co-authorship network in the investigated area and influence the research process and activities in this area. A total of 145 authors with a minimum number of 20 articles have had scientific participation at a favorable level.

The main existential philosophy of scientometrics is to help scientific policy making. In this regard, many techniques and methods for quantitative and qualitative monitoring and evaluation of various scientific and specialized fields have always been introduced in various fields of study. On the other hand, the presence of researchers in the field of scientific publications is considered one of the ways to strengthen the scientific capital of the country for the purpose of sustainable scientific development, so the application of the results of the present research will provide an objective and real insight to specialists and planners in determining implementation strategies in the field of health and Health and policy making in medical science organizations.

 Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is considered one of the most serious health threats worldwide. Several researchers have attempted to study and report this issue to find a solution. In this regard, the observation and monitoring of topic and conceptual priorities are thus crucial. This study aimed to identify and formulate the relationship among topic research priorities of A. baumannii to accurately understand the intellectual structure concerning A. baumannii.

 This scientometric study is quantitative and applied, conducted by using the co-word analysis technique. A total of 10,898 records indexed at the WOSCC were retrieved and analyzed during 2002-2021, and 102 keywords out of 12,060 keywords were selected for analysis. Following the vocabulary homogenization process, the threshold was determined, and UCINET 6.528.0.0 2017, NetDraw (2017), VOSviewer 1.6.14, and SPSS-16 software were used to analyze and preprocess the data and visualize the maps.

The keyword 'Multidrug Resistance (MDR)' was in first place among the most frequent keywords of A. baumannii articles. The main concepts of the documents published regarding A. baumannii were obtained using the hierarchical clustering with the Ward method (6 topic clusters). The largest cluster had 27 keywords and 680 links with a centrality of 25,185 and a density of 0.969. The distribution of clusters in the strategic diagram indicated that topic clusters were located in quadrants 1 and 3, including mature and central topics and emerging or marginal topics, respectively.

Identifying and monitoring significant topics and conceptual priorities of the A. baumannii area with scientometric techniques is an appropriate tool for determining the intellectual structure of the A. baumannii area, leading optimal and efficient decisions in officials' research financial policy.

 Influenza is a global epidemic disease that always causes irreparable damage to individuals and countrieschr('39') health, and the amount of research in this area is increasing. The primary purpose this study is to discover the hidden patterns and emerging events of global influenza publications.

 This article is an applied type was done with an analytical approach and using the Co-word analysis method. This researchchr('39')s statistical population includes all the keywords of documents indexed with influenzachr('39')s subject in the WOSCC in the last two decades. The number of keywords studied in this article is 26767. MeSH was used to determine the search strategy for document retrieval.

 The keywords "Avian Influenza" and "Influenza Vaccine" with a frequency of 1302 and 1264 were the most frequent keywords in the subject area of influenza. Findings related to the analysis of clusters by the hierarchical clustering method created 21 clusters in the field of influenza. Seventeen clusters with the most keywords were the largest cluster. The strategic diagram indicated that most influenza subject area clusters are located in the third quadrant of the strategic diagram and are considered emerging or declining subjects.

 Discovering the intellectual structure, presenting hidden patterns and emerging events of global publications in the field of influenza infections can help governments, communities, and research centers in understanding research advances, optimizing and managing future research topics, and effectively monitoring and policy-making activities-new research and allocation of facilities and budget.

Brucellosis, as the most important and most common disease between humans and animals  (Zoonosis), in the field of emergence and recurrence of infectious diseases, has many damages and dangers. The control and eradication of the Brucellosis has always been considered by experts and articles and books have been published in the form of scientific collaborations. The study was to investigate the status of the "Co-authorship Social Network Centrality" in Brucellosis.

This research is applied research that was performed using scientometric methods with an analytical approach. All Brucellosis publications indexed on the WOSCC from 1901 to 2020 cover this article's statistical population. MeSH was used to identify keywords were used to analyze the data. Excel 2016, UCINET 6.528.0.0 and Netdraw software were used to analyze the data.

The publication trend of Bursellose territory was upward and the highest in 2019 with 398 articles. The "Journal of Clinical Microbiology" and "Blasco, Jose-Maria" were the most influential journals  and authors Impact Factor and h-index. "FERREIRA, F," "LETESSON, JJ" is in the first rank of the Degree of centrality and betweenness centrality of the Brucellosi, respectively. Five authors had the same centrality of closeness and the same chance in all citations.

Scientific collaboration is a complex phenomenon that improves the sharing of capabilities and new scientific knowledge. Examining coauthored social networks' characteristics could provide valuable information about the essential and influential author in the brucellosis network. Study of Social networking indicators coauthors could provide valuable information about important and influential people in the Brucellosis network. The results of the above analysis are a guide for experts and scientific centers in decision-making and policy-making of scientific collaborations and budget allocation.

