سید مجتبی جلالی

The history of the formation of jurisprudential (religious circumstantial) shiʿism has long been of interest to Muslim historians and non-Muslim oriental scholars and many external and intra-religious views have been raised in this regard. The temporal origin of the creation of jurisprudential (religious circumstantial) shiʿism (Arabic: فقاهویعال ش ت (is the main issue of this research. The present article, with a descriptive-analytical approach and a library method, aims to prove the simultaneity of the formation of doctrinal and jurisprudential shiʿism with the Prophet’s era by examining the perspective of the formation of jurisprudential shiʿism in the era of Imām Ṣādiq and Imām Bāqir ʿalayhimā al-ṣalātu wal-salām with an intra-religious view. The following can be mentioned among the findings of the research: 1. The creation and formation of the fundamentals of the shiʿism religion in the Prophet’s era and its continuation in the political and religious establishment of Imām ʾAmīr al-Muʾminīn (Arabic: ن ومم رال ام (which literally means the ruler or governor of Muslim believers or Commander of the Faithful. 2. Historical evidence and jurisprudential books are supporting arguments and confirm the existence of jurisprudential views and public visits of Imām ʿAlī ʿalayhi al-ṣalātu wal-salām as the reason for choosing this view. 3. Distributing aḥādīth (Arabic: ادیث ا, singular: ḥadīth, traditions and narrations) and works with the help of shīʿites in the form of jurisprudential texts in the era of Imām Ṣādiq and Imām Bāqir ʿalayhimā al-ṣalātu wal-salām with regard to the existence of special circumstances of taqiyya (Arabic: یه قت (in order to protect the shīʿa heritage.

Theological seminaries are considered as very important centers for the education and training of students of religious sciences and a platform for the training of jurists and imitators, so the realization of its serious goals will be possible in the shadow of knowledgeable management of its ideal management characteristics and excellent goals. Was. The present study seeks to explain and evaluate the characteristics of good management of the seminary by descriptive-analytical method, relying mainly on the orders of the Supreme Leader. This work, while explaining the important characteristics in order to achieve the sacred goals of the seminary, such as; Jurisprudence-based management, ethics and spirituality, jihadi component, adherence to the principles and values of the revolution, central independence, centralized management, comprehensive awareness of the management system, reliance on manager training and hostility, believes that in the field of these characteristics with harm Cognitions and recognizing the obstacles in the way can be used by using useful and effective solutions such as: ethics-based jurisprudence, obtaining performance guarantees, applied spirituality with jihadi actions, changing the status from passivity to active, operationalization of structural and material independence with jihadi action, management The Righteous Council has dealt with hostility in two areas: defense and aggression, in order to achieve it..

The aim of this research is to examine the issue of childbearing and population growth with a focus on Quranic approaches. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that, given the ongoing and multifaceted challenges in psychological, social, economic, and other domains, Quranic religious teachings can be utilized to explain and offer solutions, such as reforming thought structures with belief-building characteristics, promoting piety, faith, reliance on God, assurance of sustenance and hope, and implementing incentive policies for childbearing, loans, housing, employment, and medical interventions in the field of infertility, to address the obstacles of this social problem.

The ever-increasing development and progress of science in the universe has led to providing the ground for man to face the unknown and turbulent future and on the one hand to distance himself from previous matters such as beliefs and religious issues. The aim of the research is to investigate the most important features and consequences of new science and it is to express the existing challenges and opportunities from a religious point of view. Therefore, the research problem is the nature of new science with a pathological approach and a religious approach with a descriptive and analytical method. The findings of the research show that considering that new science is mainly based on empiricism, which has a one-dimensional and incomplete view without considering all aspects of existence, and the scientific and educational institutions of most countries of the world are based on this type. The paradigm and pattern have been designed and targeted; the acceptance of this model by any society requires the acceptance of inevitable harms and crises such as; the material nature of the new science, the one-dimensional view of the laws of the world, the domination of man over nature, the separation from the revealed teachings, the denial of religion with the claim of the originality of science and reason, the negation of metaphysics, the emergence of moral and spiritual crises, and the reliance on the purely experimental method are the new science. Now he is facing it. Therefore, it is necessary to create solutions such as; Negation of the one-dimensional view, two-dimensional explanation of human existence, adjustment of human domination, explanation of the mutual influence of science and religion, creation of a link between knowledge and value, proof of metaphysical ideas and adornment of science with moral virtue, correcting the epistemic base, in such a way that it should be appropriate and compatible with intellectual, cultural and religious and spiritual teachings

The purpose of this paper, made by an approach to Allameh Misbah Yazdi’s  (may his grave be sanctified) Islamic thoughtful words, is to identify the anthropological elements and components of the Quran to shape modern Islamic civilization and its influence on this field.

