فهرست مطالب سید داود محمدی

Water and wind erosions are the two main factors of soil degradation. But these two processes alone, without human intervention, cause natural erosion and pose little risks to soil. Soil provides food security, preserves water resources, and affects the global climate. Soil reduces water pollutants and is also a carbon storage. The economic need for soil is greater in the world's developing countries because, in these regions, deprived farmers do not have enough resources to carry out erosion control methods. As a result, the risk of soil erosion continues to increase. Various parameters affect the erodibility of soils, including fertilizers. To investigate the effect of urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers on the soils of the Heidareh area of Hamedan, three sampling stations were selected, and then basic experiments including soil sample size, determination of Gs, Atherberg limits, pinhole test, determination of calcium carbonate percentage, determination of the organic matter, chlorine determination, sulfate content, and pH were conducted on soil samples. In this regard, the percentages of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% of urea fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer were added separately to the soil samples of the studied stations. Then pinhole and erodibility tests were conducted using a rainfall simulator with different percentages of urea fertilizer and potassium sulfate fertilizer on soil samples of all three stations in dips of 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees. The results of the erosion test show that with increasing the amount of fertilizers, the amount of eroded soil in all sampling stations has decreased significantly. The reason for reducing erosion can be related to increasing soil permeability and reducing runoff, by increasing the amount of fertilizers and the lack of fertilizers' effect on soil dispersion

Feasibility studies of mining and industrial investment projects are usually associated with uncertain parameters; hence, these investigations rely on prediction. In these particular conditions, simulation and modelling techniques remain the most significant approaches to reduce the decision risk. Since several uncertain parameters are incorporated in the modelling process, distribution functions are employed to explain the parameters. However, due to the usual constrain of limited data, these functions cannot significantly explain the variation of those uncertain parameters. Support vector machine, one of the efficient techniques of artificial intelligence, provides the appropriate results in the classification and regression tasks. The principal aims of this research work are to integrate the simulation and artificial intelligence methods to manage the risk prediction of an economic system under uncertain conditions. The financial process of the Halichal mine in the Mazandaran province, Iran, is considered a case study to prove the performance of the support vector machine technique. The results show that integrating the simulation and support vector machine techniques can provide more realistic results, especially when including uncertain parameters. The correlation between the net present value obtained from the simulation and the net present value is about 0.96, which shows the capability of artificial intelligence methods and the simulation process. The root mean square error of the support vector machine prediction is about 0.322, which indicates a low error rate in the net present value estimation. The values of these errors prove that this method has a high accuracy and performance for predicting a net present value in the Halichal granite mine.

One of the most important tasks in conducting a laboratory research work is how to make the samples. The purpose of this research work is to create heterogeneous rock-like samples containing non-persistent notches. Regarding that, the molds with dimensions of 250 mm x 200 mm x 50 mm are made. A mixture of plaster and water with different mixing percentages is used to make the heterogeneous samples. Various techniques are also employed to create non-persistent notches on the samples. One of the methods to create a notch is to insert an aluminum blade into the groove of the mold, and finally, remove it after the plaster slurry has hardened. Due to the displacement of the blade and its tilting during slurring, the notches are out of the vertical position. In addition to the mentioned method, other methods such as water jet, cutting by thread, cutting by diamond wire cutting, cutting by rotary saw, and using hand saw are applied. Finally, using a hand saw to create a notch on the samples is chosen as the best method.

Educational burnout is one the most important experimentalfields in universities and finding the effective factors on them is really important. The aim of the present research is to investigate the relationship between academic motivation with academic burnout and academic status among students in Qom University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive- correlation study, 261 students were selected from Qom University of Medical Sciences through through stratified random sampling method with considering gender from schools of six. Data were collected through two questionnaires on Academic Motivation of Vallerand et al and academic burnout of Berso et al.

There was a significant negative relationship between the total score of academic motivation and its subscales (intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation) with academic burnout and and all its, subscale, significant Positive relationship between   Motiveless with academic burnout. Also, the score subscale intrinsic motivation had a significant positive relationship with academic achievement and the score subscale motiveless had a significant Negative relationship with academic achievement. But there was no significant relationship between extrinsic motivation score with academic achievement. Finally results of multiple regression analysis revealed that Only Academic Burnout predicted academic motivation significantly.                

