سید رحمان حسینی

Marital intimacy refers to the interaction between couples that leads to feelings of closeness, love and attention, and research has shown that it is a importanat factor in creating marital satisfaction. Despite the publication of the results of gottman’s longitudinal research, that proved the effectiveness in marital variables, there is a research gap in the study population as well as a comparison of this treatment with the acceptance and commitment therapy.

The purpose of this research was to comparing of comparing the effectiveness of Gottman’s couple therapy and acceptance and commitment couple therapy (ACT) on marital intimacy in distressed couples.

Based on the pilot plan that is “pretest-posttest with followup” selected 19 couples that referred to counseling centers in Sardasht, using the Thompson & Walker marital intimacy inventory (1983) and after the initial screening and applying the entry and exit criteria, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. First group participated in ACT sessions (take from Bach & Moran, 2008) and the second, participated in Guttman couple therapy sessions (based on gottman & gottman, 2017), but the control group did not receive training during this period. The data analyzed by mixed analysis of variance.

The results showed that there is a significant different between means both Gottman’s couple therapy and Act couple therapy with the control group in the variables of emotional closeness, marital satisfaction and total marital intimacy (p<0/05). but in the self-sacrifice, no significant difference was (p >0.05).

Both approaches increase marital intimacy in couples, however, it seems that Guttman couple therapy is more effective than ACT couple therapy. It seems that boath therapies ca nbe used to enrich the relationships of conflicting couples

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of temperature, time, pH, capping agent concentration (mercaptoacetic acid), Zn to Se and Se to reducing agent (NaBH4) mole ratios on morphology, phase developments and size of zinc selenide nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method. Characterization of zinc selenide nanoparticles was performed by Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Induced Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA). The results of EDS showed that the ratio of atomic percentage of Zn to Se in the optimized zinc selenide nanoparticles is 1: 1 and elements are evenly distributed in the nanoparticles. Based on the results of FTIR and STA thermal analyses, MAA as the stabilizing agent binds to and stabilizes zinc selenide nanoparticles. Finally, fine nanoparticles of zinc selenide with narrow size distribution, spherical shape and cubic crystal structure were obtained at the minimum temperature (130 °C) and processing time (15 hours) with the least amount of reducing and capping agents compared to previous researches.

The goal of this study was to develop nano/ultrafine bainitic microstructure in AISI 52100 steel. For this purpose, the specimens were austenitized, followed by austempering treatment at different temperatures and times. Austempered samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and  tension and wear tests. The results showed, at austempering temperature up to 250oC, the strength and ductility reached 2000 MPa and 7%, respectively. By further increasing the austempering temperature, the strength and ductility were simultaneously reduced (to about 1808MPa and 3%).

The aim of this study is the improvement of high temperature wear behavior of gamma-based titanium aluminide (Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb at.%) by duplex process of “plasma nitriding” and “physical vapor deposition”. Plasma nitriding processes were carried out at temperature of 800°C, duration of 9 hours and gas ratio of N2/H2:1 by amplified cathode method. Four alternative layers of TiN and Ti33Al67N were applied by PVD at temperature of 300 ˚C and duration of 2.5 hours. Characterization tests were conducted with the aid of scanning electron microscopes and X-ray diffractometer. The evaluations of surface properties were carried out by micro-hardness and scratch testers. Wear behavior was evaluated using pin on disk method at 25, 300 and 600°C. Combination of Ti2AlN, TiN and (TiAl)N after duplex treatment were confirmed by XRD results. The surface hardness of 2400 HV0.025 and critical adhesion loads of 24.1 ,60.1 and 77.6 N were reached for the first cohesive failure level (LC1), the first adhesive failure level (LC2) and the first interfacial spalling (LC3) by duplex treatment. The wear rate at temperatures of 25, 300 and 600 ˚C decreased in order of 20, 55 and 100 in comparison with substrate. The abrasion, delamination and oxidation were detected as the main active wear mechanism in this tribological system.

The purpose of the current study to examine the effect of group based reality therapy was on choice theory on increasing of social adjustment and self- regulation in adolescents. Samples were 24 students 14-18 old, that obtained low scores in California Personality Inventory(CPI) and Self- Regulation Questionnaire(SRQ), and selected and devise to experimental and control groups by random sampling procedure. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions group reality therapy and each session lasted about 90 minutes, but the control group did not participate in there sessions. The data analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method, and showed that there were a significant difference between means in experimental and control groups. The results of this research showed that reality therapy group as an education and treatment can be effective in increasing social adjustment and self- regulation.