The research was made qualitatively, on a descriptive and analytical method. In terms of purpose, the research is fundamental, so the research results are efficient in drawing the Quran's anthropological components to shape modern Islamic civilization. The research was made by a library method, describing various propositions from religious evidence, data gathering via referral to written documents in books, articles, journals, and online searches among reliable resources.

The research findings imply that for the Quran’s anthropological components, with modern Islamic civilization, from Allameh Misbah’s viewpoints, four items can be inferred, self-knowledge, prosperity, human collective identity, and Islamic civilization. Concerning self-knowledge, discipleship, and its evolution, the interaction of the Self and action, and the influence of the Self dimensions on the elements and obstacles of discipleship are influential insightful, and impulsive damages. For discipleship disasters and struggling with them, the issues of negligence, attachment to temporal pleasures and healing them, the need for a moralist, the influence of a friend, and the necessity of a study plan are significant. For the contradiction between the Self and action, and human being’s quarrel with the Self, there is an opponent, called the Self; in the journey of culture and civilization, the invocation of wisdom and science can be a key to the challenge of good and evil. For the component of prosperity, the relativism of prosperity, the relation between prosperity and action as elements for achieving prosperity, the Quran’s evidence, obedience to the Prophets, and the truthfulness and innateness of prosperity play a significant role in civilization.Concerning human collective identity, individual relationship with society is considered in 5 fields, including pure constructs, skills, industries and inventions, real sciences and knowledge, the constructs with real origin (religious, moral, and legal values), and social powers; human personality and social perfectibility depend on the social elements of heavenly prosperity, the role of environment in human behavior, sanitation ways, and two-dimensional view. For Islamic civilization and its link with anthropological components, besides two functions, attracting public collaboration and Ummah (economic, social, political, and cultural) empowerment, and reducing responsibilities, Islamic civil society has some features such as 1) paying public rights; 2) utilizing thoughts to amend and improve methods and planning; 3) preventing social administrative evils, and preventing public injustice; 4) the public guidance and training; 5) fulfilling social obligations, and enjoining the good and forbidding the wrong, etc. For enjoining the good, people’s responsibility over each other, and the requirement of monitoring mutual behavior imply the fact, which is available partially in civilized societies, with different degrees of civilization. The significance of identifying these human-related components and beliefs, and acquaintance with their influence on modern Islamic civilization may play an undeniable role in drawing objectives, and the content of civilized systems and policies.

Islamic civilization is a set of customs, manners, rules, and principles of life, based on human innate to provide the best conditions for flourishing talents to proceed in the monotheistic direction. In recent years, disregarding Islamic values and the influence of the West has led to the decline of traditions and the spirit of civilization in Islamic society. concerning the Quran’s anthropological components, with modern Islamic civilization from Allameh Misbah’s viewpoints, realization and presence in divine future-making is impossible without self-knowledge, so self-knowledge will emancipate people from material constraint and lead to their role-playing in God’s excellent objectives for mankind. For prosperity, the truth of human happiness depends on permanent and comprehensive pleasure, so the content of civilization is a culture, rooted in the beliefs and values, and Islamic civilization is realized when a better context is created to achieve piety, leading to social prosperity. For human social perfectibility, the mutual relationship between people and their society, bolstering the foundations of social power, and social sanitation, with appropriate approaches, can facilitate the realization of an Islamic advanced and civilized society significantly. For Islamic civilization, considering Islamic values, ​​and dealing with the influence of foreign culture has led to traditions reception and civilization spirit in Islamic society, reviving the society, leading to people's attention and accountability, accordingly, return to Islamic civil society and promoting it to a modern Islamic civilization.