Results showed that improve and increase academic motivation of students can reducing their academic burnout, Therefore, it is recommended to reinforce academic motivation at a young age.Also, engagement and performance, and educational managers in universities of medical sciences should pay attention to academic burnout in students and increase their motivation and interest in education.

To identify natural behavior of rocks under the similar moisture conditions, two saturation methods of under atmospheric pressure conditions or vacuum pressure are usually used. In the method of vacuum pressure, the values of vacuum pressure Pvac as well as the time of applying this pressure Tvac are two effective parameters. In this study, the saturation method of rock, especially soluble ones such as gypsum and anhydrite, have been studied. The results of the experiments were analyzed in terms of sensitivity for four parameters of dry vacuum pressure Pvac(dry), wet vacuum pressure Pvac(wet) and the time of applying each one (Tvac(wet), Tvac(dry)). The results showed that by increasing Pvac(wet), the percentage of water absorption has been increased and the samples generally gain more than 95% of their increased weight after 4 days of applying wet vacuum and they can be practically assumed to be saturated. Applying dry vacuum Pvac(dry) before wet vacuum Pvac(wet), increases the weight of most samples after applying Pvac(wet). In case of gypsum-anhydrite rocks, the experiment showed that applying dry pressure equivalent to -0.5 atmospheres (atm) and to 5 hours (Pvac(wet) = -0.5 atm, Tvac(dry)) = 5h) propose ideal results.

The hope is one of the variables that influences the quality of life and the Mental Health of people in society and especially among  student population as the future of society. Hope can also play an important role in increasing the ability of people in various aspects of life, especially in the field of education. Considering the reasons, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between quality of learning experience and self-regulation with Hope Components in students of Qom University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive - correlation study was conducted in 1396-97 and 261 students were selected through stratified random sampling method with considering gender. Data collected by standard Neuman`s quality of learning experience questionnaire, Hong and O’Neil self-regulation questionnaire, and Snyder `s Hope Components questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and stepwise multiple regression. Comsequently, findings showed that the total score of quality of learning experience had a significant positive relationship with total score of Hope Components. Also, the total score of self-regulation and its subscales had a significant positive relationship with total score of Hope Components and its subscales. Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis revealed that self- regulation would positively and significantly predict Hope Components. Hence, the results suggest that universities should focus on improving the quality of student learning experiences. Curriculum planners and educators are also recommended to design and employ appropriate teaching methods to enhance learners’ self-regulation skills.

Hope can maximize the satisfaction and mental wellbeing of students and result in their physical and mental health and adaptation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hope components with academic status, motivation and burnout in students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

This correlational, descriptive study was conducted on 261 students in 2017, who were selected by random relative cluster sampling based on gender. Data were collected using the hope components questionnaire by Snyder et al., academic burnout scale by Berso et al., and academic motivation scale by Vallerand et al. In addition, data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test and stepwise multiple regression.

In this study, there was a negative, significant relationship between the total score of hope components and their subscales with academic burnout. On the other hand, a positive, significant association was observed between the mean total score of hope components and their dimensions with academic motivation. However, no significant relationship was found between the mean total score of hope components and their dimensions with academic status. Moreover, the regression results indicated that academic burnout was able to predict hope components in a negative, significant manner.

According to the results of the study, hopeful students have more academic motivation and lower vulnerability to academic burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that the hope level of students be increased by university authorities and professors in order to improve and decrease their academic motivation and burnout, respectively.

In regard to consumptions of oil materials by human, soil contamination causes worriness in environment and geotechnics areas in previous years, such that studying of soils lead to soil refine, soil bearing capacity and soil changing by infiltration of contamination. The rates of problems on environment are different and it depends on soil types and its structure, organic materials values, soil permeability, climate and type of contamination. In viewpoint of geotechnics, many investigations have been done on various contaminated soils that their result leads to optimum application of those as road construction and decrease of costs. In this research, with adding of different percentages of gasoil into the soil, engineering properties of contaminated soils were investigated and its effect on the erodibility of soils was studied. Regarding to the Hamedan oil storages complex extension and lateral installations, the study of contaminated soils are essential. Also, because the location of that complex is at urban area, the environmental risk of leaking of oil materials is available. Thus, the goal of this research is to investigate the erodibility of contaminated soils at the studied area.     