The aim of the present research is calculation and determination of the temperature distribution in the oxy-gas source line heating process for application in the steel plates. Analytical method was used to calculate the temperature distribution by solving mathematical equations. The temperature distribution was determined with numerical method using MATLAB software. A computerized numerical control line heating apparatus was used for carrying out the processes. ITI thermograph camera was used to measure the temperature.
The effect of torch distance¡ gas flow and torch speed on the temperature distribution at the upper and lower surfaces of plate were evaluated. The changes of temperature distribution were achieved at torch speeds of 120¡ 200 and 300 mm/min¡ gas flow of 10¡ 9 and 8 lit/min and torch distances of 30¡ 40 and 50 mm. Calculated and measured maximum temperatures reached to 900¡ 810 and 720 K¡ and 885¡ 785¡ 690 K¡ at torch speeds of 120¡ 200¡ 300 mm/min¡ respectively. The calculated and measured maximum temperatures at gas flow of 10¡ 9¡ 8 lit/min are attained to be 900¡ 810 and 750 K¡ and 885¡ 795 and 740 K¡ respectively. Maximum calculated and measured temperatures at torch distance of 30¡ 40 and 50 mm are accomplished to be 900¡ 880 and 810 K and 885¡ 840 and 790 K¡ respectively.

In the present article, RRA, T73 and T6 heat treatments were carried out to improve mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy and its hardness, tensile and bending strengths were evaluated. For this purpose, solution annealing was performed at 530 ºC for 16 h. For T6 treatment, aging was executed at 150 ºC for 24 h after solution annealing. In T73, aging treatment was done in two stages after solution annealin, at 120 and 180 ºC for 7 and 20 h, respectively. RRA treatment was performed in three stages. The first stage was the same as T6 treatment, the second stage constitutes tempering at 200 ºC for 20 min and in the third stage aging process was repeated like T6 treatment. Evaluation of the microstructures and fractured surfaces were performed with optical microscopes (OM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to study the chemical composition of precipitates. Hardness, tensile and bending strength were evaluated according to ASTM E384-11e1, ASTM B557-06 and DIN 50121 standards. RRA treatment increased tensile strength from 466 to 485 MPa and hardness from 110 to 165 Vickers. After T6 treatment, tensile strength increased from 466 to 505 MPa and hardness from 110 to 160 Vickers. In T73 process, the tensile strength remained almost constant (465 MPa) but yield strength increased from 394 to 410 MPa and hardness decreased from 110 to 84 Vickers. The bending strength increased from 797 to 844, 920 and 1030 MPa in T73, RRA and T6 processes, respectively. By applying RRA process in optimized temperature and time, hardness, tensile and bending strengths of 7075 aluminum alloy were enhanced from 5 to 15% compared to that of T6 and T73 processes.

This study aims at investigation of the hydrogen damage after dissolution annealing and two-stage aging in aluminum 7075 alloy. Dissolution annealing was performed at 500 to 575 °C for duration of 1 to 20 hours. The first stage of two-stage aging was performed at 180, 200 and 220 °C for 30 minutes. The second stage was carried out at 120 and 150 °C for 10, 15 and 20 hours. Structural characteristics and chemical composition of precipitates was investigated using SEM and EDS methods, respectively. Reduction of the tensile strength in T6 process after hydrogenation reached to 150 MPa, although it decreased only, about 50 MPa in the two-stage process. Overall, tensile strength after hydrogen charging was significantly increased in the two-stage aging compared to the T6 process.

The aim of this research is evaluation of tribological properties of Ni(5Al)-Al2O3-MoS2 composite coating deposited by atmospheric plasma spray process on the CK45 steel substrate. For this purpose, three powder materials composed of 60wt%Ni(5Al)-40wt%Al2O3, 60wt%Ni(5Al)-35wt%Al2O3-5wt%MoS2 and 60wt%Ni(5Al)-25wt%Al2O3-15wt%MoS2 were prepared by mechanical milling and then spray drying processes. Plasma spray treatment was done by a plasma spray apparatus equipped with a gun of PS50 model. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wear and coefficient of friction tests. In order to study the tribological properties of the coating, wear tests were performed by using a high temperature pin on disk machine. The tests were performed at temperatures of 25, 300 and 6000C, under 5N load and pin rotation speed of 0.1m/s. The wear test results at 25oC showed the presence of brittle phase of NiAl2O4 and lack of MoS2 lubricate in the 60wt%Ni(5Al)40wt%Al2O3 coating led to delamination wear. In this case, coefficient of friction decreased from 0.98 to 0.80. Significant weight loss was not observed during the wear test at 25oC in the coating contains 15wt% lubricant, due to the presence of Ni solid solution and absence of brittle phase of NiAl2O4. Due to the simultaneous presence of NiO and MoO3, 15wt%MoS2 coating showed the best lubricant performance at 600oC, thus, coefficient of friction was reduced from about 0.95 to 0.25.