The performance and collaboration of universities could be measured through scientific publications and scientometrics indicators. The purpose is to describe state of scientific publications at Kharazmi University and determine the important players of the Co-authorship networks at this University in three levels: Researchers, organizations and countries - in the web of science from 1994 to 2020.

This is a scientometrics study. Kharazmi University’s’ 4734 records from Web of Science  both text and Excel format had been extracted. Data visualization was performed using VOSviewer and the GunnMap.

Results showed that Kharazmi University publications have received an average of 10.68 citations with H-index of 75. The five first subject areas are engineering, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computer science.  For scientific co-authorship among Iranian organizations, Islamic Azad, Tehran, Tarbiat Modares Universities; among foreign organizations, Putra University, Malaysia, California and Montreal; Among countries, United States, Canada and the United Kingdom are ranked first to third. Vatanpour, Majlesara Jahromi, and Divsalar are the top three researcher. Vatanpour is most effective researcher quantitatively and qualitatively. Fields of chemistry (organic and polymer / decomposition and application), biology, industrial engineering and engineering make main authors' of co-authorship network. Main players in the organization network are Iranian organizations, and more in Tehran. Although Kharazmi University cooperation with other countries is not acceptable, but the drawing of the co-authorship network of countries shows that cooperation is developing at the international level. Also, scientific co-authorship with Iranian organizations, especially foreign organizations, has increased the citation of Kharazmi University publication.

Kharazmi University publications had been growing significantly on the web of science database in recent years in term of quantity and quality. More scientific teamwork is suggested for Kharazmi University at the international level. Also, publication of topmost thesis and dissertations on the Web of Science should be considered.

Infographics are considered a powerful communication and information medium in human-information interaction as well as in successful transmission of messages. The aim of the present study is to arrive at a model or framework based on the content of infographics published about reading, to discover and identify their content and also to introduce the capabilities and attractiveness of infographics as an interactive medium. It seeks to examine for whom and for what purpose these media are published, what their content is and what effects the reading infographics have on the target audience.

The present study is a qualitative one in which the qualitative content analysis method was used. The study population consists of 30 reading infographics published on the Pinterest website. All infographics were transferred to MAXQDA2020 software and then the content coding of each infographic began. These codes were then analyzed and modeled. Using the visualization package of the above-mentioned software and drawing the word cloud, various theoretical models of the generated codes as well as hierarchical ones were built to form the table of components and categories. Finally, the target audience, content and role of the infographics in promoting reading were identified.

Various models and frameworks can be built based on the research findings. The first model is the target audience model, in the sense that the audience of these media were primarily parents. Since the aim of these infographics is to promote reading among children, they have targeted parents as their audience. The second model can be drawn according to the content of the infographics. The content of these infographics is very diverse and a variety of models can be built according to it. Reading benefits, reasons to read, boyschr('39') reading habits, reading strategies for the children, fast reading strategies, reading levels, reading in the new age, the strategy of reading aloud books to encourage a child to read, ways to encourage reading, benefits of reading for the pleasure, promoting and encouraging reading among children and adolescents, reading benefits for the brain, and the importance of and reasons for reading and reading aloud books were among the most important topics addressed by these infographics. The third model is built on the role and influence of the infographics. The role of these media can be categorized as: informative, directive, notifying, promoting and propagandistic.

The findings indicated that the infographics published in the field of reading are replete with rich and useful information providing guidance to parents in encouraging children to read. Furthermore, the present study was the first to examine the content of infographics as emerging and influential media in Iran and abroad. It focused on the subject of infographics from the perspective of the communication sciences (Harold Lasswellchr('39')s model). Using the present research approach, one is able to carry out various studies in different fields as well as to analyze infographics with other topics by using the content analysis method and other communication models.

Information Architecture is an organizational meta-method that adopts a tactical approach to the specialized information of the organization using an integrated framework and empowers the management of organizational resources by acquiring and upgrading new information technologies. Therefore, it is essential to be part of the current processes of the organization and the insurance industry.

Mixed research method is applied, in which  evaluation,   observation and researcher experience, checklist, and analytical review of the website is analyzed.   Population is the Central Insurance of the Islamic Republic of Iran website, in which the four components of Information Architecture including organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems are examined based on context, content and user.

Conferring the research findings, the checklist score of the Insurance website for organization system is 17 points. Furthermore, the rates of positive answers to the total number of questions are 45.94%, 54.38%, 53.84% and 45.65% for organization, labeling, navigation, and search systems respectively. The results indicate that the Insurance website has a moderate to weak position from the organization and search point of view and has a moderate position in the labeling and navigation system.