Hamedan oil storages complex is located about 17.7 km far from Hamedan city. In order to study engineering geological properties and erodibility of three layers of soils in studied area, the soil samplings were done from three soil layers. Based on the field and laboratory results, all of three soil layers were classified into SM class and had too much lime (Table 1). Testing program is divided into engineering geological tests and erodibility tests. All of the engineering geological tests on the uncontaminated and contaminated soils were undertaken according to ASTM (2000) (Table 2). In order to prepare the contaminated soils and to determine the maximum absorbable gasoil, the soil samples were contaminated by gasoil and some standard compaction tests were undertaken on the soils. According to the test results, upper and lower layers were saturated by 19% of gasoil and middle layer was saturated by 15% of gasoil. After determination of gasoil saturations percentages for studied soil layers, the 7, 13 and 19 percentages of gasoil were added into the upper and lower layers and the 5, 10 and 15 percentages of gasoil were added into the middle layer. Thus, for engineering geological tests, 9 samples of contaminated soils were prepared.Table 1. Soil properties of studied area Lime percentage To prepare the sample for direct shear test, a mould with dimension of 10 cm *10 cm *2 cm was used. Then, the prepared sample was set inside the shear box and vertical stress was applied. All of direct shear tests were done in unconsolidated-undrained condition (UU), in maximum dry unit weight dmax) and in optimum water content ( opt)of soil samples.All of the soil samples for uniaxial compressive strength tests were prepared in maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content. To prepare the soil samples, a split tube mould with 5*10 cm of dimensions was used. Based on that test, the soil samples are set under axial load and failure occurred at the end of the test.To investigate the effect of gasoil on soil erodibility, first the erodibility tests by using rainfall simulator were done on uncontaminated soils and then, on contaminated soil with different percentages of gasoil. All of soil samples for erodibility test were prepared into the pans with 30*30*15 cm of dimensions and in maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content. The thickness of soil samples were 5 cm and the gravelly drainage layers were 10 cm. The rainfall intensity was equal to rainfall intensity of sampling area (29 mm/hours) and the steepness of soil samples were equals to sampling area steepness (10 to 40 degrees). After catching of runoff and drained water, the eroded soils were weighted and the weight loss of soil samples was calculated.   

All of the engineering geological tests results are shown in Table 3. With increasing of the gasoil percentages, dry maximum unit weights of all three layers have decrease trends while the optimum water contents have increase trends. Surrounding of the soil grains by gasoil and water causes the easy sliding of grains and more compaction. The Atterberg test results shows that liquid and plasticity limits of soil had increase trend with increasing the gasoil. In the middle layer its trend is more than the others. Because the viscosity of gasoil is more than the water viscosity, the adhesion of contaminated soil would be more than the uncontaminated soil and then, the liquid and plasticity limits of contaminated soils are more than the others. The uniaxial compressive strength results show that the undrained strength of contaminated soils would be decrease with increasing the gasoil content. This behavior is the result of sliding of the contaminated soil grains on each other.The results of erodibility tests results are shown in Table 4. The erodibility would be increase with increasing the gasoil percentages. Also, it would be increase with steepness dips degrees. In compare to the uncontaminated soils, the maximum weight loss of the contaminated soil is 608.3 kg/m2.hr in 15% of gasoil and 40 degrees of steepness in L2 layer. The minimum weight loss of the contaminated soil is 13.33 kg/m2.hr in 0% of gasoil and 10 degrees of steepness in L3 layer. Thus, the assessment of gasoil effect on erodibility of soils is very important.Table 3. Results of the engineering geological tests on the uncontaminated and contaminated soil samples
Layers

1. According to the grain size analysis test results, all of three layers of soils around the Hamedan oil storage are SM with too much lime.
2. With increasing the gasoil, liquid and plasticity limits of three soil layers had increase trend. its trend in the middle layer is more than the others.
3. According to the erodibility results of contaminated soils, the weight loss of middle layer was more than the other layers because of the middle soil layer had lower percentages of lime.   
4. The gasoil causes decrease of soil strength and increase of weight losing. Thus, the uniaxial compressive strength and weight losing have reverse correlation.  
5. With increasing of the contamination, the cohesion and internal friction angle of soils would be decrease and then, the erodibility would be increase.
6. Maximum of erosion of contaminated soils was in 15 and 19 percentages of gasoil and it was three times more than that of uncontaminated soils.
7. The critical steepness of uncontaminated soil layers was 40 degrees for all three layers, but it was different for contaminated soils, 
8. Regarding to the location of Hamedan oil storages, the environmental risk of oil leakages and erodibility of contaminated soils are certain.  