The purpose of this article of depositing and structural characterization of Ni(5Al)-Al2O3-MoS2 composite coating on the CK45 substrate by atmospheric plasma spray process. For this purpose, Powdering materials by combining the 60%Ni(5Al)-40%Al2O3, 60%Ni(5Al)-35%Al2O3-5%MoS2 and 60%Ni(5Al)-25%Al2O3-5%MoS2(wt%) were prepared by mechanical working mill. The spray dryer process was performed to increase the uniformity of density and granulation of the powder particles. Spraying operation by a plasma spray with gun equipped model PS50 at a distance of 100 mm, a current of 350 A and a voltage of 35 kV was done. The powder and coated surface were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness and powder flow tests. Fluidity of powder was investigated by powder flow test according to Agglomerated powder exit from outlet of Hall flow meter. In order to investigate the substrate roughness and the effect of depositing composite coating on the average substrate roughness, roughness test with ultrasonic detector by contact method was performed. The results of the roughness test showed that with the increasing amount of MoS2, average coating roughness was reduced from 5.95 to 4.08 μm. According to the results of XRD, brittle NiAl2O4 phase in the coating without lubricant compared to lubricant coatings the more was formed. Composite powder structure and micrometer interfaces were led to the combination of Ni and S. According to the results can be expressed that depositing of Ni(5Al)-Al2O3-MoS2 composite coating with different amounts of MoS2 lubricant by APS method is possible.

In this study, effect of grain size reduction from micrometer to ultrafine on phases and thickness of nitrided layer of AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel after plasma nitriding was evaluated. To produce of fine grain size samples (11 μm) and ultrafine samples (135 nm) used cold rolling and reversion annealing of strain induced martensite. Plasma nitriding was performed at 450 °C for 5h and the gas composition was nitrogen and hydrogen with a ratio of 1 to 3. The evaluation of grain size and observation of microstructure was performed by scanning electron microscopy and identification of phases was performed by X-Ray diffractometer. An increase in the thickness of nitrided layer from 4.8 to 10.6 μm was experienced by decreasing of grain size from 11 μm to 135 nm. In addition to the increase of nitrided layer and percentage of precipitates in ultrafine grain samples, the type of phases was significantly affected by the grain size. It was observed that retained martensite after reversion annealing caused formation of iron nitride (- γ' Fe4N) in ultrafine grain samples.

The aim of this study is investigating the effects of plasma nitriding on the bulk mechanical properties, including tensile properties of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel (in adition to surface properties). In order to reach this goal, the tensile properties of 316L stainless steel have been studied before and after plasma nitriding process. Plasma nitriding process carried out at two constant temperatures of 450 and 500 ºC with gas composition of 75vol.%H2-25vol.%N2 for 5 hours. To evaluate the effect of plasma nitriding process on the tensile properties, a simple tension test was carried out at speed of 5 mm/min. To evaluate the surface hardness, the Vickers microhardness test was used with the indentation loads of 50, 100, 300 and 500 g.f. The microstructural study of the cross section and phase analysis were performed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Changes in nitrogen concentration in cross section were evaluated by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results showed that the plasma nitriding process at 450 ºC increased the yield strength from 320 to 340 MPa and tensile strength from 570 to 595 MPa. Moreover, by increasing the temperature from 450 to 500 ºC, yield and tensile strengths were increased to 355 and 610 MPa respectively. The surface hardness enhanced from 230 to almost 1000 HV by plasma nitriding at 450 ºC. By elevating the process temperature from 450 to 500 ºC, hardness was increased to nearly 1250 HV. In overall, plasma nitriding not only improved surface properties but also enhanced bulk properties of AISI316L stainless steel significantly.

