فهرست مطالب سهراب احمدی

Mohsen Vaziri Moghadam is one of the most prominent designers, sculptors and painters of modern Iranian art. The main characteristic of his art is emphasizing the process of creating the work, paying attention to the plane of expression and the plane of content. For him, the process of producing the work is more important than the object and the artwork. In his moving sculptures, we see that the spectator can interfere in the processing of new forms. The spectator or the next interlocutor can also destroy the previous form and product a new form. In his voluminous works, we are faced with the dynamics and tight involvement of the enunciator. An intervention that itself is one of the factors of changing form and creating meaning. We will try to show the enunciation and the creating meaning in this process. If we suppose the creator as a subject in process and consider him as the enunciator, we can say that by creating the work, the enunciator always gives his place to an enunciator who becomes an enunciator and this process can continue. The essential enunciator creates meaning that is in the process and invites other enunciators to participate in the process of meaning. This meaning is different and complementary through the narrative that everyone creates by creating movement in the volumes. The purpose of this article is to show how interactive art affects the values of each spectator and convinces him to participate in the process of creating the artwork.

One of the Figures of Speech is exaggeration that in the most rhetorical Arabic and Persian books, extremes in describing someone or something is defined.provides clarity use first Persian Rhetoric scholars of rhetorical Arabic at Bring up theoretical issues, course of comparative and historical context the Figures of Speech in the Arabic and Persian rhetoric.Do This Research the historical evolution of exaggeration in the Arabic and Persian rhetoricfrom the creation of this arrayuntil the completion ofits division and Present clear Vision from Genesis of theoretical and dividing it into three rank Bombast, exaggeration and hyperbole, Definitions, names and different classifications of this array.It also shows what developments and progress has passed During Its history. How and from whom Persian and Arabic rhetoric scholars are affected in definition and analysis and divided to what groups? On what principles is it based the point of view of rhetoric esthetics of array? What is the importance and position of this array in their eyes?

We propose a full optical method for gas sensing by few-layer MoS2 nanosheetsobtained by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE). Our samples are fully characterized bytransmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy, and Xraydiffraction (XRD). Further characterization and evaluation of gas sensingapplication, had been done by implementing ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis).For CO2 gas which acts as a donor to our sample (based on the evaluation method thatused in this work), we calculate the response in the visible region equal to 15% whilein longer wavelengths (near-infrared) the response clearly decreased. Our experimentsshow that using 2D transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials for Gassensing applications may open a new horizon for using this kind of 2D material invarious types of optical sensors.