The purpose of this research is investigation the effect of lime on the residual soils in the southern area of the Faghireh village of southern Hamadan. The study area is located in the mountain range of Alvand and Kyvarstan in south of Hamadan. The topography of the region is hilly and formed from the weathered units. To investigate of lime effect on studied soils, maximum dry unit weight, optimum water content, pH and uniaxial compressive strength of stabilized soils with different percentages of lime was determined. The results show that increasing lime percentage and curing time, increases optimum water content and decreases maximum dry unit weight, and also improved the resistance properties of stabilized soil. According to the results, optimum lime percentages were 5% and 7%, and the curing time for the stabilized soils in the Faghireh area of Hamedan were obtained for 28 days. Then, the effects of freez-thaw cycles were investigated by using uniaxial compressive strength tests, direct shear, weight loss due to freezing and determining the swelling of samples. The results show a reduction in uniaxial compressive strength in freez-thow cycles. Also, the cohesion of the samples are decreased and the internal friction angle of the samples are increased, and the weight loss and swelling due to the freezing of the stabilized samples are less than the base soil.

 

Motivation is one of the fundamental factors in learning that can affect variousaspects of student behavior in educational environments. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between quality of learning experience and self-regulation with academic motivation in students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.

 This descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on a sample of 261 students at Qom University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were selected from six faculties through gender-proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through Neuman`s quality of learning experience standard questionnaire, Hong and O’Neil self-regulation questionnaire, and Vallerand`s academic motivation questionnaire . The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and stepwise multiple regression.

The total score of quality of learning experience and its subscales resources, content, and flexibility had a significant positive relationship with academic motivation. Also, the total score of self-regulation and its subscales had a significant positive relationship with academic motivation. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that quality of learning experience and self- regulation would positively and significantly predict academic motivation and could explain around 12.1% of the academic motivation variance.

 The results suggest that universities should focus on improving the quality of student learning experiences. Curriculum planners and educators are also recommended to design and employ appropriate teaching methods to enhance learners’ motivation and self-regulation skills.

The highest objective of education at all educational levels is to promote the creativity power in university students. Moreover, mental health of students is the main condition for efficient  employment and educated resources. The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between critical thinking skills and creativity with mental health and academic achievement in students at Qom University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive -correlation study was conducted on 303 students in Qom University of Medical Sciences those were selected through stratified random sampling method with considering gender. Data were collected through two standard questionnaires on creativity,  Abedi and mental health questionnaire of GHQ-28. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation and independent t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was significant negative relationship between creativity with mental health (P=0/000, r=-0/283). In the other word, with increasing mental health (decreasing the score in the mental health questionnaire), the creativity also increased. However, there was no a significant relationship between creativity with academic achievement (P=0/741, r=0/025) and mental health and academic achievement (P=0/141, r=-0/150). According to independent t-test results, there was no significant difference between male and female students’ average scores in creativity and mental health, whereas there was a significant difference between male and female students’ in academic achievement. Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that only mental health can predict creativity significantly. The increase the level of students' mental health, the improvement the creative process. Consequently, providing training and counseling are necessary to maintain and improve their level of health.