Bada is the emergence and change of that which has been appreciated based on the factors of God's conditional judgment. The problem of the research is the analysis of the narratives of the sure signs of the emergence of Imam Zaman (AS) and the occurrence of evil in them, which was done in a descriptive-analytical way. In many hadiths, certain and non-certain signs of the appearance of Hazrat Hojjat (AS) have been mentioned. Asemani's cry, Sufyan's exodus, Yamani's exodus, Zakia's suicide and Khasf Bida's are mentioned. The findings of the research show that according to the examination of the documents and implications of the existing traditions regarding the certainty of signs of emergence, it is possible that there is a dispute regarding the weakness of documentation and the incompleteness of their implications and the division of signs into certain and non-certain, and the relationship between the traditions claiming its certainty and the time of appearance. The sub-question of the river; Therefore, it is possible to raise the possibility that from the existing narrations about the certainty of the signs of emergence, the necessity of the fulfillment of these signs by God could not be found, and since things are inevitable by God's will, there is a possibility of bada, as a result, by ignoring the commitment to Non-occurrence of Bada in the principle of the occurrence of certain signs, we can refer to the possibility of Bada in some details and its characteristics.

The purposefulness of divine actions is an important religious issue among thinkers. Belief in God's knowledge, wisdom, power, and justice requires the purposefulness of God's actions. This research is based on Rene Descartes' view on the answer to the question of determining the purposefulness of divine actions, which has been carried out through a descriptive-analytical method. In findings chapter, it explains Descartes' point of view in two areas of “the principle of the purposefulness of divine actions and the possibility of knowing the goals of divine actions. While confirming the first area of his view, in the second area and based on extra-religious evidence (reason) and internal religious foundations (Qur'an and hadiths), the raised misconception has been criticized and investigated. The result of the research shows that despite believing in the purposefulness of divine actions, Descartes considers it impossible to access and know the ultimate cause in divine actions due to human limitations, while in criticizing and confronting this matter and based on external evidence and teachings in the Qur’an and religion, divine actions not only have purpose, but also their recognition is possible and it has been acknowledged in various cases.

One of the widely used indicators in the field of Islamic teachings is the issue of migration, which is mentioned in the interpretation of the revealed verses. In the course of his life, according to various events and different goals, a person migrates, which in its value sense is moving towards the transcendental society. The topic of the article is to investigate the category of migration based on religious teachings. The purpose of writing the article is to examine migration from a religious point of view and explain the obstacles and solutions related to it. The research question is how religious teachings approach the issue of migration. The method used in the article is applied and developed with a descriptive and analytical approach. The results of the research show that the barriers to migration such as; Fear of death, attachment to the world (surroundings, property and family), comfort seeking, lack of living expenses, alienation, evil temptations, with the reference and application of religious solutions in areas related to each other: preventing fear of death, avoiding attachment, staying away from Seeking convenience, reducing cost concerns, managing homesickness and dealing with temptation can be solved. At the same time, migration with its many dimensions such as; Acquiring knowledge, preserving religion, emigrating from oppressors, emigrating from sin, emigrating to God, has led to the initial creation and expansion of prosperity in every society.

The theory of velayat al-faqih is an important theory in the political philosophy of Islam and is one of the most important foundations of the Islamic government and the main component of its structure. Considering the importance of this issue and the need to rationally defend it as the most basic basis of Islamic government, this article examines the position of velayat al-faqih with an analytical and descriptive method. In Islam, he analyzed some doubts about its legitimacy, acceptability, and rationality, and answered them by referring to sources such as Imam's views, verses, traditions, and rational teachings. The findings of the research show that the theory of religious authority is valid and inviolable, according to the reasons and foundations of Sharia and Sharia, so denying it is a kind of disobedience to the rule of reason and Sharia.

The Holy Qur'an as the main religious source in various obligatory and divine sciences, such as; Jurisprudence, theology, ethics, hadith, etc. have been considered and the basic principles have been deduced from it. Knowing the contents of the Holy Quran is important in understanding the verses. Therefore, understanding the verses depends on a careful study of the words of the Qur'an lexically and syntactically. The main question of the research, which has been done by a descriptive-analytical method, is the commonalities and differences in the semantics of the contents of the Holy Quran from the perspective of Zamakhshari in Kashaf and Tabarsi in Majma 'al-Bayyan. One of the findings of the research is that the semantic commonalities of the contents in Kashaf and Majma 'al-Bayyan; Citing the Sunnah of the Messenger of God (PBUH), Arabic poetry, finding the meaning of the words of the Qur'an in the age of revelation and using the power of reason and contemplation and accepting incomplete synonyms, are the words of Ma'rab and involved and among the differences can be: 1- Jurisprudential tendencies (ruling on the slaughter of the People of the Book), 2- The difference between the theological point of view (verse of propaganda, the possibility of copying the Qur'an with a single news), 3- Lexical and literary issues (Hamzah position), 4- Examples of causes of revelation , Pointed out the example of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the role of praise.

