سهراب سعیدی

Investigating cities and countries in Hamidi MaqamatabstractHamidi's Maqamat is one of the technical prose books of Persian literature written by Qazi Hamiduddin in 6th century in 24 maqameh. One of the contents of this book that is noteworthy in this research is the mention of the names of countries and cities, although some of those cities and places have been renamed and others have been separated from our vast land. Therefore, the mention of the names of cities and countries and urban geography in this book is important in terms of the historical documents of our vast land. This research introduces the geographical locations mentioned in Hamidi's Maqamat using content analysis method and library tools. It should be said that geographical material in the Hamidi's Maqamat is less important than books such as Al-Masalek and Al-Mamalek, but paying attention to cities and countries, whether it is a foreign reality or the product of the artist's creative mind, is not without kindness. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the cities, countries and places mentioned in the Maqamat of Qazi Hamiduddin, since literary books in turn provide a suitable basis for analysis and analysis of different aspects of literary works. Surveys of this paper show that geographical locations such as Palestine, China, Syria and Iraq, which are politically important to our country today, have not been overlooked by the author.

“Hamidi Authorities” and “Kelila Wa Demna” are full of readable material that, in addition to great benefits, helps us to identify the culture and customs of the people of that time, but one of the components addressed in these two books is the mention of tools, is The Military equipment and weapons of the time. The antiquity of armaments dates Iran to the Paleolithic era. This indicates that humans have always been in conflict with nature and animals or enemies for survival, so they have tried to defend themselves in the manufacture of ammunition. Research on The battle issues and weapons is one of the issues that hides a lot of research and search in depth and with this research, the most important tools, equipment and techniques used in each period of the governments of Iran, will be identified. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and using library tools to examine military and combat equipment in the book of Hamidi Authorities by Ghazi Hamiduddin and it is determined that “Kelila Wa Demna” and “Hamidi Authorities”are not military books in which there are many Military tools mentioned and the number mentioned in these two books is for further explanation and completion of similes. Almost none of the tools mentioned in the book “Kelila Wa Demna” and “Hamidi Authorities” have been used for military purposes and war scenes; However, sometimes these weapons were used in the book of the authorities for self-defense.

Hamidi Officials is one of the esteemed works of Persian prose and indicates various readable material with different people that Judge Hamid al-Din has dealt with in his speeches. One of these components is two characters, old and young, who appear in various scenes. In the authorities, the word "old" has a higher frequency and its role than "young", and in fact, the author has paid special attention to these two categories. According to Judge Hamid-al-Din, white hair is not a source of credit, but a position of wisdom that gives dignity and greatness to the old, and this greatness and greatness can also be bestowed on a wise, intelligent and prudent young man to sit in old age in youth. In this text, old and young, in addition to the appearance aspects, have also appeared in metaphorical and ironic roles. But what the judge of Balkh wants is a wise old man who can also have intelligence and votes. Therefore, this article examines the role of these two characters in this text by content analysis method and by library tools.

Layer stylistics is a disciplined method for investigation of ideological and literary characteristics of each literary peace. The present study aims at examination of the poems of Molla Hossein Masiha (one of the poets of the 13th century in Minab), who versified poems in the realm of lamentations and ceremonial poetry by using this method and literary knowledge. The poems have been compiled in a book called “Unmanned Rakhsh”. The study is of analytical descriptive type and his poetry has been examined in five layers of phonological, syntax, rhetoric, lexical and ideological. The research findings indicate that from the viewpoint of phonology, this poet paid attention to the music of speech, and to reach this goal, he employed various figures of speech like alliteration, repetition, puns and rhymes. His words are marked, official, obsolete and alienated from the type of its allegory. The only prominent point in this field is using marked words. Syntactic layer of his poems includes elements such as sentence styles, verb voice, verb tenses, and grammatical voice. Most sentences in his poems are short and they are simple. Most verbs are simple past, present and verbs voice are active. Informative voice is the bold aspect in his poetry. Molla Hossein Masiha employed poetry for expressing Shia’s ideology. Words, syntax and figures of speech are explicitly employed for his ideological purposes.