The selection of the best subsurface exploration methods corresponding to geotechnical, topographical and economic circumstances of the project is one of the most effective factors in the success of a tunneling project. On the other hand, the development of a decision model and consequently choosing the most suitable alternatives are complex tasks. Therefore, prioritizing and selecting the best subsurface exploration methods, as the main aim of this study, can reduce the economic and social costs associated with the execution of a tunneling project. For this purpose, ten experts from tunneling community have been asked to weigh the chosen criteria of the problem in this research. A methodology utilized in this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which proved useful in engineering decision-making problems. The other method is TOPSIS, one that has continuously been used in decision making in the recent decades. These two techniques have been combined and utilized in this work to rank the aforementioned exploration methods.
Material and The study area is located about 109 km far from Shahrekord city amid the Zagros mountains. The Sabzkooh tunnel development plan has been under evaluation in the time that this research was being done. The geology of the area majorly encompasses sedimentary rocks which have been outcropped as folds, faults, and fractured and altered zones. However, the variety of the lithological units in the tunnel route is high, and units of limestone and shales also exist over the path.
In the first step, geological and topographic maps were produced for the study area, and general information from the tunnel path was collected and examined. Suitable exploration methods were evaluated, and six main methods were chosen to be considered as the alternatives of the study including (a) discontinuities study, (b) Lugeon tests, (c) RQD, (d) Geo-electric, (e) Gravimetry, and (f) Seismic methods. Moreover, nine criteria ranging from “volume of the available information” and “environmental impact” to “cost” and “accuracy” of the employed methods were taken into account. A pairwise comparison matrix was then developed, and the experts were asked to fill it out. The importance of each criterion was then simply calculated through this matrix. Alternatives pairwise comparison matrices were also filled out and, in this manner, the alternatives could be ranked using the AHP technique. Next, the TOPSIS technique was employed for the same purpose using a rather different process.
Both AHP and TOPSIS techniques show very close results for ranking of the alternatives in this study. They rank the three Seismic, Geo-electric and Discontinuities studies methods as the best ones for the considered tunneling project. The only difference between these two techniques is how they determine the worst method. The AHP ranks the Lugeon as the last rank among the six methods whereas the TOPSIS determines the RQD as the least reliable method of exploration for the Sabzkooh tunnel project.
The prioritization and the subsequent selection of the most reliable exploration methods for an underground excavation project is a crucial task amid technical decisions. In this research, two major multi-criteria decision-making methods including AHP and TOPSIS were considered and applied for the Sabzkooh tunnel in Iran. The results indicate a high agreement between the two methodologies even though these two approaches decide differently on the least reliable methods to be applied.

Huge similarities between clinical characteristics of borderline personality disorder and bipolarII disorder has caused many conversations in terms of the relationships between two disorders.Many studies have investigated the similarities and differences of these two disorders in the field of symptomology, pathology and etiology. On this base, the goal of the current research was to investigate and compare the executive function of borderline and bipolar II disorders patients to know more about the relationship between these two disorders.
Subjects & A total of 25 patients with borderline personality disorder and 27 patients with bipolar-II disorder, who were referred to the Kamkar-Arabnia hospital in Qom, were selected through convenience sampling method. These two groups were compared together and to a healthy control group, by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, that is used to measure the executive functions. Collected data were analyzed by using independent t-test, X2 and ANOVA.
Results showed that two clinical groups had poorer performance in all of the executive functions in comparison with healthy controls. Patients with borderline personality disorder showed poorest performance on cognitive flexibility domain. Patients with bipolar II had lowest performance on inability to receive feedback. There was no significant difference between the two clinical groups in none of the executive functions domains.
These results provides empirical supportfor previous findings, which have reported executive dysfunctions, in both groups of patients. Although, there is no significant difference between the two clinical groups in executive functions in this study, more extensive studies are needed for clarification of relationship between the disorders.

The goal of this research was to compare Alexithymia and psychological defense mechanisms in cancer patients with normal group. Also, investigation of the predictive role of three defense mechanisms in Alexithymia was considered.
From chemotherapy ward of Shahid Beheshti hospital of Qom city, 45 cancer patients were selected by convenient sampling method. Also, 45 employees of this hospital were included as the normal group. Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 were used. Data was analyzed with Independent Sample T-test, Pearson Correlation and Multivariate Regression.
Compared with normal people, cancerous patients had higher scores in alexithymia (p=0.01), difficulty in emotions recognition subscale (p=0.03) and non-developed defense mechanisms (p=0.007). Non-developed defense mechanisms had significant relationships with alexithymia and difficulty in emotion’s recognition and description subscales (p>0.01), also non-developed defense mechanisms could predict alexithymia in cancerous patients (p>0.005).
Findings indicates that cancer is a stressful event that can cause non-developed defense mechanisms start to emerge as dominant psychological defense mechanisms in the majority of patients. Alexithymia which has a relation with defense mechanisms is also a dynamic reaction for coping with unpleasant emotions driven by the illness.