This study investigated the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy, group logo therapy and the combination of these methods in the increase of social adjustment in maladjustment students. The sample of the study included 60 maladjustment male students in the 2nd district of Rey city who were recognized maladjustment by adjustment inventory of high school students (AISS). Then, they were randomly divided into four groups. All the students completed the social adjustment scale, developed in the University of California, in the pre-test step. The first group underwent group cognitive behavioral therapy, the second group underwent group logo therapy, the third group underwent both group CBT and group logo therapy, and the fourth group (control group) received no intervention. Then, in the post-test step, California’s social adjustment scale was administered in four groups. Changes occurred in the four groups were compared through analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Results of the analysis of variance showed that social adjustment scores increased significantly in the post-test (P<0/001). Results of Tukey’s test indicated that the three treatment methods had an effect in increasing the students’ social adjustment, but the combination of group cognitive behavioral therapy and group logo therapy had better effect than the two separate treatment methods. As a whole, results of this study showed that the combination treatment could increase the social adjustment significantly.

The purpose of the present paper was evaluation and comparison of Ti 6Al 4V alloy structural surface characteristics after both surface engineering processes comprised of plasma nitriding (PN) and a PN process followed by TiN PVD deposition, duplex process. PN treatment performed under gas mixture of N2/H2=4; at temperatures of 700, 750, 800 and 850°C for 10 h. To perform duplex process, a TiN layer deposited by catholic were plasma PVD on the surface of pre plasma nitrided samples. Structural characterization of surface and cross section performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microhardness testing methods. While TiN deposition was led to formation of only δ-TiN phase, three distinguished structure including of compound layer (constituted of δ-TiN and ε-Ti2N), aluminum-rich region and a diffusion zone, interstitial solid solution of nitrogen in titanium, were detected at the surface of plasma nitrided Ti 6Al 4V alloy. XRD patterns of duplex treated samples were indicated the simultaneous present of phases which formed during both processes. Although the structures obtained from each one of the processes alone were increased surface hardness, the hardness of outer surface produced by duplex process was significantly higher than plasma nitrided samples. Interdiffused interface of TiN layer (resulted of PVD process) with compound layer (caused by PN process) has been a significant role on the duplex coating performance. Increasing of plasma nitriding temperature, not only increased growth rate of TiN deposition by PVD process, but also improved homogeneity and continuity of TiN with compound layer.

The effect of thermal oxidation temperature on microstructure, surface chemical composition and corrosion behaviour of commercial pure titanium (CP) are investigated. For this goal and creation of oxide layer with different thickness, the samples of CP tit anium isothermally oxided at temperature range of 400 -800 °C for duration of an hour. Microscopic studies, microhardness measurements, and polarization test in the physiological environment have been applied for characterisation and evaluation of the surfa ce layer. The structure of cross section and oxide layer thickness evaluated by employing optical microscopic examination. Diffusion depth and distribution of oxygen in substrate characterized by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Results show that oxide layer thickness and diffusion depth are increased by an increase of oxidation temperature. At oxidation temperature range of 400 -600 °C, increasing oxide layer thickness led to enhancement of corrosion resistance. On the other hand, incre asing of oxidation temperature in the range of 600-800 °C caused decreasing of corrosion resistance due to local spullation phenomenon of oxide layer. Concequently, temperature of 600 ºC was achieved as an optimum temperature for thermal oxidation of commercial pure titanium for corrosion resistance.

In this research nitrogen concentration depth profile in the nitriding process of pure iron has been analytically modelled. The compound region was considered as two separated layers including epsilon (ε) and gamma prime (γ') nitrides over an alpha (α) diffusion zone. The analytical model was constructed based on the binary Fe-N phase diagram system below 590oC and up to 11 wt% nitrogen. Considering relevant initial and boundary conditions, the Fick's second diffusion law was applied for three separated ε, γ' and α zones in a semi-infinite domain. Nitrogen depth profile equations were obtained related to nitriding temperature, time and diffusion distance from the surface. The modelling results were compared with the experimental data from literature and a good agreement was confirmed. Application of the present models indicated that increasing nitriding temperature from 500 to 580oC leads to increasing the maximum nitrogen concentration at the γ'/α interface, higher nitrogen distribution in α diffusion zone and deeper nitrogen diffusion in the substrate. At a certain nitriding temperature, increasing nitriding time up to 10h has a significant effect on the nitrogen distribution, but longer periods have no considerable influence.