Literature of resistance expresses human beings’ resistance against the military violations of outers which lead to struggles and battles. In this type of literature, combatants are associated with their trenches, fasten their boots’ bands, and begin to fight while possessing a plaque. In the literature of resistance, the plaque is the martyr who comes back with a piece of bone. In this way, trench is another practical tools and a place of martyr’s ascension to the kingdom of heaven. Such component has always attracted many poets of Hormozgan, and martyrs are usually recognized with trenches, boots and plaques. Such theme has always attracted the blank verse and classic poets of Hormozgan. What is obvious is that the literature of resistance, specially the modern way of this literature in Hormozgan has begun since 25 years ago by colonel Morteza Nasiri, and sill is employed vastly by young poets some of whom have never seen wars and even they were not born in war era. Morteza Nasiri, Gholam Amini Domshahri and Mohammad Dehghani are three poets of Hormozgan, all of them attended the war; the present study aims at examination of the poets of the literature of resistance by employing library research and content analysis method. It studies the elements of “trench”, “boot” and “plaque” in the literature of resistance in Hormozgan, and because there has been no study conducted in the field of literature of resistance in Hormozgan so far, such study is of great importance.

In the ancient city of Minab, the poets while understanding the earthly and otherworldly rewards for citing and versifying lamentations for Imams have inclined towards lamentations and mourning in a way that since 11th century, numerous lamentation poets have come into existence in Minab who have been versifying professionally. Minabi poets through versifying varied confabulation since three hundred years ago, have shown their respect for Imams and their families, and through this has taken steps for reviving the epic of Neynava. There have been over 500 lamentations versified by Minabi poets. The present paper would examine several lamentations through the methods of content analysis as well as library research for the poems versified in two previous centuries. The present paper would investigate the literary points of folklore lamentations versified in Minab; Versifying lamentations in Hormozgan, and specifically in Minab has been current since the 11th century.

Eight-year holy defense is a vast part of our poetry and literature and it has influenced it and it has led to advent of the literature of resistance in which the resistance of a country and nation against aliens’ intimidations and dangers has been reflected in two forms of prose and verses. The poems are current in the forms such as blank verse, lyrics as well as prose. Due to the fact that the sense of resistance against invasion is an innate one arising from the inner sense of human beings. Athar Ghavami, Bandar Abbasi – Lari poet has applied his delicate imagination to reflect values of the holy defense and has tried much to do that and has made his efforts like a fighter at the outside of the frontline and tried his best to reflect battle fields as well as destructions after the war. The present paper, through application of content analysis and library research is examining his literature of resistance reflected in his poetry collection “An Amatory on Land Mine”, and it has been clarified that Ghavami has used two forms of classic and blank verse poetry for introducing

The “clamour of Chavosh” in Hormozgan is a spiritual and mystical tune that Chavosh Khan (“khan” means “reader” in Persian) uses to invite people to religious meetings and gatherings including reading the Rawda or pilgrimages. To perform it, Chavosh Khan usually stands on a height and, while his hands are at his face, he sings tunes praising Imams. In the past, the “clamour” informed people to perform preaching and sermons and was a form of delivering news as well. Considering the type of the trip a pilgrim intended to go on, he would sing poems and people would go to his house to ask for forgiveness. Now Chavosh Khani (“khani” means “reading.”) is a religious ritual in Hormozgan province. Considering the remained manuscripts of Molla Monsef and Hossein Ali Ghazaei Olyayi, it dates back to three hundred years ago and nowadays it is very common among the people. Adopting content analysis method, the present study aims at introducing the ritual of Chavosh Khani in Hormozgan through library research and field study.

The palm tree is a very ancient and sacred tree whose name is often mentioned in the Holy Quran. The historian has described it as the princess of trees. Southerners believe that palm is the only legacy of their family. In the oral history of the Minab, there are many palm trees. The palm plays an important role in the traditions, customs, and beliefs of the people. Palm tree is important in all respects for the inhabitants of the south. He provided food and lodging, as well as wicker industries to use in the affairs of life. By adopting the content –analysis approach and through library based data and interview, this research sheds light on several aspects of this tree and its place in oral literature of Iran (riddle, proverb, idioms, beliefs and songs). This tree has been important for a very long time in the lives of the people of this region and it is not an exaggeration to say that every palm, as a breadwinner, can be part of the family economy. Palm is one of the children of the family and his unit of enumeration. Sometimes, the inhabitants of this region have attributed to it a mortal character.