Some of the Muslim orientalists and intelletuals hold the belief that the ShiÝa, to defend the legitimacy of the government run by Imam Ali (peace be upon him), in spite of the existing overt protest and opposition against the then government and the process of electing someone as a successor, has had no basis for the legitimacy of the government of their Imam and think it suffice to cite the Imam’s dependence on the Messenger of God. Such a misgiving brought about this question that “What evidence has the ShiÝi people presented to prove the legitimacy of the government run by the Commander of the faithful, Ali (peace be upon him)?” To answer the above question, the present research, having criticized this theory, has deduced the evidence for the legitimacy of Imam Ali’s government on the basis of the political ideas and actions of his companions. The findings of the research show that Imam Ali’s companions have proceeded to defend Imam Ali’s right to the government by recourse to the theological beliefs diffused among the Muslims and explained by the Holy Prophet and have taken measures to establish the legitimacy of the government of their Imam drawing upon such expressions as the ‘Imam whose obedience is obligatory’, the ‘successor of the Messenger of God’, ‘knowing, Immaculate, and ‘divinely appointed Imam’.

Nizam Ahsan (the best system) is one of the important philosophical and theological topics. Belief in God's knowledge, wisdom, power and justice necessitates the creation of “the best system”.  This research seeks to do a comparison and review of the views of Sadrul Matalhin Shirazi and Rene Descartes. It is about "Ahsan" system which deals with the answers to its problems in a descriptive and analytical way. The research has shown that Mulla Sadra believed in the existence of a perfect system and he has implemented issues like relation to  the God’s knowledge, will and satisfaction, the wisdom and finality of God's actions,  the inherent poverty of creatures and the fundamental nature of God, based on his principles such as the perfect system in methaphysics, nature and the whole world, in order to speculate the perfect system. Like Sadra, Descartes acknowledged the best system and has approved it in his explanations of things like the perfection of creation, the completing parts of the world, and the man as a part of the great world as well as the world’s being more complete despite the imperfections of some parts and also in the impossibility of  procession of perfect from the imperfect. These expalnations are similar to Sadra’s in terms of concept and content. Unlike Sadra, Descartes has explained no concrete application for the ultimate cause in “best” system.

The Holy Qur'an is a complete and comprehensive heavenly book from God Almighty, which has been given the attention and reflection of thinkers and scholars of the Qur'an with the aim of meeting the needs of mankind in every age. The purpose of the present research is to answer the question of the feasibility of entering the Qur'an in the field of science and its quality. The research method is analytical-descriptive and with a view on the practical interaction of the Qur’an with other sciences. One of the innovations of the research is a special look at the amount of Qur’anic teachings entering different fields of science. The results of the research estimates show that this interaction is an obvious matter in theoretical sciences such as: jurisprudence, principles of jurisprudence, literature, history, economics, physics and in the field of experimental sciences such as: agricultural and animal husbandry sciences, natural resources and environment, zoology, botany and Chemistry, as a stream-creating matter, a pattern and a guiding line in the direction of the perfection of science and, accordingly, in the direction of the happiness of human beings.

Among some Islamic and non-Islamic theologians, various issues have been raised regarding the issue of interpretation and permission or not. The problem of research is to find a common meaning regarding interpretation and expressing a solution in response to doubts about it by analytical and descriptive methods, in which the content of interpretive, theological and hadith sources has been used. Accordingly, the most important achievement of the research is that according to the existing presuppositions in the issue of interpretation and expression of the reasons for the deniers Explaining the criterion, the difference between the basis of the proponents of interpretation) and its defenders (positive verses of interpretation, refusing to carry the attributes of God in apparent meanings, hadiths indicating the permission of interpretation, refusing some texts from obtaining apparent meanings), criticizing them (refuting and resolving) and Despite the differences in the interpretation of the verses, it can be said that the interpretation of the Qur'an and carrying the meaning of the verses contrary to their apparent meanings is permissible in cases where carrying on the appearance of the word requires opposition to the courts of the Qur'an, religion and definite evidence.

