فهرست مطالب سپیده ملکی شمالی

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal with corn gluten in the diet and its effect on the growth performance and biochemical composition of common carp fingerlings. For this purpose, 180 common carp fingerlings with an average weight of 5.04±0.5 grams and the average total length of 8±3 mm in 12 tubs with a density of 15 in each tub and in four different treatments of 20, 40 and 60% corn gluten along with a control treatment with a diet formulated with the percentage of protein, fat and The same energy levels were tested over an eight-week period. At the end of the test period, based on the obtained results, there was no significant difference between the growth indices in the investigated treatments and the control sample (P>0.05). Also, the analysis parameters of baby fish carcasses showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the treatments in terms of carcass moisture percentage (P>0.05), but in terms of ash percentage, protein percentage and carcass fat percentage, there is a statistically significant difference between all treatments. was observed (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the use of corn gluten at the levels used in this research was favorable for fingerling carp.

This study was carried out in 27 study stations in Shijan, Siahkishim, Abkenar, Hendekhaleh and Rogaha(River outlets), during conducting research hydrology  and  hydrobiology and preparing Atlas of  plankton in the Anzali wetland during the years 1994 from 2014. Sampling was done by (P.V.C) tube, For phytoplankton (1 liter of  water sampels) were Collected and fixed with 4% formalin and then transferred to the laboratory and after quantitative and qualitative studies with inverted microscope were taken picture them by Nikon photo microscop.  In total, 19 genus and 32 species were identified in the Cyanophyta. This phylum includes a category known as Myxophyceae, commonly called the "Blue Green Algae", The  most  abundant  species of Cyanophyta are Oscillatoria sp. ,Merismopedia  convoluta ,Microcystis  aeruginosa and  Anabaena spiroides. All members of this category have maximum frequency in the summer and early autumn seasons (October), and their most frequent distribution is in the Abkenar area. In general, the purpose of  this research  was  to  determine  the  role  and  importance  of  the environmental management of this group in Anzali wetland ecosystem. also, by studying  the  population, biomass  and  distrbution of  plankton  in  different areas  of  this  wetland, the production  and  fertility potential were evaluated  and  its environmental  effects in fish life have been met to restore the natural reproduction sites of migratory fish and feeding their larvae.

In this research,were evaluated 50 gonad pieces at age 3 and 4 year old , farmed huso huso in concrete pools of Shahid Rajaee Reproduction and Rearing Sari were 25 pieces (14 females and 11 males) by biopsy in the winter 2003. Anesthetizing fish was used with clove powder. Microscopic slides were prepared by microtome 5-7µ and then the histological slides were stained with Hematoxylene & Eosin. Microscopic studies showed that 54% of the fish (27 pieces), 46% (23 pieces) male and were detectable of sexual maturity in terms. Also, in this study, 25 pieces of the Shahid Rajaee, 56% of the were males, 44% females, and including 3 stages I- II (28.57%), stage II (50%) and stage II- III ( 21.42%) and in males 5 sex stages included stage I- II (9.88%), stage II (18.8%), stage II- III (18.8%) and stage III-IV (27.3%) and stage IV (27.3%) observation Became Of the 25 pieces of the Gorgan Shahid Marjani, 52% were female and 48% were male. Sexual maturity of the four sexual stages in the females including stage I (15.8%), stage I- II (30.76%) stage II (38.44%) and stage II-III (15.38%) and in males three sexual stages Including stage II (58.3%), stage II-III (25%) and stage IV (16.66%) were detectable. Our studies showed that according to age, environmental conditions and maintenance, these fishes were in the proper position and desirable sexual maturity in term.

During  planktonic  exploration  in the  study of the construction of coldwater fish culture in Zayandehrood  riversides  during 2007-2008, it showed that  the  plankton of this river has a low frequency and diversity. Planktonic  sampling  was  carried out  at 7 stations  and  along  the river. The plankton sampling  method  was designed  to  measure, Phytoplankton were collected for a liter of water directly , for  Zooplankton  samples  30 liter  of  water  were  filtered  by 55 micron zooplankton net(Apstein net). Samples were preserved with formaldehyde at % 4 concentration for analyses in the laboratory. In phytoplankton  study  of  this  river, 4 phylum  and  25  species  have been identified. The  most commonly  observed  species  belong  to  Bacillariophyta, The most important  of  genus  this phylum were  Navicula, Cymbella and  Nitzschia. Bacillariophyta  accounts for 94.7% of the annual Phytoplankton  frequency  in  this  river. 6 Phyla  and  29  genera were identified in  zooplankton study, the  most  frequent  of  which  was  Protozoa  and  the  most  diversity  was  related to phylum Rotifera. The  results  of  zooplankton  study  show Protozoan domination with %74.2 of  zooplankton  population (Ciliophora %51.8 and  Rhizopoda %12.7) which  has  the  most  frequency. The  most  important genus of  Rhizopoda was  Difflugia, Arcella, and  Centropyxis.  establishment  fish culture  along the rivers was commonplace in world, so the development and revision of river fortunes is essential for proper exploitation  of  these  water  resources in  aquaculture, while maintaining the health of the river ecosystem necessary .

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires continuous assessment and revision in water resources policy at all levels. Karganrood river is one of the most important river in Guilan province and on its way crossing agricultural areas in Talesh country and villages collect the pollutants. One of the main sources of rivers and lakes pollution is intering urban and industrial wastes into rivers that due to the entry of these materials, the structure of the rivers is transformed; because it is disrupting the natural flow of fish migration and so preventing the formation of floods and appropriate conditions for fish spawning. Study of microbial contamination was performed over a one year period and sampling was performed seasonally and once every season. The contamination rate was studied by counting total coliforms (MPN) method. The stations studied were selected from the upstream, middle and estuary regions and sampling was carried out from the surface and sediment of the river. Most of the total and fecal coliform contamination were related to bed and estuary regions which reducing water flow, passing through urban and agricultural centers and entering the centers' wastes into the river and settling in the river bed and estuary have led to increase the amount of contaminations. Totally, the contaminations average (surface and sediment) include: the highest amount of coliform contamination was 44.3 numbers in 100 cubic centimeters and the highest amount of fecal coliform contamination was 26.9 numbers in 100 cubic centimeters in summer season. It should be noted that, all the results of studied physical and chemical factors were in the standard range of discharge to the surface water and the bacterias' growth were increased due to increase of the weather temperature; so, decresing water volume in summer season causes increase of the bacterias percent in water