Basically, local songs are the language of moods and feelings of those people who have not been poets or scholars, but they have had taste of poetry and passion. These songs had been existed from the early human life and in fact, music, song, and poetry have been existed for a long time and then have been implemented in various forms in Hormozgan, like anywhere else in the country. Investigation of songs, verses, led to recognition of community-based people as well as the tribal and local ones; people applied their innate and natural thoughts about facts and local happenings, events and ceremonies in those songs. And it has left a simple and local description from each one to be studied. This paper investigates the love terms in local songs of Hormozgan and thereby the qualities of love expression in its songs in Hormozgan which are being studied and will be identified as pure love of Hormozgan poets. In this way, the linguistic structure of the song is from everyday language and it also filled with irony, slogans, and slang expressions.

Contrary to its similarities with other Iranian ethnicities’ marriage ceremonies, the marriage ceremony in Hormozgan province has differences with them in respect of ceremonies and their procedures. One of these differences is reading Basenaks in various steps of marriage by men and women. Of course women’s frequencies are much higher than men’s counterparts. The present article has been devoted to content analysis and has been done through objective observations and interviews done for investigation of Basenaks and the role of sister– in – Law in marriage ceremony’s Basenaks of Hormozgan and it has been cleared that Hormozgan Basenaks belong mostly to religious types and are read by groom & bride’s relatives. Among audiences of Basenaks are sister and mother of the sister – in – Law. The results of this study show that the role of sister– in – law in Marriage Ceremony’s Basenaks is more prominent. However, the mother attends Basenaks when there appears shortages in the ceremony in a humorous way. The present article studies the role of sister– in – law in Marriage Ceremony’s Basenaks. It is worth mentioning that because of oral and popular characters of Basenaks, there is always the problem of rhyme and meter in Basenaks.

Abdel Muti Hijazi and Mohammad Reza Shafiee Kadkani are the pioneers of romanticism and new classicism schools as two famous Iranian and Arabic poets. Romanticism and new classicism is obvious in these poets’ works. Abdel Muti Hijazi – the famous Egyptian poet- whose works are very close to Sereshk’s (Mohammad Reza Shafiee Kadkani) who has enjoyed Iranian culture as well as Islamic culture. This paper studies both poets’ works from literary schools point of view.

Allegory & its application in Persian literature trace back to a long time ago. One of literary figure who enjoyed this Persian language’s capability in a great extent was Molana Jalal-e-Din Mohammad Balkhi. He tries to convey practical mysticism to his followers and captivated of the path with all his vigor and gnostic excitements. In his risky adventure, Molana he uses Allegory to describe exalted concepts and do his responsibility. He explains deep mystical concepts in the form of tales and sweet stories. Sometimes tales are told by animals, wild or tame. Due to the fact that storytelling and allegory are of importance in Masnavi of Molana, in this article we try to present a definition of Allegory at first, then we point to Molana’s intentions and goals for presentation of these allegories. In what follows, tale of “Once There Was a Trader Who Owns a Parrot” will be presented in the form of prose. Then the article tries to examine versified parts and verses of the allegory and its symbolic roles.

The folkloric beliefs are one of the most essential genres of the nations› folkloric culture that resemble a two-edged sword which can either quickens the process of development in all aspects or act as a brake and impede the development and progress. The folkloric beliefs might have been the outcome of the collective mind of the people (proverbs and adages), a verse of a poem or an anecdote that has been accepted by the masses and the collective mind during the course of the history and has been converted to a parable or a proverb. Ethnic thoughts and beliefs are the cultural memorials, which root in the life style of the people of a region and their ancienthistory. The present study has investigated Hormozgan›s folkloric beliefs in the various spheres. It has also classified such beliefs into two categories:the onesthat are considered to be productive and prolific for the process of development, andthose that are regarded as impeding for the progress and promotion within the culture. The present paper is a briefsummery of the author›s published book about the folkloric beliefs of Hormozgan›s people, which has been compiled and analyzed for five years using a field study method.