Information Architecture provides the foundation of the information systems architecture from the underlying level to the interface level for the improvement and excellence of the organization. The checklist used in this research can be useful for evaluating organizational websites and provide added value to the organization, and also can improve the planning and strategic decisions of organizationchr('39')s policy makers.

  The purpose of this article is to evaluate the status of articles in the field of Spinal Muscular Atrophy According to the Scientometrics indices Word co-occurrence map of this field .

 The present study is an applied one with a quantitative approach and a descriptive approach. It has been done using scientometrics and the co-occurrence words analysis technique. Documentary or library studies have been used in order to get acquainted with the history of the subject and the theoretical foundations of the research. In this study, all scientific productions in the field of spinal muscular atrophy disease, which is 4137 documents, were studied in Web of Science database (1946- 2018).

 Ten clusters were formed in SMA Field, cluster number one with thirty-eight members being the largest cluster in this Field. Most of the studied concentrations in the field of spinal muscular atrophy were respectively SURVIVAL MOTOR NEURON (SMN) »، « AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) »، « MOTOR NEURON DISEASE (MND) »، MOTOR NEURONS« (MNS)», SMN1« . Also, the small circles of » LOWER MOTOR NEURON DISEASE» ،«GENE EXPRESSION»،«EXONIC SPLICING ENHANCER« on the co-occurring map show the scarcity of scientific evidence in these areas.

 Such a study in the field of spinal muscular atrophy can play an important role in future policy-making in this field and highlight research gaps and hot topics.

 Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common challenging pathogens in causing serious infections in intensive care units of modern hospital systems around the world and poses a serious threat to public and patient health. This study aims to analyze the network of scientific and empirical collaborations of A. baumanniii researchers in the last three decades.

 The present study was performed using the Co-citation analysis technique. All A. baumannii publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection for the period 1990-2019 are the statistical population of the study. After an advanced search, 4473 documents were retrieved. A total of 18343 authors contributed to the publication of the retrieved documents. Ravar PreMap 1.0.0.0, NetDraw, and UCINET 6.528.0.0 software were utilized for data analysis.

 Data analysis showed that the global publication of A. baumannii has risen. "Clinical Infectious Diseases," was the best journal, and "Seifert, Harald," the most influential researcher, and "Seifert, Harald * Higgins, Paul G," were identified as the best co-citation pair. Top researchers in A. baumannii were "Beceiro," "Alejandro," "HSU Li Yang," and "Seifert, Harald," respectively, based on degree, betweenness and closeness centrality indicators.

Analysis of social networks A. baumanniii presents an objective and realistic view to experts and planners. Also, the structure of A. baumannii's internal relationships and researchers' connections is determined objectively. Finally, researchers get acquainted with journals, scientists and organizations that are proliferated and effective and plan to collaborate with them in the future

Co-word analysis is used to identify the intellectual structure governing the research field and uncover the research aspects. The main purpose of this study is to visualize the human papillomavirus (HPV) conceptual network.

The 17278 keywords extracted from the 13249 articles on the HPV indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from 2014-2018 constituted the study samples. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) was used to identify the keywords to determine the search strategy.

126 repeated keywords with high frequency were identified, the most frequent of which was cervical cancer. Hierarchical clustering of findings led the researchers to 14 subject clusters, the biggest of which being HPV symptoms and disease with 30 keywords. In order to gain a more comprehensive insight into the structure of the studied subjects, the twodimensional mapping method was used. The two most common co-word keywords were selected from each cluster.

As suitable tool for identifying the most relevant subjects and concepts, co-word occurrence analysis could discover the intellectual structure of the HPV research field. Regarding the frequency of clu

 Scientometrics studies are one of the most efficient methods of quantitative evaluation of the scientific outputs of valuable information and citation databases for understanding and observing the status of scientific publications in different subject areas. The main aim of this article was to study the 50 years of Coronavirus scientific publications in the world.

  This applied research was carried out using scientometrics methods and an analytical approach. The statistical population of this article includes 5128 Coronavirus subject area documents indexed on the WoS from 1970 to 2019. The keywords were extracted from MeSH and analyzed using Excel 2016.

  Data analysis showed that the highest science production was in 2005, and the highest citation number was in 2019. “Enjuanes L.” is the most proliferated author, the United States, the most productive country, and the University of Hong Kong, the top organization in Coronavirus in the last half-century.