Forough Farrokhzad, Persian contemporary poet, was born and grown up in a society where the female poets were less rebellious against the values, the values which were rooted in the cultural background and beliefs of Iranians. In 20th and early 30th , Forough decided to escape the contracts and norms. Her first reactions were rebellious. The demand for emancipation in her first three poems, "captive", "wall" and "rebellion" represents this issue against the beloved and the values of the male-dominated society. In the "Other Birth", she criticized the patriarchal domination of society and began to explicit all the dominant values of society. In most of her poems, the poet wants to leave everything that she throws at her and always sees the obstacle to this emancipation; this barrier can be man, law, society, or human. But in the "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season," she rather criticizes the modern Man. In her latest work, the poet portrays the themes such as rebellion and emancipation in abstract and in some cases multi-dimensional manner. Specially in the poem " Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season", which is also the title of the collection, the poet expresses her desire to rebel and then to liberation in various ways.
Therefore, it can be said that this rebellion is, in the first poems of the Forough, has obviously two senses, first of all, the love that comes from the feminine passion and then the rebellion against the beloved-woman contracts in his contemporary society. Moving through the first poems of Forough and following her poetic path, we find that the poet faces a number of ups and downs in expressing the concepts in her poem, most of them follow the same form. But what we see in the books after the "captive" and "the wall", is the expression of these two concepts with more poetic images and other poetic arrangements. In fact, the poet has never ignored the rebellion during the stages of maturity, but rather propagated it with new ways of expression.
Our hypothesis is that the theme of rebellion in these works is personal most often unidimensional or bi-dimensional, but what is said in the poems of her two latest works, it is very important to go beyond the personality of the poet and, therefore, to move from personal revenge and to reach “the social self” for “the collective rebellion”.
From the beginning to her final poems , the poets seeks to express this rebuke, which include expressions, images, metaphors, analogies and poetic arrangements. Of course, it should be pointed that this measures are not conscious, rather it would be her won worldview. In addition to the rebellion, another important issue is the belief of liberation from persecution. In fact, for Forough Farrokhzad, the liberation is a kind of attempt to find a solution to the breakthrough, and that liberation is expressed with various poetic forms.
By adopting a semiotic approach to literary discourse analysis, the authors tried to analyzed the visual dimension of Forough's poetry in the representation of the concept of liberation and rebellion. Thus the main objective of the current research was to show that the visual dimension was one of the main structures of the meaning of the text. Our hypothesis was that the figurative dimension in Forough's poetry is the concept of rebellion and emancipation, and sometimes the abstraction of this dimension makes it difficult for the reader to understand the meaning. This paper consisted of three parts. Following the research background, which focused mostly on sources that analyze Forough's poem from thematic-structural perspective,the authors have discussed the methods, and approaches of semiotic theories of Paris school to text analysis, which defines the figurative dimension.
In the end, the authors have shown some Forough’s poetry characteristics that are remarkable. First, the negation of all social and poetic constraints, in relation to the man, the beloved, the nature and the love. The next step has been attributed to the liberation theme. The love has different aspects in Forough's poetry and is not valued, the only thing that gives hope to the poet is the season that is cold. This image of the cold that was from the beginning continues throughout the poem with the changes of comparison and metaphor and in the end, it is again the center of the poet's interest. Thus Forough's poetry has a spatio-temporal isotopy and at the end the first picture appears, which is due to the uniqueness of the image of rebellion and liberation. In the case we want to show the figurative dimension on the basis of model proposed by Denis Bertrand, we must say the figurativity goes in the negative direction, towards the conceptualization and not on a clear and explicit direction.

In this paper, we intend to study the enunciation characteristics in Yasns 9 and 10 of the Avesta. Yasns have three important chapters. Their language is one of the most featured and oldest parts of the Avesta. The Yasns are divided into 72 parts or Ha. One of the features of enunciation is the use of pronouns and verb endings as grammatical morphemes being differently applied. First-person singular, first person plural, third person plural etc. This change is constant and cause the conjunctive and disjunctive features (shifters) that contribute to meaning process. On the other hand, modal verbs such as want, Can, Must, etc play an important role in the production of meaning of the speech. The method used is the semiotics of the Paris school. The objective of this research is to show how meaning occurs and what are the modes of enunciation in Yasns 9 and 10 of the Avesta.

In this work, we have optimized the performance of the 1D photonic crystal based biosensor. The photonic crystal contains the layers A, B and F which are ZnSe, SiO2 and a microfluidic channel, respectively. Also, there is a radial gradient refractive index defect layer in the center of the structure. By irradiating a plane beam to the proposed structure, a ring-shaped intensity profile is achieved on the output plane of the structure. Any changed in the effective refractive index of the fluid inside of microfluidic channels can cause a change in the radius of the intensity ring. There are different parameters such as number and thickness of the layers and the rate of the refractive index variation in the D layer that can effect the sensitivity. Optimizing these parameters, it is possible to sense the refractive index changes of 10^-5 .

The poling process of polymers doped with chromophores is of great importance for the nonlinear properties of these materials. So, after having optimized the poling condition the second harmonic generation (SHG) was measured for PMMA polymer doped with Disperse Red 1. The dependence of SHG intensity to the poling voltage and poling temperature have been experimentally studied. The relaxation of dopant orientation in the polymer matrix was also measured.