فهرست مطالب سپیده ناصری

Microplastics are persistent environmental pollutants. Their presence in water resources, air and food chains is a growing concern all over the world. Since air is a strong environmental substrate, the release and effects of airborne microplastics can remain localized or go far beyond the point of release. In this study, the indoor and outdoor air pollution of residential houses in Kermanshah, Iran, was investigated.

In order to collect samples, different parts of the houses, including bedroom, living room, kitchen, corridor, yard and roof, were selected as the sampling points. Ten stations were selected as the sampling points. After washing with distilled water, the samples were transferred to the laboratory through a fiberglass filter (diameter 47 mm, 1.1 μm pore size) and filtered using a vacuum pump. After preparing and extracting the above samples, the visual method was used for the quantitative and qualitative detection of the microplastics.

The results of the study confirmed the presence of microplastics in all the samples. The frequency of microplastics was minimum 158 and maximum 4480 per square meter. The indoor samples were significantly more polluted than the outdoor samples. The highest frequency was related to black fiber, which can be attributed to a textile origin. Also, more than 78% of the samples were determined to be less than 500 micrometers in size.

Exposure to microplastic-contaminated air is inevitable, and currently, our knowledge about the release of microplastics in indoor air as well as the factors affecting microplastic transmission is lacking. There is a need for more studies focusing on these issues, because they are of great importance in assessing the potential risk of microplastics on human health.

The lifestyle items include modifiable behaviors and conditions which can be effective factors of the infertility process. The aim of this study was to compare the lifestyle items between fertile and infertile couples in Urmia.

 In this descriptive-analytical study, some components of lifestyle in 130 infertile and fertile couples at Urmia in 2018 were selected and compared using simple random sampling. Demographic information Questionnaire and Miller-Smith Lifestyle Questionnaire were utilized. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21) and descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The average lifestyle score among the infertile group was (49/469±</span>7/031) and among fertile group was (48/292±</span>6/027). Significant difference was not observed between two groups (P>0/05). Among the questions, the least score and the highest points belonged to a hot meal during the day (question number 1) and the least points and the highest score belonged to alcoholic drinks during the week (question number 7).

 The results of current study showed that the lifestyle of fertile and infertile couples did not differ significantly. According to studies which have been done and validation of some of the lifestyle factors, it seems that its necessary to conduct more studies by selecting samples from different health centers and using other tools.

Transsexuals is a gender identity disorder in which the individuals believe that their psychological gender is contrasting to the anatomic one. They have strong desire to be like the opposite sex and they like to be accepted from the society as sex that self-belong to it. The aim of present study was the Comparison of Hope inventory And Body image of Transsexual Individuals, with and without Reassignment Surgery.

The present research done with the aim of comparison of hope inventory and body image of transsexual individuals with and without reassignment surgery that for this purpose sample people, 25 without reassignment surgery and 25 with reassignment surgery were selected through simple randomly sampling method and snowball method in during year 2016 in center of Dey clinic reassignment surgery in Mirdamad boulevard in Tehran that of these 25 people without reassignment surgery were 14 man and 11 woman and of 25 people with reassignment surgery were 12 man and 13 woman. Data collection tools was Snyder hope inventory and Kash body image questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests as manual multivariate analysis of multivariate analysis and utilized by with SPSS software version 21.

Concerning two sub scales of hope inventory will and motivation indicated that there is no difference between sub scale of will in transsexual individuals with and without reassignment surgery (F=2/288 P=0/137). But there is difference in sub scale of motivation (F= 5/071 P= 0/029) and concerning sub scale of body image in apparent (F=2/909 P= 0/095) and proportional (F= 1/446 P= 0/235) dimensions. There is no difference in transsexual individuals with and without reassignment surgery but there is difference in health dimension (F= 9/325 P= 0/004).

Generally results indicated that there is difference between body image and hope inventory in transsexual individuals with and without reassignment surgery, persons suffered gender identity disorder and done reassignment surgery have clearer body image and also increased their hope inventory than before reassignment surgery.