  The results showed, there is a direct relationship between the Coronavirus outbreaks and the amount of Scientific Publications in this area in the World. The quality of the researchers' productions in this area can be deliberated by scientific methods and researchers' self-citation has affected their h-index. For health care researchers, policymakers, and planners, it is necessary to be aware of the results of scientific studies of strategic and vital research areas, such as Coronavirus, to identify more appropriate therapeutic goals, make better decisions, and provide more effective solutions in the shortest time.

studying scientific outputs by using scientific indices is a useful tool for understanding scientific research. The purpose of this study is to visualize the international research outputs of the SMA subject Area.

This study is an applied one with an analytical approach and using scientometric indices. The population present in this study includes 4217 WOS records all in the SMA area from 1946 until the end of 2018. The MeSH have been used to identify keywords and Ravar PreMap software for words’ homogenization, VOSviewer, HistCite, and Excel used also.

Ninety-one countries involved in scientific production outputs of this subject area, were among the most influential countries in scientific collaboration. The USA has most of its collaborations with other countries. Of the 946 essential journals identified, HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS SMA has got the highest number of citations. Articles in SMA Subject Area with the total number of 6097 keywords have got the 1st rank, of which the “Spinal Muscular Atrophy” has got the highest frequency and the core subject among the nine influential countries. The total number of articles in this area is 8505. Worthy of mentioning, Iran with 58% of the total scientific output ranked nine on the list.

The upward trend of SMA scientific research trend indicates the increasing importance of this area in the world. Due to the the international growth of research in this area and the importance of the participation of international research, researchers in our country should pay more attention to scientific cooperation.

Co-word analysis, based on Co-occurrence, as one of the important techniques of Scientometrics and bibliometrics, enables the analysis of the content of scientific documents of the specific Research Area. The purpose of the present study is visualize HPV clusters relationships and thematic trends in the world.

The research type is an applied one with analytical approach and it has been done using co-word analysis. The population of this study consists of articles’ keywords indexed during 2014-2018 in the Web of Science (WoS) in HPV subject area. The total numbers of the retrieved and analyzed keywords in this study were 13249. Some software like SPSS, UCINET and VOSViewer were used for data integration and analysis.

The findings showed that the keyword “CERVICAL CANCER” have had the highest frequency and with “CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA” and they were co-word couples. The results of the strategic diagram showed that the most clusters in HPV placed in third area of strategic diagram, it means these subjects (clusters) were emerging or declining.

Co-word analysis is suitable method for discover and visualize different sciences and their prominent patterns, hidden relationships and thematic trends research’ subject areas. The results of these analysis and findings of such researches will help research policy makers

the aim of this study is to review familiarity and Usage of Iranian Users of National and International Search Engines (General and Specialty).
this is a descriptive survey and is aimed at addressing the descriptive and deductive questions. The statistical population includes A.A. to Ph.D. students from different courses of study. Data was gathered based on researcher constructed list and data analysis was performed through E-questionnaire.
Findings: The findings of this study revealed that more than two thirds of Iranian users had no familiarity with Iranian search engines. Iranian users’ familiarity internationally known search engines was based on a different spectrum that means Iranian users utilize international search engines more than that of domestic ones. Iranian users’ familiarity internationally known search engines was based on a different spectrum that means Iranian users utilize international search engines more than that of domestic ones.

This Making use of training programs such as "positive thinking" and"increasing positive automatic thought" could be an important part of an overallcontinuous program to improve employee's efficiency in libraries as well asinformation centers. In this research, positive thinking skills are examined amongthe librarians working in the central university libraries affiliated to Iran’s Ministryof Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) in city of Tehran. The population of this research included 218 employees librarians who worked in 13 central libraries of universities affiliated to MSRT in Tehran city, regardless oftheir academic backgrounds. Because of the large number of the populationmembers, the research used the random stratified sampling and random digits tableto select 144 librarian as the sample. We used Ingram's and Wisnicki's 5-factorquestionnaire with 30 items as the data gathering tool. The research method isdescriptive field experiment. Initially, data gathered and classified using descriptivestatistical methods. The analysis was performed using inferential statistical methodsand Microsoft Excel and SPSS as software tools,. In addition, factor analysis methodas well as regression were applied to examine the research hypothesis. Results show that the average of response values to the first question was 37/3, 83/3, 96/3, 94/3, 55/3 for positive daily function, positive self-evaluation, othersevaluation of self, positive future expectations and self-confidence respectively. Thetendency in the responses was towards the option of "often" and "always". Since theparametric average test shows that statistics of the test has a degree of freedom as143 and significance level of 0.00 and the significance level of non-parametricbinominal test, which is 0/00, it was found that the tendency of respondents istoward "often" and "always". Therefore, the research hypothesis is verified.