The Dorud - Khorramabad Railway, with a length of 114 km, is under construction in 5 separate phases. In terms of geology, a large part of the route passes along the High Zagros and the Chaghalvandi Thrust in the form of tunnels and other structures. Phase 5, which is 26 kilometers long, from the 72nd kilometer to the 98th kilometer, between the Biran-Shahr Plain and the Deh-Pir region in North Khorramabad City, has two tunnels with a length of more than 7,500 meters. Given the local climate and the ground water level (average depth of 10 meters) on this route, for the sealing of the tunnels, it is necessary to study the rock mass. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of Pliocene Conglomerate including the mechanical and the physical parameters of the tunnel. The present study tries to determine the permeability by means of the data of water pressure tests. The groutability in this rock unit, in turn, was determined based on the Secondary Permeability Index (SPI). The results show that the behavior of this rock mass is 19% in Class C, 67% in Class B, and 14% in Class A in terms of the SPI, and that 86% of the rock mass needs to improve by means of cement grouting operations. Totally, because of similar geological conditions in the railway route, all of the railway route needs to improve.

Cognitive psychologists consider schemas as cognitive structures, which affect the person in selecting, encoding, and processing information obtained from the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Myers-Briggs personality dimensions and early maladaptive schemas in medical students.
In this descriptive-correlational research, 120 students (60 females and 60 males), were selected through convenience sampling method and answered to Yang’s Schema questionnaire and Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.
In this study, no difference was oserved between the two groups in Myers-Briggs Personality dimensions. Both groups obtained the highest scores in perception and extraversion. There was a significant difference between the two groups in impaired limits domain and females obtained higher scores in this domain. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between introversion dimension of Myers-Briggs Personality Profiling and impaired limits domain. There were also significant negative correlations between judgment dimension and schemas of disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, over vigilance and inhibition, and impaired limits domain. Sensation dimension and impaired limits schema showed significant positive correlation.
Findings of this research provide some evidence on correlation between maladaptive schemas and personality types.

The mentality of individuals consists of schemas that include memories, problem-solving methods, mental and verbal imagery, and is a coherent system consisting of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. This study was performed aiming at investigating and comparison of correlation between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in male and female university students.
This study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study on the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences. A total of 120 students (60 males and 60 females), were selected using convenience sampling method. Research tools included Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form and Collins and Read Attachment Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.
The participants of both genders obtained the highest score in ambivalent attachment style, whereas there was no difference between the two genders in attachment styles. Insufficient self-control/self-discipline was the only schema that was different between the two genders (p=0.025). There was a significant correlation between ambivalent and avoidant attachment style and all domains of early maladaptive schemas. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between secure attachment style and the strict schema in females.
Based on the results of this study, there was a significant correlation between insecure attachment style (ambivalent and avoidant) and most of the early maladaptive schemas.

Maladaptive Primary Schemas are fighting for their survival. On the other hand, several variables can relate to adolescents’ identity. One of these variables is happiness. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between happiness and maladaptive primary schemas in male and female adolescents and also comparing the level of happiness and use of this schemas in students.
This research was a correlational study, which its sample size was estimated to be 212 subjects, who were selected using random sampling. Data collection tools were Young Schema Questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and spontaneous regression.
There was significant relationships between happiness and distrust/abuse and obedience schemas in males and entitlement/grandiosity schemas and unrelenting standards in females.
The results of this study revealed that boys who have obedience schema have higher level of happiness compared to those who do not have this schema, and boys who have distrust/abuse schema have lower level of happiness. Also, girls who have entitlement/grandiosity schema have higher level of happiness.

Due to the increasing development of knowledge in today’s knowledge-based world, the need for self-directed learning and Meta cognitive strategies is a necessity in medical students. The aim of the present research is to investigate the relationship between Meta cognitive strategies with self-directed learning among students in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2015.
In this descriptive- correlation study, 303 students were selected from Qom University of Medical Sciences through stratified random sampling method with considering gender. Data were collected through two questionnaires on Meta cognitive inventory of­ O’neill, and Abedi and self-directed learning questionnaire of Fisher’s. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation, independent t-test and multiple regression.
The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was significant positive relationship between Meta cognitive strategies with total of self-directed learning scale and the components named. According to independent t-test results, there was significant difference between female and male students’ in total of self-directed learning scores (p =0/04) and two components self-control (p=0/02) and desire to learning (P=0/01). But there was no significant difference in self-management (P=0/586). Also there was no significant difference female and male students’ in Meta cognitive strategies (P=0/388). Finally, the results of regression analysis showed that the willingness to learn and self-control skills are positively and significantly predicted metacognitive strategies.
According to the results, Practitioners University of Medical Sciences and Professors must try improvement and promotion these skills to student in order to turn them into Thinker, Independent, self-assessment and Lifelong learners.