Quranic scholars have long held different views on the origin of human beings after the creation of Adam. The purpose of this research is to assess the feasibility and prove the capability of the reasons for attributing human beings to Adam (AS) by relying on the verses of the Qurchr('39')an. The question of research is the primary origin of the human race and its necessity is the interpretation of the verses of human creation addressed to human beings and the answer to its ambiguities. The research has explored the issue with a comparative analytical approach and mainly intra-religious reasons. Based on Quranic evidence, principles, lexical, theological rules and reasons such as: 1. Carrying the words of the first verse of Surah An-Nisa chr('39')in the true sense 2. Impossibility of carrying the words of the verse in the permissible sense without symmetry 3. The meaning of the verse on plurality of souls 4. Inclusion of oral speeches in the sciences 5. The meaning of the single soul of Adam (AS) 6. Meaning and example of people 7. Addressing human beings to all human beings, the theory of attribution of human beings to Adam (AS) can be strengthened and strengthened.

One of the concepts mentioned in the Qurchr('39')an is that of khaza`in, which is introduced as the source of the world of creation and is within the power of God Almighty. In this descriptive-comparative study, the concept of khaza`in and its ontological dimensions has been studied analytically and comparatively from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai in Al-Mizan and Rashid al-Din Meybodi in Kashf al-Asrar. Regarding the ilmi and/or `ayni nature of khaza`in, the research findings show that divine khaza`in consist of two worlds of ilmi and `ayni, which is evident in Allameh Tabatabaichr('39')s theory, but a one-sided view of khaza`in in Meybodichr('39')s commentary (taking the realm of `ayn only), it is obvious. In the realm of treasures and levels of existence, Allameh Tabatabai considers khaza`in as the supreme source of divine grace, the degradation of which is in the form of a sequence from a higher origin based on a causal relationship, while in the latter view, khaza`in oversee Godchr('39')s knowledge of managing affairs and surrounding the graces and levels of the worlds and the soul in the realm of human ability and authority, but there may not be found any reference to the quality of the establishment of the hierarchical system and the way of expressing grace.

The relationship between perfection and religion is one of the most important questions for thinkers whose response has a direct effect on the way of life of human beings. This paper seeks to study the dependency of human perfection on religion from Allame Tabatabai’s perspective with emphasis on the al-Mizan Commentary. Using a descriptive-analytical method this theoretical paper is proposed. The findings show that, the philosophy and purpose of religion is to bring man to perfection and to provide the ground for the realization of this basic purpose of creation. Accordingly, through His revelation and wisdom, God Almighty has provided His teachings in the form of books and law, in accordance with the intellect, nature and realities of human existence.

The precepts of religion have come from God Almighty to humans so that they can walk on their path of evolution and end their divine and secular happiness. abstract the current and current issues in the context of islamic society can be such that custom can sometimes interfere with islamic laws and the need to infer the divine order for that issue and the effect of that order will be imposed on the custom. one of these issues is the issue of shaving. the main question of this study is to trim the legal and juridical opinions in the shia and sunni religion and its feedback is common in custom. which is carried out with a carry - out method. the findings of the study can be mentioned as follows: by cutting the evidence from medical findings based on religious jurisprudence (shia and sunni)according to God's verses in the quran as well as the traditions of god and imams and the rule of judgment rule, it is taboo that this is challenging and sometimes conflicting with what happens.

With the advances which occurred in the different aspects of life and emergence of the conditions that did not exist at the time of the proclamation of religion, it is felt that there is an increasing need for legislation. In the Age of Occultation and with the closure of the doors of religious science, making laws, acquiring knowledge of religion and establishing shar‟i injunctions relating to novelties have been entrusted to religious jurists. Likewise, now that a Shiite Islamic government has come to existence after many years, there is a greater need to enforce laws laid down by Islamic law and formulate laws on the newly-raised issues by religious jurists. The main question raised by this research is about how to establish interaction between law and Sharia. The author expounds this question, using an analytical and descriptive method. Due to the importance of making a special law for the Islamic State, fiqh and law scholars have decided to solve the problem of the legality of the laws approved by the jurists of the Guardian Council by examining their compatibility with Sharia. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows: a. due to the extensive range of the issues of the day and the need to adopt new laws, the laws which are adopted after Ijtihad-based examination, have to be in accord with the religion of Islam. For this reason, the religious jurists of the Guardian Council sometimes find that the laws which the Islamic Consultative Assembly sends to them for approval are not in accord with Sharia and so they return them to the Islamic Consultative Assembly for remedying defects in them; b. some laws are no longer effective and there is a need to enact newer laws; and c. on inquiry, some laws are found incompatible with Islam and they have to be set right.