سهیلا قربانی

This research studies cross-docking centers location and vehicles routing scheduling problems simultaneously in a three-level supply chain with discrete pick-up and delivery. The proposed problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model with the aim of reducing total cost includes cross-docking centers construction cost, transportation fixed and variable costs, earliness and tardiness penalty costs. In this supply chain model, vehicles start from a cross-docking center and pick up different products from various suppliers and after classifying and preparing products at cross-docking centers, a different group of vehicles are sent to deliver products to customers. For delivering any kind of product to each customer, a soft time window is considered. Herein, three types of small, medium and large size instances have been generated randomly and solved by using the proposed simulated annealing algorithm. For small problems, the results from simulated annealing algorithm are compared with the solutions obtained by the exact methods.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic effects of oak trees dieback on villagers in Malekshahi County. The statistical sample of the study was 216 villagers who were selected based on the Cochran formula and using the proportionate stratified random sampling method. The main tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed using the opinions of the professors of the Department of Rural Development and Forest Sciences of Ilam University. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, and its value was equal to 0.87. The results of factor analysis showed that the factors of weakening agricultural and animal husbandry activities, the decline in employment, food supply problems, general poverty, declining by-products, declining tourism, declining incomes and declining beekeeping activities, were the most important economic effects of dieback of oak trees on the life of villagers. These factors explained 68.56% of the total variance. Due to the effect of oak tree decline on reducing non-wood products, the establishment of cooperatives to use these products, optimizing the utilization of non-wood products and creating sustainable employment to boost the region's economy are recommended.

In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must examine single bones for sex estimation. One of the relatively resistant bones to environmental conditions are hand bones. Specific hand phalanges and metacarpals have significantly different dimensions in two sexes depending to each population and can be a helpful tool to estimate the gender of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating gender using phalanges and metacarpals dimensions in Iranian people. This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5. If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts.

The aim of this study was investigating the social effects of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) decline from the forest dwellers point of view. The sample size included 216 persons of Malekshahi county in Ilam province using Cochran formula and stratified-random sampling method. Data were collected by distributing a questionnaire prepared based on the research background, literature review and interview with experts. Factor analysis with exploratory approach was used for identifying and categorizing social effects of oak decline. Based on results, the effecting factors could be categorized in eight groups. Reduction of life quality (12.60%), reduction of responsibility (10.64%), reduction of social participation (9.88%), reduction of social trust (9.70%), reduction of social network of relationships (8.56%), changing attitudes to agriculture and animal husbandry (6.94%), reducing satisfaction from the government (6.78%) and increase in migration (4.91%) were most important factors and social consequences of oak decline on villagers. The mentioned factors explained 70.02% of the total variance. Hence, one can conclude that maximum social impact of oak decline would affect the life quality of people in the study area.

This research tried to study the relation between the exports incomes of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and their share outputs in of petro-chemical industry. For this purpose, the information related to the above variables was collected during 1999-2008. By using econometric approaches, specially, Johnson Collective Test and Vector Error Correction Model, the reciprocal relation of the variables was examined. The findings of Johnson Collected Test represented a long run mutual relation between the variables of the model mentioned. The results of Vector Error Correction Model Test explained that there is unilateral and direct relation between income gained by share outputs and the output of petro-chemical industry Stock has relatively less elasticity than the exports of this industry.