Critical thinking is one of the goals in higher education levels and a key element in student's mental health.This study aims to investigate the relationship between critical thinking skills with mental health and academic achievement on Qom University of Medical Sciences students.
In this descriptive­-correlation study in 1394,a sample of 303students in Qom University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling method with considering gender.The data were collected through two standard questionnaires on critical thinking skills CCTST form(B) and mental health questionnaire of GHQ-28.Then the data were analyzed simultaneously using descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation and independent t-test, and multiple regression analysis.
Students’ main score of critical thinking skills were(9/16 ± 3/15)which was interpreted as under average. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that There was no significant relationship between critical thinking skills with mental health(P=0/702, r=0/039)and academic achievement(P=0/284, r=0/081).There was also no significant relationship between mental health and academic achievement(P=0/141, r=-0/150).According to independent t-test results, there was no significant difference between male and female students’ average scores in critical thinking skills and mental health.But there was a significant difference between male and female students in academic achievement. Finally multiple regression analysis revealed that two state components of and mental health and academic achievement are not able to predict any critical thinking skills.
Considering that strengthen critical thinking in students and enhance learning methods can improve learning skills and factors affecting their learning Therefore, we can modify and provide process and appropriate educational practices played a significant role in developing critical thinking in students.

With the increasing development of cities, villages, industrial areas, roads, etc. the study of slope stability and determine of the risk value are essential. Among the methods for determining the relative risk of landslide and its zoning, quantitative and semi-quantitative methods gives better results. One of the semi-quantitative methods is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) that uses the method of paired comparisons to analyze the multiple criteria. In this study, to remove ambiguity in the opinions of human, the combination of AHP and fuzzy system for landslide hazard zoning in Kamyaran County that is located in the south of the Kurdistan province, was used. In this research, in addition to usual factors in landslide risk zoning, two factors of slope shape, i.e. plan curvature and profile curvature, were used. The results show that the 52.03 percentage of area had a low and very low risk and the remaining area had medium to very high risk. Among the studied factors, slope, litho logy and land use have had maximum effect respectively, and slope shape had minimum effect on the instability of slopes in the studied region.

Critical thinking improves students’ problem solving ability and is one of the main outputs of academic centers. It has an important role in medical sciences as the students studying these branches of science are getting ready to attend clinical work. Critical thinking helps to convey skills from class to clinic. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between critical thinking skills with creativity and academic achievement in students Qom University of Medical Sciences.
In this descriptive­- correlation study was conducted on 303 students in Qom University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling method with considering gender. Data were collected through two standard questionnaires on critical thinking skills CCTST form(B) and creativity Abedi. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation and independent t-test, and multiple regression analysis.
The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there was significant positive relationship between critical thinking skills with creativity(P=0/000, r=0/267). But There was no a significant relationship between critical thinking skills with academic achievement(P=0/284, r=0/081) and creativity with academic achieveme (P=0/741, r=0/025). According to independent t-test results, there was no significant difference between male and female students’ average scores in critical thinking skills and creativity. But there was a significant difference between male and female students’ in academic achievement. Also multiple regression analysis revealed that only creativity predicted critical thinking skills significantly
Critical thinking skills improving the process can improve student's creativity level. critical thinking skills affects creativity. Such relationship is increasingly important in students of medicine and health sciences.

Infertility is one of the stressful issues for couples, especially men involved in it. In the present study, the prevalence rate and severity of symptoms of depression and its relationship with duration of infertility, were studied in infertile men.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 136 primary infertile men referred to Jahad Daneshgahi Infertility Treatment Center of Qom province in spring 2013. The convenience sampling method was used to select participants. The participants responded to Beck Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-, one-way ANOVA, and Chi square tests.
In this research, 16.9 percent of infertile men had depression, of whom 52.2% had mild, 30.4% moderate, and 17.4% severe depression. Also, no association was obtained between demographic variables of age, job, educational level, and infertility duration with depression and its severity.
The results of the current research indicated that approximately one out of six men were infertile and had depression, which in half of them, depression was mild. Also, and there was no association between depression and duration of infertility.