سهراب تقی پور

Formation of natural gas hydrate is a serious problem in the gas and oil industry because it can plug pipelines and destroy the equipment. This study aimes to evaluate the concentration effect of glycol ethers on their synergism with a commercial kinetic hydrate inhibitor (Luvicap 55W) in sweet natural gas-water systems at a constant temperature of 4 oC and pressure of 95 bar. Hydrate formation experiments have been designed and conducted in a static, stirred autoclave. Finally, the results indicated that concentration changes dosen’t affect the inhibition time greatly, while the growth rate of hydrate crystals decreases considerably with the increase in the concentration of glycol ethers.

N-(1, 3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine (Santoflex 6PPD) functions as a powerful antioxidant and antiozonant for natural and synthetic elastomeric compounds and as synthetic polymer stabilizer. Santoflex 6PPD provides protection against different forms of aging and fatigue degradation of flexible rubber components in both static and dynamic operation conditions at high temperature during storage and service operation is essential. In this research synthesis of this compound from 4-AminoDiPhenylAmine (4-ADPA) and Methyl IsoButyl Ketone (MIBK) in the presence of 5%Pt/C as catalyst with thermodynamic variables (temperature, pressure) and kinetic parameters (stirring speed, reaction time, and molar ratio) were examined with an oxidizer. At first, (4-nitrodiphenyl amine and 4-nitrosodiphenyl amine) were prepared by direct coupling of aniline and nitrobenzene under optimized molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to moles nitrobenzene in the presence of a strong base. Then 4-ADPA was synthesized under hydrogen pressure about 200-220 psig at 80 °C in the presence of 5%Pt/C as catalyst with efficiency increase about 10% and by product reduce compared to conventional methods. In the second step, 4-ADPA was reacted with Methyl IsoButyl Ketone (MIBK) under hydrogen pressure of about 800 psig and temperature of 170-175 °C in the presence of 5% Pt/C catalyst Santo flex 6PPD was synthesized in 99% purity and the yield of reaction was 95% with efficiency increase about 3% in comparison with conventional methods. All of the synthesized compounds were ‍characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, C.H. N. and G.C. analysis.

The presence of nanoemulsion water droplets in diesel fuel during combustion phenomena causes micro explosions. This process provides more oxygen for fuel and therefore improved combustion efficiency. Diesel fuel nanoemulsions were obtained by using surfactant packages such as long chain fatty acids and their salts, fatty esters, ethoxylated fatty acids and together with co-surfactants such as linear alcohols, butanol and hexanol in the presence of 5-15% of water. These compositions were stable and transparent during long period of time. These fuels were tested in diesel engine OM314 and their performance such as exhaust emissions fuel consumption and engine performance were compared with conventional diesel fuel. The presence of 5-15% water in these fuel compositions causes the exhaust emissions, i.e. nitrogen oxides (0.44-12.9%), soot (17.35-43.9%), and unburned hydrocarbons (0.82-6%) to decrease, but thermal efficiency in diesel engine and lubricity improve. In addition, the presence of water and additives in the fuel reduces heating value, and despite improving the quality of micro explosion phenomenon and increasing the thermal efficiency of combustion (3-4.8%) it causes engine power to decrease by 4.5-13.5%.